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iittiittvaV Wall’s Ale van tvs,
Os the Campaign of the North Western'
Jinny, in the year 1813. Addressed to
the people of the United States,
No. XUI. I
As the letter of the Secretary of the de- i
partment of war of the 2lih of June, au- ’
thorized me to commence olfe naive opera- I
tio is, and gives assurances, in belulf of the <
government, to Ihe inhabitants of Canada, i
of protection, in tlieir persons, property, ’
and rights ; I shall now state the reasons,
which induced me to make the invasion, and <
issue the proclamation, when iht army land-]
cd on the Canada shore.
The authority given to commence offen
sive operations, was absolute. There was
no qualifications.—Nothing was left to my
discretion. I'he intention of this order is
very clearly explained, by another order!
contained in the same letter.
“ Should the force under my command:
be equal to the enterprise, consistent with]
the safety of our other posts, I was ardeivd
to take possession of Malden, &c.” In
this case, the authority was not absolute,]
but the measure was left to mv discretion.
If, therefore, I had not commenced, offen
sive oo ’rations, the expectations of the go
vernment would have been disappointed.
Situated, however, as this army was,
there were other verv strong reasons for the
measure. The enemy were erecting forti
fications on the opposite bank, directly op
posite to the town of Detroit. Ibis ba ik
Is a little in ne elevated, than the one on the
American side of the river. Had the ene
my, therefore, been permitted to have fin
ished the fortifications, and armed them
with cannon, the town of Detroit would
have been greatly annoved, and the situa
tion of the army made uncomfortable, To
A. . 1 UuAt. aiu' l *'." t' l *I. I.J p. tU O , t
thought both expedient and necessary. I’he
possession of b *tli banks, would give its (he
command of the river, and prevent the ene
my from sending supplies to the garrisons
on bake Union.
There were other objects, under the cir
cumstances 1 was placed, which render the
measure expedient. The delay of only one
or two days, in collecting and repairing the
boats, urn I in making the necessary prepar
ations increased the impatience, which had
been before manifested and it arose almost
to mutiny. This spirit was ftstered, and
inflamed generally by the officers of the
militia ; what the motives were, whether
they were an expectant »n of plunder, £ will
not pretend to say With many of them,
however, they proved to be an unsteady,
wayward spirit; as about two hundred of
them refused to accompany the at my, al
lodging as a reason, that by law, and by
their engagements, thev were not obliged
to march out of the LI. Sbues.
Another object, which I considered of
great importance, was, to preserve the neu
trality of the inhabitants nl Upper Cam
da, and (he siviges, and to prevent them
from joining the British standard.
I confidently hoped, when the inhabitants
beheld the A nericaii forces in the posses
sion of their country, and in a situation to
afford them protection, it would be a strong
inducement to them to remain quietly at
their homes, and take no part in the war.
1 believed, when the Indians discovered
the American standard elected on both
sides of the river, it would have a favoura
ble effect, and induce them to return to
their villages, ami take no part in a war,in 1
which they hail no interest. At this time
there was no information that Michillimack
inack had fallen, and there were some
grounds, that these expectations would ne
realized.
There was another reason, which most
powerfully urged me to take possession of
the enemy’s country. It was to draw from
it provisions and forage for the support of
my army, and to intercept, as far as possi
ble, the supplies from the river be Trench,
to the British garrison at Malden. In the
course of these memoirs, 1 shall exhi >it the
small quantities of provisions, which were
at Detroit, the s(h of July, on mv arrival
that none arrived afterwards, tint in the
Territory of Michigan, there was not a I
sufficiency for the inhabitants, and that the
whole stock would have been exhausted,
long before the capitulation, had not an ad
dttional supply been obtained from the in
habitants of Canada. The supply indeed!
was small, but it had a double operation p
as it increased our stock and diminished
that of tne enemy. It wa* Aiken princi
pally from mills on the river be Trench,!
where it had been prepared for the garrison
at Malden. 1 have stated these reasons,
for the invasion of Canada, nut that the go
vernment made it one of the articles of
barges against me. This indeed, could
iot have been done, because it was bv its
own order ; but I have done it to satisfy some
of my fellow citizens of its expediency, who
have attached blame to me for the measure,
under the circumstances, in which 1 was
placed. Had it not been done by the or
ders of the government, there is no doubt
it would have been one of the first charges
, _ ~
against me, for which I should have been
condemned.
