Newspaper Page Text
oL 1.
e Loyol Grorgian,
AUGUSTA, GA, FEBRUARY 3. 1866.
rmsnnn EVERY SATURDAY MORNING
by the
G B R. Publishing Association.
HOMAS P. BEARD, Agent and Editor.
. corer of Jackson & Bilis Sts., Augasta, Ga.
'ERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION :
One YOaT.. i canesceenssenes. 300
Six’' Months...cce..onnivic izl 9
; Always in advance.
IMPORTANT ORDERS.
£aD'QRS DEPARTMENT OF 8. (0
(narLESTON, Jan. 17, 1866
neral Ordflfl."flb‘ I
_ Toths end that eivil rights and
unities may by enjoyed; that kindly
tioos among the inhabitants of the
may be established ; that the rights
duties of the employer and the free
rer respectively, may be defined;
the soil may be cultivated and the
em of free labor fairly undcrtaken ;-
the owners of estates 3’? be secure
he possession of their lands and tene~
ts; that persons able and willing to
may have employment; that idleness
vagrancy may be discountenanced,
encouragement given to industyy and
ft; and that humane provision may
ade for the aged, iufirm and destitnte
e following regulations are establish
r the government of all concerned in
Department :
1. All laws shall be applicable alike
Il the inhabitants. No person shall
eld incompetent to sue, make com
it, or to testify, because of color or
I. All thc employments of husban—
or of the useful arts aud-all Jawfal
es or callings mny be followed by all
ons, irrespective of color or caste;
shall any freedman be obliged to pay
tax or any fee for a license, nor be
pable to any municipal or parish
nance, not imposed upon all other
ons.
V. The lawful industry of all persons
live under protection of the United
tes, and owe obed'mce to its laws, be~
us fal to the indiWtual, and essential
he welfa:e of society, no person will
estraived from seeking employment
n not bound by voluntary agreement,
Thudered from traveling from place to
sou lawful business. All combina~
s or agreements which are intended
iuder, or may operate as to hinder, |
j way, the emplqu?nt of labor—or
imit compensation for labor-—or to
pel labor to be involuntarily perform |
n certain places or for certain per-!
; as well as all combinations or agree
ts to prevent. the sale or hire of lands
nements, are declared to be misde—
nrs; and any person Or persons €on- |
ed thereof shall be punished by fine:
excecding five hundred dollars, or by ‘
risoument, not to execed six ‘months,
y both such fine and imprisonment.
. Agreements for lacor or personal
ice of any kind, or for the use and
pation of lands and tenements, or for
other lawful purpose, between freed
and other persons, when fairly made,
beimpartially enforced agpinst either
y violating the sawe.
[. Freed persons unable to labor, by
on of age, or infirmity, and orphav
dren of tender years, shall bave aliot
to them by the owners suitable quar
on the premises where they have
heretotorn domiciled as slaves, until
{late provision, approved by the gene
‘g“’mmafldmg, be made for t em by
Yate or Local authorities, or othere
lund they shall not be removed
e prewises unless for disorderly
r, misdemesnor, or other uifeuse
Med by the head of a family or a
t thereof, :
“’- Able-bodied freedmen, when
'\:‘Z\e the premises in which they
pm‘_:&mc\led shall take with them
by th “\for such of their relatives
7 "¢ laws of South Carolina, all
Yns are ob\lged t mnni
LW, 0 main‘ain, .
Pniag ®a freed person, domiciled
having g:;nrefuses to work there,
wier or | offered employment by
by the-rm’ on fair terms ap
voch e the Frzedmen’s
o &) reedman or woman shall
© Premises within ten de
h offep 800 dug ik ik y 8
\w ' ue notice to remove
W, " Octupant, s
W able.bod:
S
’ mises w i
wt ~:;’;‘0!& held as ulwu,-tm
ta) bged thereon or elsewhere;
Permitted to remain on
showing to the satisfaction of the ecom
mwanding officer of the post, that they have
made diligent and proper efforts to obs
tain employment.
