Newspaper Page Text
V
I
gw y j<r.auo
CfUSR
PIHENIX, AJJfD BNIMANN’ ADVOCATE.
•’Kl.VTED rXDHK I UK rAT!K'X.V(>!:, AND Foil THE UENEF1T OF THE < HEROKEE X^TIOX, AM) DEVOTED TO THE CAUSE OF INDIANS.
—» .A——, ■. ~ ■■>,■
I . liOUUIXOTT, KDITOK.
V
II,
~~r
i
miW ECHOM, WEDNESDAY £6, 1 £29,
NO.
r?: i VI l.o 'VI I KI.V BY
John r. ir///;/;/./;// :
J jO if paid in a Ivanro, in s-.\
, or 8.) 50 if pail at the* end of tin;
finemeiit, was purchased of them or
obtained with their consent. Afte*
tho adoption of the constitution of the
.lonth
■t?a r.
To -uli
Cln-oko”
i\i t U ***. <»:' ^ 2. jit t*J : i
' far.
Eu'h s.il»- •ri}'ti*»;i will bo consider
« outiuni'll ,iin **s <;iie ’riDcr- givc not n*
tf»''conirai v b-f >r<» th ■ ‘omnorirvm
ribers who can read only the
in ,r na >|C I!» * pr.ro will lie 2.00
Ik? ilaid w itii.n t li
as
t o
■ fir" th ■ ‘'liiiiieocenn'nt if a
jew year,and all arrearages paid.
\nv iier**in procuring six snbscri’icrs,
and becoming responsible for the payment,
vh.cl recciv .* .i seventh gratis.
\d\crtisemcids will be ins** t<* ! at seven-
t .-live cents » er sijuare for the first inser-
flon. am' thirls-seven and a half cents for
* ;l ch cominuance: longer ones in propor
tion. ^ _
j=» Vll letter^ addressed to the Kditor,
paid, will receive due attention.
a iv y » o' .* u re a j) n f. s ; ? r, c^ <s .1 .
t -ouxa.i t v.op v r Uufn \.i o4*.t.
in.if: .inc51».i.t y ivT.i n.’F fo.iiu
e4-t l TtTZ 1 MAH'
T . 4 Mil r^0‘.\ TB
r,*sl f; IMH.1 f'4 T.r
I'uited ‘States, the duty ot negotiatm
with the Indians devolved on tho go
vermneat, and has ever since
ed with it. The Indian tt il
l«'»*r».i 'ic .IK! mi<[
ni a He
tlieifi passthrough the ear into the j hut also provided, “that if a citizen
heaift. Cany them home to your of the United States attempted to set*
people; and as long as you remember
your visit to the father of the eighteen
lircsj, remember these are his last and
best words (o von !
wav from them, in direct opposition
to the remoiistanees of the United
States Agent, and under forms of jus-
considered as deiiaet
dent. Treaties were
ed, an I bv w hich
their s»ivereign!-\
within tho-e limits was distinctly re
i
tie on these lands, he might be pun
ished by the Indians, according to their j lice more insulting to justice itself,
<>.vn laws.” In 1791, another treaty j than the most barefaced violence.—
ce remain- j best,.words to you! ! was concluded between the United j What! in the 19th century, in this
iocs were , Hint the “straight and good talk ' of States and the Cherokees, by which j land ol light, undertake to decide up ■
I it o pen- , il| ( *i)nv President is couched in diller- | lj ,e boundary line was fixed, and all on the rights of a fellow being, and
in- { lands not ceded, were solemnly vet exclude him and ail his friend?,
lie guaranteed to ihe I herokee nation, and all who possess the same tom
it was further provided, that all cili-
land, j
‘ v,( • i cut j.iiigu-ige, and is
i **•"*», *»y »vl»i':h «ltc boiuU.irirs oft licit- j liniqtton of a distinct
! l(M’itorios went a linitte.1 an I iv-iila, ! policy Horn that wiiic
> apparently an
mid opposite
cognize?! an i acKuottim
governnie it wen' fai (her;
a system of measures foi
put. 1 Ilf
it adopted
teaehioL
|M Clji, iic»l.