These are the reasons, which induced me
to commence offensive operations, and not
with a view to storm the British fort at Mal
den, with undisciplined ami mutinous mili
tia. My letter to the Secretary of War,
which has been recited, is conclusive evi
dence on this subject, 1 repeat the words.
“ The British command the water and the
savages ; 1 do not thyik the force here c
qual to 'he reduction of Arnhertsburg, (the
[fort at Malden,) you therefore must not be
too sanguine.”
The following correspondence is perfect
ly unique. Why is it published? asksev"-
ry body. Is it to show to other nations how
well an officer of rank in <>ur navy, celebra
ted as a disciplinarian, and remarkable fur
exacting the strictest obedience from his
subalterns, can beard and brow beat, those
who are placed in authority over him ? The
worthy Commodore in penning his indepen
dent reply to the order of the Secretary,
must have forgot one of the most striking
incidents ofliis own eventful life
[ Nii-folk Herat I.
Navy Department, 27dv De . 1834.
Sir—Your letter of the 15th November
last, relating to he extraordinary transac
tions at Faxard t, in the Is'an I of Porto Ri-
Ico, on the —of that inoiuh, has been consid
ered.
i It is not intended, at this time to pro
nounce au opinion on the propriety of th s
'i transactions on your part, but their ini,nr
’ tance demands for them a full invesnga
■ lion, and you will proceed, without urine
cessary delay, to this place, to furnish such
ex plana'ion* a* may lie requir d of every
tiling connected with their cause, origin, pro
egress and termination. For that purpose,
; you will bring with you tlo>se officers whose
testimony is necessary, particularly Uieut.
Platt, and such written evidence as you may
supnpse useful.
You will return in such convenient vessel
as may he best spared from the squadron,
and on your leaving the station, you will
'deliver the command to Captain Warring
' ton, with all such papers, instructions, and
■ inf donation, as may be useful to enable him
•jin the most effectual manner to accomplish
1 ~U *l.o oUjruis fin wnicll Itie vi-»»rts oow un
* dei your command, were placed there.
’ I am, very respectfully, fixe.
SWIL. L. SOUTHARD.
» Com t David Dorter, Coalman ling )
U S, Naval Forces, IV. Indies, t
GutJ of Mexico, fyc, J
U. S. Ship John Adams, >
Thompson's Island, Jan. 30, 182.5. y
; '■'ir—l have the honor to acknowledge
' the receipt of your orders of 27di ult. io
forming me of your reception of mine of
[ the I.‘sth of November, relating t- what on
hTve been pleased to term “ tne extraor
dinary transactions at Faxardo,” and re
: calling me from my command for a full in
vestigation of m}'conduct in that affair.
’ Agreeably to your orders I shall leave
this place for Washington • without unne
' cessary delay,” and,have taken measures to
obtain all the testi nony necessary, and such
written e\idence as 1 supposed useful, a id,
' on my arrival in the U died States, shall
.’hold myself ready to justify my conduct in
every particular, not only by the laws of
nations and of nature, and by highly ap
proved precedent, but, if necessary, by the
orders of the Secretary of the Niuy.
To use the emphatic language of Mr. Ad
-1 ams, “ By all the laws of neutrali y and war,
as well as of prudence, and humanity,” I
1 was wirranted in chastising and intimolat-
I ing toe authorities of a place woo had not
only become the allies and protectors of
outlaws and pirates, but our active enemies,
bv the imprisonment and forcible detention
of an American officer, while in the per
formance of his du ies.—“ There will need,”
' [continues Mr. Adams.] “ no citation from
I I pnnled treatises or int unatioiul law, to
prove the correctness of this principle, li
| is engraved in adamant on the common
isense ot mankind. No writer upon the
laws of nations ever pretended to contra
diet it; none of any reputation or authority
1 ever omitted to insert it.”