X Free persons occupying premises
without the authority of the United
States, or the permission of the owner,
and who bave not been heretofore held
there as slaves, may be removed by the
commanding officer of the post, on the
complaiut of the owner, and proof of the
refusal of said freed persons to remove
after ten days’ notice.
. XIL. Any person employed or domi~
ciled on a plantation or elsewhere, who
may be rightfully dismissed by the terms
of agreement,or expelled for misbehavior
shall leaveé the premises, and shall not
return without the consent of the owner
or tenant thereof.
XII. Commanding officers of districts
will establish within their commands,
respectively, suitahle regulatious for
hiring out to labor, for u period not to ex<
ceed one year, all vagrants who cannot
be advantageously employed on roads,
fortifications and other pullic works
The proceeds « f such labor sball be paid
over to the Assistant Commissioner of
the Freedmen’s Burcan, to provide for
aged and infirm refugees, indigent freed
people and orphan children. |
XIII. The vagraut laws of the State
of South Careiina, applicable to free
white persons, will be recognized as the
only vagrant laws applicable to the freed
men, nevertheless such laws shall not be
considerel applicable to persons who are
without employment, if they shall prove
that they have been unable to obtain
employment stter diligent efforts to do so.
XIV, It shall be the duty of officers
commanding gosts to see that issues of
rations to freedmen are corfined to destis
tute persous who are usable to work, be
cause of infirmities arising from old age,
~or chronic diseases, orphan children too
young to work, and refugee freedmen re~
tarning to their homes with the sanction
of the proper authoritie~ ; and in order
ing these issues, commanding officers will
be careful not to encourage idleness or
vagrapey. District commanders will
make consolidated reports of these issues
trismonthly.
XV. The proper authorities of the
State in the several municipalities and
dist icts shall proceed to make suitable
provisiou for their poor, without distipes
tion of color: in default of which, the
general comwanding will levy an cquitable
tax on persvn and property sufficient for
the ~upport «f the poor.
XVI. The constitutiopal rights of all
loyai and well disposed inha itants to
| ear arws will not be. infrivged ; nevers
theless, this shall.not be construed to
sanction the unlawiul practice of carry
ing coueealed weapous, uor to authoriz:
auy pegson to enter with arms on the
p emises of auvther agaiust Lis consent.
No eue shall bear arws wh) bas borue
arms agamst the United Stateg,unless be
shall bave taken the Amnestyxth pre
scribed in the Proclamation of the Presi
dent of the United States, dated May
Oth, 1865 or the Oath of Allegiance, pre
seribed in the Proclawation of the Presi
dent, dated December Bth, !863, withiu
the time preseribed therein, Aud no
disorderly person, va_rant, or disturber
of the peace, shall be allowed to bear
arms, i 5
XVII. To secure the same equal jus-{
tice avd personal liberty to the freedmen
as to other inhabitauts, no penalties or
punishmets different fron. those to which
all persons are amenduble shall be im-:
posed on freea people; and all crimes ‘
and offenses which are prohibited under
.xistiug laws shall be understood as pro
b bited in the cuse of freedmen; aud if
comwitted by a freedmeu, shall, upon
gouvictior, be punished ic the same man
per as if committed by a white man.
XVIL Corporal punishment shall not
be inflicted upon any person other than a
wivor, and then ouly by the parent, guar
dian, teacher, or the one to whow the
said minor is lawfully bound by indenture
of apprenticeship.
XIX. Persons whose conduct tends to
a breach of the peace may be required to
give security for their good bebavior, aud
in default thereof shall be held in custody.
XX. Al ivjuries to the person or
property committed by or upon freed per
sons, shall be puvished in the same wan
ner provided by the laws of South Carolina
for like injuries to the persons or pro
perty of citizeus thereof. If nu provision
be made by the laws of the State, then
the punishment for such offeuses shall be
according to the course of the eommon
‘law;‘nug “in the case of any ivjury to
persen or . property, not ‘prohibited by
the eommon law, or for which the pun-~
ishment shall not be appropriate, such
‘sentenee shall be impmegp as in the dis<
‘cretion of the court before which the
trial is bad, shall be deemed proper, sub-
Augusta, Ga., Saturday, February 3, 1866.
jéet to the approval of the general com
manding.
