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"70 L. lo
(e Togol Grorgian,
| UGUSTA, GA , FEBRUARY 17. 1866.
pLISHED EVERY SATURDAY MORNING
r By the
G. E. R Publishing Association.
THOMAS pP. BEARD; Agent ,
e, coTRET of Jackson & Ellis Ste, Augusta, Ga.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:
006 JCAT <os csswsnsssnssapss B 00
Six Months. siiiie ieiaidins 179
~ Always in advance.
IMPORTANT ORDERS."*
feap'Qrs DEPARTMENT OF M
CrarLEsTON, Jan. 17, 1866 g :
weneral Orders, No I.]
[ To the end that civil rights and
ounities may by enjoyed; that kindly
(Jslions among the inbabitants of the
e may be established ; that the rights
.0 duties of the employer and the free
yorer respectively, may be defined;
Lst the soil may be cultivated and the
stem of free labor fairly und.rtaken;
at the owners of cstates may be secure
) the possession of their lands aund tene
suts; that persons able and willing to
ork may bave employment; that idleness
od vagramey may be discountenanced,
ud encouragement siven to indushy and
hrift; and that hu'nane provision iway
e made for the aged, itfirm and destitite
_the followiug regulations are establish
. for the governmeut of all concerned iu
Lis Department: A
1. Al laws shall be applicable alike
5 all the inhabitants. No person shall
e beld incompetent to Sue, make com
laiut, or 10 testify, because of color or
aste.
, 111, All the employments of husban—
-y or of the usefu’ arts and all lawfal
rades or callings moy be followed by all
jersons, irrespective of color or caste;
or shall any freedman be obliged to pay
ny tax or any fee for a license, nor be
Emouab}e to any municipal or p:xrish
«diance, nob imposed ;upon all other
lersn’ 18,
I LV. The lawful industry of all persons
who live under protection of the United
States, and owe obedience to its lams, bes
g us ful to the individual, and essential
1o the weifare of society, no person will
le restrained from secking cmployment
shea not bound by voluntary agrecment,
wor hindered from traveling trom place to
place. on lawful business. All combina~
tous O agreements which are.iutended
v hivder, or may operate as t 0 hinder,
inay way, the employment of labor—or
o limit compensatiou for labor—or to
woupel labor to be involuntarily perform
elin certain places or for certain per
wns; as well asall combinations or agree
meuts to prevent the sale or hire of lands
or tenements, are declared to be misde~
newors; and any person Or persons con
vicel thereof shall be punished by .fine
not exeeeding five hundred dollars, or by
inprisonment, not. to exceed six months,
iby both such fine and. imprisonment.
V. Agrcements for labor ot persoval
ervice of any kind, or for the use and
weapation of lands and tevements, or for
uy other lawful purpose, between freed
wand other persons, when fairly made,
wll be impartially enforced against either
ety violating the sawe. |
VL Freed per-ons unable to labor, by
tason of age, or infirmity, and orphan.
tildren of tender years, shall bave allot
el wthem by the owners suitable quar
ters o the premises where they have
bees heretofora domiciled as slaves, until
4dajnate provision, approved by the gene
:;i é‘(t)tr:manding, be made for t'em by
a tate or Local authorities, or other-
Mise; and they shall not be removed
g;}':vzfii Priflf!&ses unless for disorderly
i misdeme:nor, or otbér.ofi'ense
witted by the head of a family or a
tember thereof.
VII. Able-bodied freedmen, when
ey leave the premises in which they
Wy be domiciled shall take with them
W provide for such of their relatives
%by the laws of South Carolina, all
"iens are obliged to maintain. .
' VL. When a freed person, domiciled
" Yantation, refuses to work there,
after baving been offered employment by
the omper gp lessee, on fair terms ap-
Proved by the Agent of the Freedmen’s
Bureas, “such freedman o woman shall
"% from the premises within ten days
ter sach offer, and due motice to remove
7 the owner or oecupant; 0
P IX. When able-bodied freed - persons
" domiciled on premises -where they
ve been heretofore held as slaves, and
- 2o@ employed thereon ‘or elsewhare,
ey _shall pe permitted " to' rémain “on
'b"'“’g to the esgtisfaction of the com-
‘nianding officer of the post, that they have
'ml.tdo diligent and proper efforts to ob~
tain employment: - 1 oo
LK ,v?rlfiqu persons. occupying premises
without “the authority of t.%x'e United
States; or the permission of the owner,
and who bave not been beretofore held
‘there as slaves, way be removed by the
commanding officer of the post, on the
complaint of the owner, and proof of the
‘rofasal of raid freed poursons te remove
alter ten days’ notice. = T
XI. Aoy person employed or domis
ciled on a plantation or elsewhere, who
may be rightfully dismissed by the terms
of agreement, or cxpelled for mishehavior
shall leave the prcmir’&*, ‘and snall not
retura without the conseut of the owner
or tenant thereof.