I lam willing, sir, to submit, my conduct
i in this affair to (lie strictest investigation,
I and if I cannot fully justify it, I, shall cheer
■ fully submit to the severest punishment that
, can bo inflicted. But, if it shall appear
■ that Tne motives which influenced me were
; Collided in patriotism; that the necessity!
tor my conduct really existed, ami that)
liny vindication is written in every page of!
the law of nations, as well as the first law.
of nature, self-defence,” I shall then hope
1 that atonement will be made for this firci '
, file withdrawal, for an alleged (fence, from
my command, by restoring me to my for
mer station and allowing me to retire from
it in a manner m > e honorable, to mvself,
jand my country, and leas inj irious to mv
feelings and character. i
' Tins, sir, will be an aet of justice that I
[hope will not be denied to me.
1 have the honor to be, witlfgru|HMpect,
your obedient servant,
D. P(VhR.
Hon. Samuel L. Southard,
of the Navy.
Extract of a /"tier from Com. Porter to the
Hon. Secretary of the Navy, dated W ash
ington, March 16, 182 5.
“ Officers continue to make to me their
reports and to request of me orders. Not
knowing whether the Department still con
siders me in command of the West India
squadron, I have been at a loss how to act.
VV ill you be pleased to instruct me on the
subject.
“ I have the, honor to be with great res
pect, your obedient servant,
D. POUTER.
“ Hon. Samoel 1.. Southard .”
Extract of a letter from the Hun S. L.
Southard to Commodore Porter, dated
Navy Department, 16//t \larrh, 182.5.
“ Ii was the intention of the Department,
in ordering Captain Warrington to he West
Indies, to relieve you from the command of
the squadron there.
1 am respectfully, &r.
“ SAMUEL L. SOUTHARD.
"Corn. D. Porter.U. S. Vary—Present.”
V\w V*U\.aiv.
The follow! gt rrifi description of the es
lects of this desolating malady, during one
id its visitations in London, we copy from
Rothdan, Mr. (fih s last novel :
“ In its malignancy, it engrossed the ill of
all other in deities, and mgde doctors despi
cable Os a potency equal to death, it poss
essed itself of all his armour es, and was it
self the death fevery other mortal distem
per. The toui h, yea, the very sight of the
infected was dea Iy*.nd it- signs were so
sudden, that tam'd«-sVented in happiness at
their meals, have seen ihe plague-s, ot begin
to redden, andjj„ve wildly scattered ; em
selves for ever. The cement f socle ye as
isselved by it. M theis, when they saw
the sign of the infection on the babes a their
busmn, cast them from ihem wi abnor
rn're. Wild p ace-. were smiglit f»- shel
ter ; some went into slips md a irhpred
t themselves afar o( n th- waters. Pmr the
(angel that was pouring (he vial had a foot on
.jthe sea as well a< car d land. N
place was so wild, that the plague did not
| visit ; none so seer tha the q i k sight • i
pt*s 'nice did noi discover ; none could ll>
r that it did not overtake.
“ It was as il Heaven had repented the
I making ot mankind, and was shovelling
them all into the se) ulchre. Justice was
| forgotten, and her courts deserted. The
t- rrilied gaolers fled from the fel ns that
I weie in letters ; the innocent and the guilty
, leagued themselves together, a-nd kept with
, in their prisons for ’salelv ; the grass grew
. in t e market (ilac.es ; the cattle went moan
in ; up and down (he fields, wondering whal
had become of their keepers ; the r ioks a i I
he ravens came into tne towns, and built
heir nests in the mute helf b s ; siler.c ■ was
universal, save when some inlecled wretch
was s-eti clamouring at a window.