h has hitherto
Yiwr demanding the s.,i- ; zei, s settling *m the Cherokee
plexiun, from giving testimony in the
No wonder that the venue*
re idler «»l certain Indians who had
P I* «*>.!•
I 1 K 1
u?.r^ c i.z t v, y w
t !i * * •: i llie arts oj‘ civilized lift*, for
making them a stationary and agrieul
tural people, a*i,! i‘or esiablislii.ig th an
as a civilized nation, within the limbs
secured by treaty. YYfiile many cf
the numerous tribes who once in!) ibif-
ed the country, have even under th’s
system of policy disappeared, s on »
have hitherto shared a different fa
h -eil eoiicerned in the murder of a
.viiite person, toe I*.esi eat goes on
to jibiiit out the dau-ers to which the 1
tv Hi i!ie wiiiics. k 'Whore voii an
case:
d forfeit the jirolection of the , was given against the poor ludians,
-d States: and that any citizen | i in* whole conduct of Georgia hi
i relation to these people, since the ac-
P
anv
*\ mil
i
. . lt> - ! par; jot vuur nation iihs gone, v
m l have encouraged their friends t
00 i lo
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i m I M
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and j
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A'Z f ' d of t hr* ^
FOK 'IT IK CilKUOKEK
FIlCLNiX.
1 h' following person* ar- nutb * ;, i
• • • \ subscription - and pa meats f
iii ok' e Phxuiv.
MI’;:no a Wicr ? :c : . X
.o-kef St. lb.»<lan. Ma*s.
I.vo’-of. M. Tin v.
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)!. (» . no.- - O- i?j - ; »sv !! - • V-
W < : !. • A 1 A!. ' *A ’ .1
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Mr. IbiLn. (?. (To o. (an iunorsm
•i.t ,n. )
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I to
1 be
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- hone that a remnant of the ahorh
j of America might yet he saved,
! rescued from ignorance and bai
ism. ’fiie ( herokee Indians,
! ticularly, have made rapid
I vances in civilization. Under tiir
i heuclicent policy which o ir g«>v-
‘ ctnmcnl has adopted toward them.
! they have exchanged a wand-n i g foi
! a stationary life; have su stituted
a rriculture for the rjiase, and )•. vc a-
dopted those modes of subsist ;i.*o
which the example of the w!»ites i \j
taught th'-m to prefer to their own
lion Id forfeit the
j I aitc
! of the United States committing
ouciice within tile (^herokee tcii-»tr»ry,
I i tajins arc expose,} by their proximi- j should ue punished as u the same had
been committed “within the jurisdic
tion of the .state, or district, to which
he m :v belong, against a citizen
thereof. By another frentv, in 179M,
alter a further cession of territory!, the
I niter! State's agreed to continue the
guarantee ot the remainder *.f their ' est. and most sordid of the human pas
paid |of your nation has gone, your fa- j country forkvkr. Subsequent trea- j sions, and sharpening still more the
th.*. ;hio j.i.• v \.rA a countr) large e- • ^‘ t3 ' l!S iT*cently as 1819, expressly teeth of avarice, by providing for it?
noag.h for all of von, and he advises j ro:, tirmed the old treaties. And yet j distribution by Ictiery. W ith mour
you I » remove to it in that countiv \ ^ ie Secretary declare s that thes ‘ ! tains of geld set before their imagine
yo.irj fatlier, the Urcsiileo!, now prom- ‘ U’oatirs merely confirm the right of; tioD', who can wonder that the vision
rolect von, to feed vou, and j U£,n T I* U! and fix the limits of* of the people (with .some few honors*
| - iys;lit; T : * you and my
at i to » hear ox • <-'her to
| niony aijd peace. \ our
i Siiuyed ioiil many vour })fcopiewili
ciJiiuien i
ive m bar- j
game is de- j
riot \Vor.v
ihj ireal
n.l iiil the earth
i i\ er ' V Iississij>pi
Beyond j
w here a j
cession of tl G. M. Troup” to the
chair of government, has been \ ioient
and unmerciful in the extreme. The
Arch-enemy himself could scarcely
have hit upon a better plan for aehiev
ingthe triumph, than the projector
dividing the spoil individually among
the people; thus appealing to the low-
o
to shield v.»;i from all » u roachmetUs. i hunting grounds; and that the j blc exceptions) was dead to the right.*
Wdert? you n ».v I've, wmr uliite bro- ! { !, ‘ ? ' l d States have no power to inter- j and sufferings of the Indians;—tho*
I, 1
mers ha
All i |?ga.