XII. Commanding officers of districts
will establish ~withio their commands,
respectively, suitahle = regulations for
biring out to labor, for & period not to ex
ceed one vear, all vagrants who cannot
be advantageously employed on roads,
fortifications ~and other pullie. works.
The procceds « f such labor shall be paid
sver to the Assistant Cowmmissioner of
the Freedmen's Burcau, to provide for
aged and ificm refuzees, indigent frecd
people aud orphan cbildren.
XITL. The vagraut laws of the State
of South Carolina, applicable to irce
white persous, will be recognized as the
ouly vagrant laws applicable "o the freed:
men, nevertheless such laws shall ot be
considercd applicable to persons who are
without empio_vt’n‘cnt, if they shall prove
that they have been unable to obtain
employment aiter diligent efforts to do so,
XIV. It shall be the daty of officers
commanding pests to see that issues of
rations to freedmen are corfined to destis
tute persons who are uuable to work, be
cause of infirmities arising from old age,
or chrouic diseases, orphan childreu too
'young to work, and refugee freedmen re~
tuiuing to their homes with the sanction
of the proper authorities ; and in order
ing these issues, commarding officers will
be carefal not to encourage ‘idlencss or
vagrauey. - District commanders will
' mauke consolidated reports of these issues
trismonthly. ;
XV. The proper authorities of the
S_l-utc in the several munmieipalities and
dist iets shall proceed to make suitable
provision for their poor, without distines
tion of eolor: in default of which, the
gene:al eommandmyg willlevy an ejuitable
tax on person and property sufficient for
the ~upport of the poor.
XVI. The constitutional rights of all
loyai and well-disposéd inhabitants to
| ear arms will not be infringed ; nevers
theless, this sball not be construed to
sanction the unlawful practice of carry
ing conccaled weapons, nor to authorize
any person to enter with arms on the
p emises of another against Lis consent.
No ene shall bear arms wh) bas borne
arms agzamst the United States, unless be
shall have taken the Amuesty Oath pre
seribed. in the Proclamation of the Presi
dent of the United States, dated May
<Oth, 1865 or the Oath of Allegiance, pre
seribed in the Proclamation of the Presi
dent, 'dated December Bth, 1863, within
the time prescribed . therein, Aud mo
disorderly person, vacrant, or distu:ber
of the pease, shall be allowed to bear
arms.
XVIL To secure the same equal jus
tice aud personal liberty to the freedmen
as to other inhabitauts, no pevalties or
punishments different from those to which
all persous are amendable shall be im~
posed on freed peoplo; and all crimes
and offenses which are prohibited under
sxisting laws shall be understood as pro~
h:bited in the case of freedmen; and if
committed by a freedmen, shall, upon
conviction, be puvished in the same man
ner as if committed by a white man.
XVIIL. Corporal punishment shall not
bé inflicted upon any person other than a
miuor, and then ouly by the parent, guar:
dian, teacher, or the one to whow _ the
caid minor is lawfully bound by indenture
of apprenticeship. '
'XIX. Persous whose conduct tends to
a breach of the peace may be required to
give security for their good behavior, and
7o default thereof shall be held in castody.
XX. All injuries to the person or
property comm{tted by or upon freed per
sons, shall be puvished in’ the'same mans
per provided by the laws of South Carolina
for like injuries to the persons or pror
perty -of citizens thereof. Tt nu' provision
be made bxtbe laws of the' State, then
the’punishdent for such offenses shall be
according to the course of the common
law; and in the case of any injury to
person ‘‘or property, not prohibited by
the common law, or for which the pun~
ishment shall not be appropriate, such
setitened shall be imposed as in the dis
.eretion ‘of the court before which the
trial is bad, shall be deemed proper, sub-
Augusta, Ga., Saturday, February 17, 1866
jeet to the approvalof the general com-
MSDAIDL. T., e Bitn hadiiaigrd :
XXI% All arrests, for whatever cause,
will'be reported tri-monthly; with the
proceedings thereupon, throuch the pre.