“ For a time II commerce was in coffins
and shrouds; but even that ended. Soiifi
there was none : churches and chapels were
open, but neither priest nor penitent enter
ed ; all w >nt to the charnel house. I lie
! sexton and the physician were cast in o the
same deep and wide grave; the testator
a.ul his heirs and executors were hnrleij
from the same cart into the same hole toge
thei. Fires became extinguished, as if it«
, element too hid expired; the semis of ihe
jsailoriess ships yawned to the sun. Tim’
( 'I ’"l's were open, and coffers unwatched,
t lit i e was no theft; all off nces ceased, and
no cnm. but toe universal woof the pesti
lence was heard of among men. The welis
overflowed, and the condu : ts ran to waste;
the dogs bandeit themselves together, hav
ing lost their masters, and ran howling over
all the land ; horses perished of famine in
their stalls ; old Mends but looked at one
another when th-v met, keeping themselves
tar aloof; little children went wandering
up and down, and numbers were seen dead
in all corners, N>r was it only in England I
that the pi igue so raged ; it travelled over
• a third part of the whole earth, like the
shadow of an eclipse, as if some dreadful
thing had ben interposd b-tween the
woi Id and the sun-souroe of 1 ile.■ 5 ’
, * * * * *
At that epoch, foi a short time there was
ia silence, and every person in the street, for
a moment stood sidl j and L hiUoil was as
dam ias i churchyard. Again the sound
of a bell was heard ; tor it w.is that sound,
so long unheaid, which airested the fugi
tive multitude, and raised tn-ii- silence.—
At the third toll a uiuve. -al shout arose, as
when a herald proclaims the tidings of a
gi eat battle won, and then there was second
silence.
i'he peopl foil on their k -ees, and with
anthems of tii.iukiulness rejoiced in the dis
jmal -mind ot that tolling d.-atli-bell ; for i
I was a signal of (he plague being so abited,
jiliat men might again mourn for their friends
■land It dlnw their remains with tiie solemni
ties of burial.
I
I Ji Remedy for (irPf. — Die Marshal de
M mdty m., in’. lined,- Mi.tt the i.' of pi
geons posse-sed a con-.ding vlrt ie ' ocn
cver this nobleman Ins friend >. i,iinn
be said tohi-.cn k, “Let mo hu •■us pi
g-mis for dine I-• da*. —1 have .<! v.i --i e-
I mark d (io idded )tnt after !i . 11 . _ ea ■ ,
two pigeons, I rose from die u,de much less
j Sorrowful.” i
P
In compliance with established usage, the
Board of Directors of the Free School pre
sent their annual report to the Society of the
actual cunditiortaMid future prospects of the
’ school.
This institutioir; which was indebted for
existence to that class in our community,
* ever foremost in the cause of active benevo
t lence, has, since the period of its organiza
• ion increased the number of its supporters,
i silenced the fears of the incredulous, and
, realizid for its friends their most sanguine
; anticipations of its future usefulness.
By reference to the proceedings of the
last annual meeting, it will appear, that the
Society resolved to authorize the Board of
Directors to suspend for a lime (if necessary)
the usual exercises of the school. This res
olution was adopted, in consequence of the
i embarrassed situation of the institution ;
which not only then, but almost from its com
mencement, had laboured under the pressure
of pecuniary diflicul ies, from which it was
. feared that the zeal and liberally of its
triends would be found insufficient to re
lieve it.
These apprehensions have happily van
, ished, and from the application of the means
within the cunt i ol of the board, and the per
sonal exertions of some of its members, the
clouds which ovet shadowed the prospects of
this institution at the last annual meeting,
begin to disappear.
During the last session of the Legislature.