" t
Manv c»f them are tin* ouihm'.s of he' s
es, sbof cattle and goats. ( off m
is cultivated among them to a consid
erable' extent, and exnorted S»y some
of them in boats to New-Orleans.—
ui now
.? a! claimed the land.
, u Mv cbildmi, listen. My j
ii.g Cl ddren in Alabama have ex- !
tended ihcis* hwv o\*cr vour country, j
If ' oA rmnain in it \ ou must be sub* ■,
j«*ct :lo their law.' 'flic letter of j
r. pecretary Katon goes still fur- j
tnerJ It uot o dy defends tin? claims
d Gporgia to the Indi.Mi lauds, but !
white population,
only remedy for the
*• ! fere to ; revent their expulsion by the i they resisted the government of th*
state. Our new* rulers have diseov- : United States, and did iS,eir part to^
ered that the Indians are too near the | warn? involving the country in all th-"*
and that the I iiorrois of a civil war. Such conduc*
evil is to drive • may suit the taste of some persons*
them from the soil which has been sc- and they may cail it “wisdom in coun*
cured to them ron.i \ i c, and o inpel j selling.and firmness incxecutinwj’Kbh^.
them to a new territory under a new | to us it appears more like the craft of
guarantee, which also to Jimi for- | a Maehi ivcl, and the laving of a rnadi
<:?•(/*, and which will be broken as i man.
soon as the
oil on
•red ; -
ft? a
’.MUM
C v k r
it ion.
\V i
u i
Viu
“u
i. .1 \
ll .o.k:; i sox
H dl-'bide. A
Cl,
icrii:
A w ot ih n cloths are manufae- .
ib»*m: the mechanic arts liave j
ioady iiitroiiuced to sonic* ex- i
, ai.d tin* whole nation not only 1
snows marks of improvement and
prosperity, hut proves conclusively
u !i i has beretofore been doubted, that I
expressly refuses outlie part of the
»■ epin.Mii In inte.li.rc in bclialf of as 1,10 ,u ' cwiveniencc
Ilia C'hcrokcrs. C.msi.iei in- Ihcm- I o( ,he "'“"l ,m '" »-««* ,ur il " f -
seives rieit 1 .] liv (lie altcnMt to iv 3 ; '?- I.tiiier 'bese tiificrcnl trea-
c\l>'btl (lie jurisdiction. t (iieoigia' over l li, '* l!ie Imllans have made rapid pro-
Cherokees had ap- !
icral government for !
• fjli
I
their, lands, the
jKHilcd to the
assistance and protecti n. T’be re
fusal ;of the government to comply with
this request. is founded on the facts,
that during tin* revolutionary war, tile
( hor-okees wete the allies of Great
Hritajin, a power w hich claimed e n
tire fjnven ignly within il*,e limits of!
i gross tow ard cn ilizatien, and have
escaped the annihilation which threat
ened to exterminate their race. If
they snoinit to ibis new outrage on
then rights, they t cm * tnusi follow
in
tne lootsteps of their hietlu en; thcii
confidence in the gaud faith and inleg-
iity of our government being iltstroy-
cd, everv incentive U> exertion will
and they tuc
unb; the
i ^ FI *5 8
rinj tlt !i Coiin.tctio.il ? I
THE INDIANS;
,I„. I,di .i.hiiiccu.rn.ay bo t^m.-.I j t|fe Ulil ^ 0 ,; a SbmV ili-it i ‘Jest t -<yool with it,
H. » In, ion li.mscll c.vil.zcl and j , (| > 0 lma(v of ,- <8t , „ jfl ^ j ivili d. socml to the 1.
c,u;/. o 'mi I p to the present tinu i ^ i * . ' • . . . 1 . - 1 1 j.m.u - n f ii,.,;,. n . ip u ;ii
• r . r r i i sow veigtev Within those limits was ,a(C ' 111
a uniform system am policy and good ( , . *- , r . . t1j . , ihroid ond histnrv w
■ . . . Medc l to the United States; and that , , k n,h{ h!bl0,> . u
mil
.11 lie scattered
V(
to
fiie
talk
ot
■ tiie
1
Ye
■si»i
.'lit of
the
f nited
State
s >
to hi
S 1
'C(l
chi
ildrt n,
and
the add
rcss of
Mr.
CL
ret
ary U;
it on
to the <
hero
ke
e de!
c -■
at i
OH.
nidi v* a
ie a
new sy
stem
of
nit a
su
IT?