seribed channel, tothe geperal commans
; éX‘[l.’ Commaiding officers of Dis
tricts, sub<Districts and Posts within
their commauds respectively, in the abs
sence of the daty appointed agent, will
perform any duty appertaining to the
ordinary Agents of the Bureau of Refa
gees, Freedwen and Abandoved Lands,
carefully observing for therr guidance a'l
orders published by the Commiss ouer or
Assistant Con missioner, or other com
petent authority. . -
XXIIL District commaunders will en
force whese regnlatious by suitable ins
structions to subsDistriet and Post ¢om~
manders, taking care that justice be doue,
that fair dealing between man and man be
observed, aud that no unaecessary hard.
ship, and no cruel or unusual punishments
be imposed upon any one., ;
By command of Major General D E
Sickles
0 W. L. M. Burcer,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Official : Alexander Moore, Brev. Ma
jor and Aid-de-Camp.
Bureav oF R F & A DLanbps,
Orrice Act Asst Com STaTROF Gay
Avcusta, Ga, Jan. 16, 1866.
Ciecurar No. 2 ' :
. 1. The demand for labor in this State
excceds the supply,; therefore uvo coun
tracts will be niad: in the compulsory
manner described in Paragraph 3, Cir
cular No. 5, series of 1883, from this
Office, except the full compeusation men
tioned in Paragraph 2'of the same Cir
cular is g_riveti A special ‘report of all
such (ontracts will be promptly 1w ade
to this Office. _ f
11. Agents will promptly report to
th.s Offi-e or tothe nearest Commission
er of the Bureau, all vagrauts who can~
vot be provided for in the munver pres
scribed in the proceeding Paragraph.
Davys Tiusox,
Briz Gen Vols Acdidest Com.
Approved:
Jno, M. Brannan,
Brev't Maj. Gen U.S. V
Cowmanding Dep’t of Ga.
Official:
W. W. Deang, A. A. G.
Bureauv o R.. F. & A. L.
Office Act. Ass't Com. State of Ga,
AtcusTa, Ga., Fes 1, 13066
OirncoLar ;
No. 3
I. Since the promulgation. of Cireular
No. 5, Series of 1865, from this office,
the demand for labor has become very
great, and the freed people have mani
fested almost umiversal willingness to en~
ter into fair and reasonable eontracts,
rendering the provisions of I'ar. 3 of
said Circular comparatively unnecessary ;
therefore, and to prevent possible injus
tice to the freed people, the said Pur.
3, together with so much of Circular No.
2, current scries, from this office, as con
templates the enforcement of said Par,
are hereby revoked. Agents of this
Bareau will promptly report all vagrant
freed people in their districts to this
office, or to the mearest commissioned
officer of the Bureau in this State, and
will further make a speeial report of all |
cases where freed people have been
hired out in the manoer prescribed in
Par. 3, herein revoked.
11. Reliable information has reached
this office, that partiesare making private
contracts with freed people and: not pre
senting them for approval—partly to avoid
the payment of reasonable wages, and
‘partly to evade the payment of the small
fee allowed citizen agents for their servi
cos. One of the most importaut objects
bad in view by the Bureau i appointing
‘citizen ageuts,. a 8 provided by a Rcsolu-l
tion of the Georgia State Convention, 1s
the securing of reliable, profitable labor,
and it cannot allow its just requirements
to be set aside, or evaded, to gratify 'a
few selfish people; therefore, offizers and
agents are forbidden to give any- aid or
assistanee in enforcing contraets which
have not béen approved by the bureau.
Neither will they permit others to use
any force or punishment to compel freed ‘
people to comply with sueh contracts.
TII The attention of officers and
agents, and all parties interested,is call
ed to the latter part of Par. 6 of Circular
No. 2, series ot 1865, from this office, to
wit ;—** Persons who refuse or neglect to
wake ‘weritten contracts for mext year
with the freed people employed by them,
will be required, stould avy dispute arise
as to the compensation to be allowed, 0
pay the highest wages given tor the same
kind of lubor in their ueighborhood or
section of country.” ¢
Ve PO YIS FILLSON, £
Brig Gen. Vuls. Ner. asst. Com.