, application (by petition was made for relief,
and from the favourable manner in which it
was regarded by the country members, to
gether wi h the urgent representation of the
claims of this society to the justice and liu
■ inanity of several of the members of the Le
gislature, by a member of this board—that
honorable body, listened with attention to
the prayer of our petition, and in accordance
1 therevi ith, gave to our Inferior Court a dis
cretionary power in the disposal of a part of
1 the county funds—which, from (he well
known disposition of the members of that
Court, and the favorable eye with which the
sHiool is regatded by them, will, it is cm
■ fidently believed, be so applied, as greatly
I to rein ve it from the weight of its present,
anil most pressing obligations.
1 0 i reference had to ike last annual re
port of the Treasurer, it will appear, that the
ndeb's then due by the society, to which add
to- estimated expenditure of the ensuing
year, would slo-w an aggregate amount of
§ISOO. To meet this demand as far as
pra- icable, re-nurse was had .o the mem
> bers for tne a nount -f their subsciiptions ;
1 and donations of small amount received from
‘ sundry individuals ; —wnicb proving insuf
[ fioent, imin> diat application was made to
the Honorable the Inferior Court of this
’ county, who cheerful'y, and with prompti
tude, ordered 'he payment of 55500 —ma-
king an aggregate sum received by the Trea
-1 -ur r as exhibited in his report, 0f551,191 50
—S' owing a balance due and unpaid at the
end o[ the year, ol g 365 62 tor which (with
" tne current expens s of the year now ensu
-1 ing) provision must be made.
I o enable the Treasurer to meet these
* demands, an order has been obtained from
1 (he county Court for the amount of the
•chool fund set apart by the Legislature to
tins count -,, amounting to 55401 60, which,
with a fmther sum expected from the libe
rality >f the court, and the usual sub&crip
ions and donations when collected, will, it
1 is believed, provide a fund, which will en
able the Treasury to meet alt just demands
1 that may be made on it.
| The Hoard are pleased to have it in their
power to present this view of the pecuniary
1 situation of the institution—which, though
gratifying as compared w ith its prospects at
the last annual meeting, is nevertheless, not
without apprehension, in as much, a* no
; permanent fund has yet been established for
its future maintenance and support, and it
must, until then chiefly depend on the ac
tive and benevolent exertions of its friends
i for the means to perpetuate its existence;
and extend the sphere of its usefulness.
I The Board have pleasure in noticing, the
j mild, yet firm demeanor of the teacher in
j the discharge of his duties, and his zealous
endeavours to promote the objects of this
society.
From the reports of the weekly visiting
committees, and committees of examination,
the board take pleasure in deducing the
facts, that the general average number of
; scholars in attendance during the last year
and tne several quarters of it, is much the
1 same with that which preceded—that their
progress in general is rapid, and in some in-,
’ stances beyond what miglrt have been ex-]
peeled—that (lie institution is generally:
popular, and more particularly so amongst;
'jtho<e whose children receive gratuitous ed-.
: location. It is however believed, dial there]
.ire children within the limits of (his city,'
who do not participate in the benefits which i
1 this school otters to the indigent, and who]
are otherwise without the means of educa
tion —that there are parents who, from per
■ laps an excessive, or morbid sensibility,
* would shun that exposure of penury, indi-j
rated by the acceptance for their children
of (he advantages of this public charity—that
there .ire others, who, depraved or ignorant,
;; neglect or contemn for themselves and their
-■r d lien its proffered benefits ; —if any of
•'these suggestions have foundation in reality,
ii it will n-q ii.-e no argument to stimulate the
inr .bers ot this society to the due perfor
■, .on -ico of tii-dr duty—to encourage the timid
ai d ;-rsitive mind to overcome the obsta
>.c 1• s, wVch before appeared insuperable—to
(array before the careless, the depraved cr
the indifferent, die pure and unalloyed plea-,
sure they have neglected, and the misery
thus entailed in endless progression on their
unfortunate offspring-—to endeavour to give
expansion to the human intellect, to fast ion
it so, as to enable it to discern the true char
acter and government and laws of the great
ruler of the universe, and the various inter
ests by which it is surrounded in society.