XXI. All arrests, for whatever cause,
will be reported trismonthly, with the
proceedings thereupon, throu h the pre
seribed chanuel, to the geverai commans
ding. ‘
XXIL Commaiding officers of Dis
tricts, sub-Districts and Posts within
their command« respectively, in the ab-~
sence of the duty appointed ageot, will
periorm any duty appertaining to the
ordinary Agents of the Bureau of Refu
gees, Freedmen aad Abandoued Lends,
earefully ob-erving for their guidauee all.
orders published by the Comumiss ouer or
Assistant Conmissiouer, or other, com
petent authority, %
XXIII District commanders will en
force these regnlatious by suitable ina
structions to subsDisirict and Post com~
manders, taking care that justice be doue,
that fair dealing between wan avd man be’
observed, a:d that po unnecessary "hard
ship, and no eruel or unusual punishment.;
be imposed upon any one.
By commaud of Major General D E
Sickles _
W. L. M. Burcer,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Official : Alexander Moore, Brev. Ma~
jor and Aid-de-Camp.
SPEECH OF MR CONKLINQ.,:.‘.
Mr, Coukling said : The principle of
the pending amendment is that political
representation does not belong to those
who have no political existence. The
slaves of the South were not members of
political society whieh formed the Con
stitation of the Un:ted States being with
out acknowledged political rights, and in
our system the anowaly. the uondese ipt
As it could not be maintained by the
slaveholding States that slaves were per
sons to be represented, nor by the free
States that slaves were persovs to be
taxed, it was agreed, as oue of the com
promses of the Constitution, that the
free people of all the States should be
counted alike, and should all have their
share of power as thus ascertained, audl
that then the free people of the slave
holding -States should have as much wore
power beside as would be measured by
counting every slave as three fifths of a
person, direct taxes to f [low the same
rate. This covenant was in operatiou so
long as there was anything for it to ope
rate upon; but that provision has bes
come impotent, and we have no hing to
rely upen 1n its place but the :esidue of
the second section of the first art:cle,
which, owing t» the rupture of the tech
vical tie of S avery, would, as it stands,
work out results now which when the
Coustitution was made, were condemned
by the judgment of all. Four millious
of peope, vice slaves, have becowme a free
people, but have no political status, being
emancipated but not yet enfrauchised,
that is, to become of the power they re
presented. Wheresis itto go? Ii it be
true, as we are told, that the blacks are
aufit to wield even a fraction of power,
thereis an eod of the controversy, for
there is no place logicaily tor this power
to go save to the blacks. If they are
wfit to bave it, it should not exist. Qur |
fathers never dreamed of there being
4 000,000 persons in the country uufic
for political existence. They trusted to
gradual and voluntary emaucipation to go
band in hand with education and enfrau ‘
chisement. The three-fifths clause gives |
slaveholding States, over and above their
just representation, eighteen represen:
tatives. DBesides the new census of 1860
will enable them to ciaim twenty-eight
beside their first proposition to be east for
those beld not fit to be jurors, nor
‘witnesses, nor plaintiffs in suits, nor
‘voters. Shall 127,000 white people in
New York cast but one vote in tuis house
and in the Electoral college, while the
same pumber of white people iu the
South have two votes ? Stall the death
ot slavery add two fifths to entice power
which slavery had when slavery was liv
ing ? Shall oue white wau bave as mach
ghare in the Government as two other
white men, werely because he lives where
blacks outnum er whites two to one?
tbis is privilege, clan, aristoeracy in its
*most hateful form. It is not democr cy,
or republicanizm, or free governumeut at
-all. Three m des have beeu proposed to
level this favoritism. First: To make
the ba~is of representation iu Congress
aud in the Elcctoral College of sufficiently
qualified voters alone. Sccond: To de~
prive the States of the power to unqualify
or discriminate politically or on aceount
of race or color. Third: To leave every
State perfect y free to decide for itself
not only who shall vote, but who shall
belong to its political community in auy
way, and thus to say who shall euter luto
| its basis of representatiou, aud who shall
|be shut out. The last proposition has wmet
. the approval of the committee; the others
+ have mot. If voters »lone should be
' made the the foundation of representation,
the actual ratio would vary iofinitely.