• to
•v a rds
the
iborigii
ics of
our co
’ll!
try
1
, tliKl tl J)
(.li
v the reverse
or th
at
wl
del
l has hi
re-
idore been pursued by our govern-
nicnt. I nfotinnately for the savage,
‘u* has tver been the sulfercr, from
the march of ci\ ilization. As tho
white population increased in our
country, tliat. of the Indians has clirniu-
•shed; the tribes that t*nce iniiabited
it’i has been preserved by our go- , ,, , . . ...
i t i , v p I am ( herokee Jaials are within those
them; a pohey » •• . . . ,
. 1 , • limits, and consequently w ere mclud-
erl in the cession. r l lie occupation of
the soil subsequently, by the ln-
j tii.ms,. in the o})iuion of the Secretary,
j furnii'a s proof of nothing more than
... ... ... . ; the permission of this government that
do-1. I bis <*,sjms | t..m ^manifested j , !iev or<M1| , y ,| le U r. itorv; it is
. i i net Ha circumstance whence now to
ivitl. t!.c dilH'iTiit tribes; by die acts | ,, , 0 tll0St . stales the ex.-n-i.se of , ,
;■( ( impress nppropnatinu mmucs for j .. ; | sov . r. i- .»tv ” p, m-tb in- the I " s 11 !lial t,!0 P«arant«e giver,
their civilization; a.,,1 by the speech- j tl .g., ; P s w | lit .|, have at .iilibreiit times | "
cs which have !»ecn made to them bv 1 ,
uncut towards
\v!ii h had in view a sacred regard
treaties, and on earnest and benevo
lent wish to ameliorate the condition
ot th? Indians, and to extend to them
the comforts and blessings of civiliza
tion. This disposition is manifestes
bv treaties which have been made
iii only record
I of them that the Cherokees once ex
isted. And yet we do not see how
they can avoid submission. Persecu-
tod ami liamissetl by (ioor-ia, mid | i,y: nil'll!,o Atlieni:
denied the protection of* the general
govt•rnnienl, they have r.o alternative:
they must either > ield to the storm
ami bend before the blast; or, if they
dare oppose it, they must meet the
destiny of the red man, and die. To
different Presidents- Mr. Madison,
in a talk to them in 1812, urged them
to follow the example of the white
people, and to adopt (heir mode of uk-
In tins talk he
these lands, and roamed in savage in- lainnig sumsmU.mc ...
says, H have a lurther adwee to gave
my red children. Y ou sec how ihq
country of the eighteen fires is filled
with people. They increase like the
corn they put into the ground. They
all have good houses to shelter them
from all weathers, good clothus suita
ble to all seasons; and as for foot!, of
all sorts, you see they have enough
and to spare. No man, woman or
child, ever perishes with hunger. It
is in your power to be like them. I lie
ground that feeds one lodge by hunt
ing, would feed a great band bv the
plough and hoe. The Great Spirit
has given you, like your white hrelh-
i«i|H*ii;lencc through the forests, have ;
gradually receded beioic the step of
white man, or disappeared under
•lie influence of his temptations, until
scarcely a vestige remains, of the j
: ''D'.hIj who were once lords of the j
j ‘I* and exercised here the rights of j
sovereign and independent nations.—
I ie (li q>pcaranee of the hniiaus he-
iore iP.e white population, although it
aiav he considered as an acknowledg
ment of the superiority of a civilized
*° n savage life, was at an early peri-
! I viewed as a misfortune incident
1° the latter, and cHurts were made
n ) our ancestors to arrest its progress,
lll( l mitigate iis evils. Missionaries
vcr(‘ sent among them, who should
,( Htch them the arts of civilized life,
substitute the certainty of an agrieul-
Ml nd, for 11ic hazardous and contingent
success ot a predatory existence, and
foiiit them the path to heaven. Trea-
were made with them, which ar-
uowleilged their right of soil; and
ine territory which is now converted
110 !* ie abodes of civilization and re-
Kecn ;mado w ith them, Mr. Union cou-
'sidoi s them ns securing to the Indians
merely the riirbt of occupying th< 1 soil,
whhdut confcriiig any right to tl'c ex-
er^Sse of sovereignty . Tim hostility
of Georgia is attributed to an attempt
on tIii part of the ( herokees to oi-
ganizi* a government of their ow n; and
tiicy fire told bv way of consol.ition,
that tills has been the cause why the
state-of G(*orgia has departed from
the / A’fiCttrancc w hicii she* has so long
practised. The conclusion of this
i letter, like that of the •'■talk,” i3, that
the Indians must retire beyond the
Mississippi, or be subject to the laws
of the state. They are no longer to
be protected as they have been; they
must ‘abandon their homes, and their
improvements, and settle in the land
which has been provided for them,
or they have nothing to hope for from
them by the general government, is
about to be withdrawn, and that .he
faith of the l nited States, which has
i cen pledged for their protection, is
about to he placed with the thousand
promises w hich have been made by
the while men to the Indian, and
made hut to deceive and betray him
v
Io his ruin.