[ e ®
THE SAVANNAU D.;ULY HER
ALD AND ‘NEGRO SUFFRAGE.
: . Savaxnan,Jan. 23, 1866,
To the Eduar of the Leyal Georgian :
S I noticed not lon;? sinc~ an article
in the Savaunah Daily Herald, on ‘Nes
gro Suffrage,’ and believing vour paper
to be an ndependant, Journal, aud one,
too, that is liberal ‘enough to give both
sides a hearing, I beg leave, as one identi
fied with the race in question, to refute
some of the arguments used, and to set
the editor of the Herald right, as to some
of his assertions about the colored peo-~
ple.
The writer eommences his article by
the ridicuious remark that ‘General Grant
and Sherman agreed with Senator Doo~
little, that the forcing the elective fran- |
chise on the negro, would breed a war of
races’ In the first place, I believe
General Grant too sensible a man to make
any snch remark. And suppose be did,
where did the General, or any onee else,
see anythiug in histury, past or. present,
to prove the assertion ? [ believe Genes
ral Giant is the greatest geueral of the
age; and he has the good sense to at
tend to military matters, and let others
look out for politics. Bat the politicians
have been trying all kinds of means to
get him to. make a public speech, so as to
draw out of bim something to cowdort
them. Failing, however, in that dirgg
tion, ‘they are now trying to 'distor'a
private conversation of his, into an op
position to ‘negro suffrage.” Butwhether
their efforts will result in stopping the
ball thatis in motion, time alone will tell.
While 1 admit there may be many of
the fretdmen who are incapable of fully
appreciating their political sratus,if ad
mitted to the enjoyment of the ‘Eleetive
Franehise,’ stiil, it must t'e conceded that
they ‘are in that respeet no worse ofi',‘
thap six teuths of the white people iu
the Southern States. ‘
The writer says, further, that ‘the
fortunes of war have bestowed freedom on
4000,000 slaves. . Bat I deny that the
colored people lately libera:ed from abject
slavery, are free, according to the true ‘
acceptation of that term, as applied by |
that moniter of our liberties ‘the Deelara
tion of Indepeudence. Nor do Ibe
reve that the ierald 13 correct when it
says that ‘the fact is accepted wilout a
murmer or question by the white popula
tion of the South. FKor, on the eon
trary, we fiud, if we are to julge from
the ' actions of the different Southern
Legislatures, that instead of accepting
what should be considered the fiat of
Heaven, they are trying all manuer of
ways to reestabl’sh slavery in anocher
form. As, for example, notice the vag~
rant laws lately passed by many of them,
as well as many other laws of the most
oppressive kind. But there is one argu~
ment the Herald made use of, thatis
calenlated to'excite the risables of the
freedmen themselves. He says, ‘those
who are truly and conscientious'y desirous
to promote the well-beiug of the Freed
men of the South, as we are, know that
the first thing' to be done is to educate
them in the arts of labor.” Now, sir, I
should like to know what more training
‘they need than they have had all their
lives? For, umless the writer reacous
that the slave driver’s whip, (which has
kept its vietims laboring from early dawn
of day to late in tle evening,) has pro
duced & diggust for labor, it mnst be con~
fessed that they have had traininz crough
in that direction; ‘and, wmore especially,
as it has not yet bad the effect of pro~
ducing babits of industry. Now, 1 know
there is one thing connccted with this
matter' that it scems all parties agrec
upon, and thas is, that the ‘negro ®uust
werk.” Waell, lam one of those who be
lieve it quite necessary for bim to work;
and while T am certam tiere are many.
that will loaf about and do as little as
‘po sible, still, I believe that those who
ihave' worked, and succeeded in taking
care of them-elves and their masters, are
capable of takmg care of themselves, if
allowed fair play « And, 1 sabwit, that
‘the freedmen are’ not ‘incempetents,
from lack of knowledge, tosuppurt them
selves by their own labpr‘;’ and that'the
great amount of suffering awong them,
dependis upon circumstances throwu
atound them by the war; aod a deters
‘mination on the part of the late slave
ho ders notto deal fairly by them. Well
|'might the Rev John Pierpout, the poet
Si),y yisis § 1 b {
‘?ur tobaceo they plant, and our cotton
Aud our rice they can harvest and thrash,
They feed us in health, and they nurse
‘us when sick, ¥ i
And they earn, while we pocket, our, cash.