l U)pe State might let women and mioors
vote Another might require only ten
] days’ residence if a voter were otherwise
qualified. Auother might extend suffer
to aliens. Another would lead to a strife
of unbridled sutfera-e. If sufferage were
coufied to wale voters of twenty one
years of age aud upward, great inequali
tier would arise. California may let her
Chine-e and halfbreeds vote; Oregon
her Indians, and any State its aliens.
But with uuiform State legislation this
plan would create injustice toward the
States in which women outnumber men,
and from which young men go out to
more boundless fields But New Kng
Ixnd would not loose a single representax
tive, either by making white men or all
men over tweuty one the basis of appor
tionment. Other inequalitics would ex
ist, which Mr Conkling mentioned in
d-tail. The ~econd pruposition touched
upos the princ-ple of rightful sovereignty
and deunies to the people of the several
,States tie right to regulate their own
uffairs in their own way. It meddles
with a right res rved to the States when
the Constitution was, adopted, and to
which they will long cling before they
surrenderit. Besides most of the North
ern States do not permit negroes to vote
and it would be futile to ask three<fourths
of the States to do for themselves and
all others by ratifying such an amend
went the very thing which most of them
have refused to tfo in their own cases
The third proposition avoids as far as the
case admits all the obj:ctions of the other
two. It coutains but one condirien, and
that rests upor a priunciple already em
bodied in the Constitution, as old as free
government, viz: That representation
does not belong to those who have not
political existence, but only to those have
Every State will be loft free to extend
or withdraw the franchise as it pleases.
impartially or to all, aud this without
losing anything in representation. In
any State so long as a race can be found
which is 8o low, so bad, so ignorant, or so
stupid that it i~ deewed necessary to ¢x
clude men f-om the right to vote merely
bscause they belong to that race, in such
case, the race shall likewise be excluded
from the sum of Federal power to which
that State is eutitled. The proposition
tbus provides for represeutation co
extensive with taxation. [t brings into
the basis both sexes and all :ges, and so
it counteracts and awards, as far as possi
ble, the casual geographical inequalities
of p pulation. It puts every State on
ab cqual footing in the requirements pres
scribed, and leaves every State unfetter
ed to enumerate all its people for repre
sentation just as it pleases., If sufferage
is confined as it is now, taking the census
of 1860 as the foundation of the calcula
tion, and the number ot representatives
it then stood, Wisconsin, Indiapa, Illi
uois, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Mas-~
sachuset 8’ New Jersey and Maine would
gain oue representative each, and New
York would gain three Alabama, Ken
tucky, North Carolina, South Carolina
and Tennessee would each lose one.
Georgna, Louisiana and Virginia would
each Icse two; while Mississippi would lose
three. In answer to the argument that
*citizens of the United States’ and not
¢ persons’ should be the basis ot repre
sentation aud apportionment, it wmay be
safll that the present Constitution is and
always was opposed to this suzgestion;
that it would narrow the basis of taxa
tion and cause considerable inequalities,
and that many of the large States, which
are to pass upon the Amendment, now
ho'd the represvntation in part by reason
of their aliens.
The joiut resolution was ordered to be
printed. and on motion of Mr. Stevens,
was made the special order for to mo:row.
The highest iuhabited place on the
globe is the Post house at Ancomarco, in
Peru, which is nearly sixteen thousand
feet above the sea.
The Quebee bakers are forbidden to
sell anyth'ng except stale bread, the
medical faculty baving decided that new
bread promotes cholera.
, A man who was noticed to be driving
quite slowly, near Boonsboro’, lowa, the
other vight, was found, though tightly
grasping his lines, to be frozen to death.
The Commissiover of Internal Reve
nue receutly decided that authority has
been given to imprint the initials aud
date in ink upen stamps, iustead of writ
ing them.