mi, good heads to conti it e, ..nd s y ug j ,j je government of the United States.
arms and actne »oi ics, use t it m Wc deny the construction w hich Mr.
like your brethren ot the eighteen
fires, and like them your little sparks
will grow into great fires. You will
he well fed, dwell in good houses, and
enjoy the happiness, for which you,
like them, w ere created. „ These are
the words of your father to his chil
dren. The Great Spirit, who is the
father of us all, approves them. Let
-Raton! [Hits upon the treaties with the
Cherokees. Instead of being confin
ed to iji bare permission to occupy the
soil, they expressly recognize the right
of the Indians to the exercise of sov
ereignty within the boundaries. 'The
treaty of Hopewell, made in 1U8J,
not only marked out the boundaries al
lotted for the Indian hunting grounds,
From t!a* N. Y . Journal of Cninntprcr.
Tin; ciiuiioivKius.
1 Y\ hat has been the patience and
forbearance of Georgia/ lias she
not waited twenty-seven years for
these tribes to remove, and evacuate
a territory of which they are only ten
ants at will?”
This is a part of a pert little para
graph which appears in a late num
ber of the Georgia Athenian.
We had said something of the con
duct of Georgia in w resting from the
defenceless Indians their lands, and
particularly of its last act of injustice
in seizing upon 1,167,360 acres of
Cherokee territory, under pretexts
which we now' venture to say will
never bear the light:—a territory
which, one year ago, no Georgian ever
dreamed of, as belonging to the State:
— a territory as truly and properly
the Cherokees’ as any other which
they possess:—a territory snatched a-
li is in vain to plead precedent it?
justification of sm h proceedings, un
less tiie Georgians are prepared U
defend the precedents themselves. >
r l he Athenian asks, “what has bei omc
ot the vast hordes oi Indian tribes
which formerly inhabited the stale ef
j -^ou ^ oik—what has bec ome of the
j great tribes of the* Delawares, the
j Iroquois, the Mohawks, the Oneidas.
| the Dnondagns, the Cayugas, the
j Senec as, and the Tuscaroros/” Sup
pose we should answer, that they have
been butchered, persecuted and op
pressed by the white man, till the
memory of (heir glory is written only
in the monuments of pasf generations*
ihat the conduct of the New Yorkers
im\ iii»ls them miliels ovci!r>stuig dis*
- race upon themselves and the eoitn--
ni therefore jus
tify U f e same or similar conduct in
the Georgians? Do they reek out
the worst examples of their neighbors
in the worst of timesj, as models for
imitation, and neglect whatever I st
noble or honorable oj- (Yee in their up
stitutions and conduct?
But we can assure the Athenian
that, ne\ ei, since wc have been upon
tiie stage, has any treatment been in
flicted upon the Indians in New York;
worthy of being compared, on the
scoie of cruelty and injustice, with
that of the Georgians towards the
( herokees. Never, during this peri
od, has a tribe, however small or de
graded, been depiived cf its lands, ex
cept with their own approbation and
consent. Here is the point. If the
United States could by fair and hon
est means persuade the Cherokees to
remove beyond Ihe Mississippi, we
would be the last to object: but when
by a treaty anterior to the compact
with Georgia for the purchase of their
lands “as soon as it can be done peace-
ahly and upon reasonable, terms,” the
same government “solemnly guaran
tied to the Cherokee nation all th'eir
lands not yet ceded,” we arc yet to
learn what is meant by the faith of
treaties, if this engagement is to bo
wantonly violated.
The policy of Washington, Jeffer
son and Madison, towards the Indians
was humane and benevolent. Aware
of the shocking injustice which mark
ed the conduct of our forefathers in
this respect, and desirous to make
some compensation to the remnant that
remained, they sought to induce them