Phey lead us when'young, and the help
us whenold;, ' & n
Aud their toil loads cur tablesand sh®ives;
But they're ‘niggers ;’ and ‘herefore, (the
“truth must be told) :
They eonnot take care of themselves.’
The Herald refers to army officers who
have been stationed in different parts of
the South to sustain his position ; and in,
following his example, I will refer to the
speech of Major General Weughburn,
delivered iv ‘Tenuessee, as far ba k as’
20th of last May. In his speeeh, the
General urges five principle points, relas;
tive to the colored man in nis new status;
and says as follows: ‘Tt cannot be un'
known to you' that there is a spirit of
feverish ‘uneasiness and disquiet in the
winds of the colored people. Not a.
vicious spirit, but a feeling which arrises
in a great degree fron the anxiety asto
their future. ~Do not suppose that I am
suggesting to them any new ideas, or ens
couraging them to make exactions which
they would otherwise not make. There
are among them many persons of “con~
siderable intelliegence, ‘and they are dis
cussing coustantfl)y ~questions in regard to .
their future welfare, aud there are certain
things which they claim as rights, and
will eontinue to claim, until they are ecom
ceeded. . Among these demands the most -
and per'.aps the otly important ounes, are,
Ist. The right to ¢ducate their children '
at their own expence, or, if taxed for
schools, that they -may have their proper
shave of tax raised for schools exprnded
for their benefit, 2d. The right to pur
chise ‘and hold real estate. 3d, E‘he
right to testify in eourts’ of justice when
either the interest of colored or white .
men art involved. 4th, The right of
saffrage. Now, can these demauds be
acceeded to without danger to the State?
Ci#' they not be granted with positive
advantage, and greatly to the public
prosperity and safety ? Tf they ean, the
sooner the better.,” He dwelt especially
upon the ‘Elective Fraschise 3 and shid *
as follows: ‘Tue only reason that ean
now be assigned for denying the free men
who are subject®o your laws, and pay
taxes to support your (overnment, a
voice in making those laws, wmust be that
they are ignorwut and degraded, and not
Possessed of sufficient mjd(}.rstanding to
exercise the privilege intelligently. Sup
pose, then, that you restriet the right to
those who can read aud write Is not the,. .
colored man who can both read and
writd a 3 capable of ‘voting as the white
man who ean' do peither ? I think you
will agree with me shat be is, Sofar, then
we regard the question as settled. Let
us, then, gd a little farther. The Govern
ment of the United States had elaims upn
me, and upou you, when it was assailed,
for we had always received shelter and
protection beweath the prosd anl ample
folds of its starry banner. Not so the
colored man They owed the Govéri~
ment no debt. Lt never gave them king«
doms, or called them children Yet
when it was assailed, and in its darkest
hour, they freely and voluntarily bared
their bosoms to the shafts of battle, aud
have fought for the preservation of our
country like heroes. Lt me then ask if
these men, upon whom Governmeat has
no claim, who bave risked their lives to
prescrve it, are not entitled 'to as much
consideration as those wuo have risked
everything to destroy i ?” Aud he tur
ther said ‘[ always like to take a prae
tical view of every question. I have al
ready said, that in wany of the Soutlern
>tates, colored men were formerly alowed
to vote without detriment to the pubiie
welfare. =ln the neighboring provinge of
Canada, beneath the red ‘eross of St
George, and uunder the most -enlizhtened
and powerful vation upen tke earth. after
our own, there sare forty thousand
voters, and in oue large distriet, kuown as
the ‘Queen’s thush;’ there is a larze ma
jority of eolored voters | Yet they have
felt no ill effeets, in that provinee, from
giviug the megro; the right of suffrage
without resiriction. Nor has the faet
that that provioee has been go liberal ta
the colored man been found an objection
‘by the thoustnds’ of Seuthers men, many
of them the very pink of chigalry ‘who
‘bave sought refuge there.” .
~ Now, sir, it beboves the people of
' Georgia' to lo¢ k“this qiicstion well in the
f ce, and'to be preparcd o' meet it in &'
statesmanitke and patrivtic wanter; aud
in order to ensble them to do ro the wore
fully, let them look back to the old re”
volution, when Georgia was the last Sta'e
to cast her lot in the scale of revolatiou,
with Mass cbus tis aud. other. coioniss,,
‘who deteriived to tirow off (uerr alle 4.
Continued on Fourth Luge. o
KO. 5.