Congress tatks of repealing the intern
al revenue tax on paper, aud all Bibles,
Testaments and other religious work:
and school books uscd in colleges aud
‘acadamies.
The following highly important order
shows the purpose of the National Ad
ministration in a favorable light :
PROTECTION TO LOYAL PER.
SONS IN THE SOUTH.
The following order was recently
issued by General Grant ; |
“War DEParTMENT,
AssistT'NT Api'T Gen's OrricE;
W asnincron, Jan. 12, 1866.
GeneraL Oroer Neo. 3 To protect
loyal persons against improper civil suits
and penalties in the late rebellious States,
military, division and department com
l manders, whose comwands embrace or
‘are composed of any of the late rebell
[ ious States, and who have not already
'done 80, will at once issue and enforce
‘orders protecting from prosecution or
suits in the State or municipal eourts of
such States, all officers and soldiers of
the army of the Uuited States, aod all
persons thereto attached or in'any wise
thereto bolonging, subject to military
authority, charged with offences for acts
dooe in their military capacity, or pur
suant to orders from proper military au~
thority, and to proteet from suit or prose
curion all loyal citizens or persous charg
ed with offences done against the rebel
forces directly or indirectly during the
existence of the rebellion; and all per
sous, theén agents or employees, ebargod
with the occupancy of abandovned lands
or plantations, or the possession or cus+
tody ot any kind of property whatever,
who occupied, used; possessed or con
trolled the same pursuant to the order of
the Presiaent, or any of the civil or mili
tary departments of the government, and
to protect them from any penalties or
dangers that may be pronounced or ad
jadged in said courts in any of such
cases, and also protecting colored persons
from prosecuti: s in auy of said States,
charged with offences for which white
persons are not prosecuted or punished in
the same wanner or degree. By com
mand of
Lieutenant General GrainT
E. D. Towosend, Ass't Adj't General.’
Tae Freeonan’s Burpsv Birr.—A
bill relating to the Freedmen's Bureau
has been introduced into the Senate by
the Judicigry committee: It provides for
the continuance of the bureau, and its
extension to all parts of the United
States where freedmen may be, For this
purpose, there are to be twelve freed~
men's districts, with an Assistant Com
missioner over cfch, - with sub-districts,
aud the necessary clerks The Presi«
dent is authorized to place the whole, if
he deems it best, under officers from the
army, and to give all employees of the
bureau military protection. For desti
tute refugees and megroes, the Secretary
of War is authorized to issue provisions,
fuel and clothing.
The bill gives the President authority
to reserve for the freedmen and Union
refugees unoccapied lands in Florida,
Mississippi and Arkansas, not excceding
in all 3,000,000 acres of good iand. Each
family or laborer is to have forty acres, at
such rent as may be agreed upon be
tween the Commissioner and the freed
men. After a time, the tenants can pur
chase and own the lands om valuation—
this latter to t e determined by the Com
missioner, under the direction of the
President. The titles granted under
Gen. Sherman’s special order of January
16, 1865, are coufirmed and made valid.
The pauper freedmen—now decpending
on the Government for support—are to
be provided with such lands in the differ
ent distriets as the United States may be
abie to purchase, aud the Commissioncr
shali build upon them such schools and
asylums as may be necessary; and from
time to time he is to let and sell those
lands to the freedmen, in the same man=
ner with the pullic linds; provided,
however, that the lots shall never be sol]
for less than the eost to the United
States. Another section authorizes the
Presidest to extend military protection
to the freedmen in all cases of laws mak
ing diserimination against them on ac
count of color; and still aunother pre
seribes punishment for subjecting freed
_men to slavery. The bill is now being
‘discusved in the "Senate. - City Paper,
A few years 2go a man under trial for
murder in. Western New York ssserted
that blood stains on an axe found in his
possession were from a dog whica he bad
killed. The case was referred to Pro
tessor Hadly, who was purposely kept
n ignorance of the circumstances. Sub
witting the blood staing to microscopic
ingpection, he decided they were from
a dog, thus confirming the poor Mean’s
testimony.
NO. 3.