The board would abstain from the dis
cussion of the question, whether man is
any thing more than education, and the cir
cumstances in life (by which he has been
surrounded) have made him?— or the ex
pression of any opinion on this contested
point :—bat they feel it to be their duty to
express their belief, that much of that hap
piness or misery which is discovered in the
character and conduct of man, may be tra
ced to die circumstances to which in early
life he has been subjected, and the educa
tion he has received. From these, as chief
inciting causes, flows that infinite variety
of character which is to be found »~
mankind, which d'-" 1 '
ery condition of 1
man to man, and o n
predisposing the n I
the great concern 1
a future state n tie
and civil governn
To what, it ma
nevolent feelings
of this society in . ),
so as to produce
beneficial eft’ecte
of society, than to give exicnaim.
culties of the youthful mind, to enable it to
continue a system of pi ogre-si ve improve
ment throughout life—to enable it to dis
cern and perform with more accuracy thfr
duties it owes to the author of its exist
ence, with more enlarged conceptions of his
character and attributes, their perfect uni- i
son with each other, and with a proper un
derstanding of that revelation which he has
been pleased to give of himself. To un
derstand and perform the relative and po
sitive duties which he owes to himself and
to his fellow man—to understand and duly
to appreciate the rights which are his fpoin
nature, and to vindicate them under such
conventional regulations of the society in
which he lives, as wdl most conduce to his
own and the general good.
Finally : without indulging in visionary
speculations, the board may be permitted to
express the belief, that by the aid of human
means, the mind of man will be so much
expanded, and the stock of knowledge so
much increased, as in due time to accom
plish and fulfil the long recorded visions of
prophecy, “ when the lion and lamb sliall
lie down together”—when the light of the
moon shall “ be as that of the sun—and the
light of the sun seven fold, as the light of
seven days.”
Augusta Free School Society tu account with Augustus Moor«
Treasurer. *
htl.
—To balance due the Treasurer per last stala
nit nt,- jo 31
I3ds—Paid one year’s salary to Teacher, from Jst
November 1823, to Ist November 18*24, 1,000
Paid incidental charges for Books, &c. &c. 1U 92
Paid discounts on money borrowed, 27
Paid note due per statement of last yfljar 370
Paid Teacher’s salary from Ist Nov. 1824, to
Ist March, 1825, 235
1757 12
To balance brought down due to the Treasurer, 5 tp
cu
1824—8 y amount cf collections subscriptions and *o
nations this year from Upper Ward, 254
By amount of ditto, from Middle Ward, 240 56
By amount of ditto, from Tower Ward, 66
By amount received by M iss fi. Caulfield
for subscriptions of ladies for 1823, 85
By donation from tiie City Council, re
ceived by them for a room used for ex
hibiting the Shipwreck of the Albion, IS
By donation of K. Kelchum, Ksq. of
New-lork, 10
By donation of the Inferior Court of thic
County, 500
By lition money received this year, 21
By money borrowed in notes vet unpaid, 660
By balance due to the Treasurer, 6 62
AUGUSTUS MOORE, Treas’r. 2
Augusta, 26th March, 1825. ’
Li'itof Directors of the Free School.
Rev. WM. MODERWEL, President.
THU’S. GUMMING, Vice Pres’t.
AUGUSTUS MOORE. Treasurer.
1. HENRY, Secretary .
ANDERSON WATKINS.
JOHN MOORE.
PETERHENNOCH.
H. H. GUMMING.
JOHN BONES. ,
A. HUTCHINSON.
JOHN CAMPBELL.
ROB. A. REID.
T. G. CASEY.
111 111 1
Canada. —In the House of Assembly of
Lower Canada, on the 11th ult. a committee (
[reported that “ (he Commercial intercourse
ibeuveen (bis Province and the United States
jwould be considerably improved to the ad
vantage of His Majesty’s subjects in this
Province by permitting United states Flour
to be entered under bond lor exportation,
which migtH be exported from the ports of
Quebec and Montreal free of duty, but
■should be chargeable with the existing du
ties in case of its consumption in this Pro
vince : and that all articles whereof the im
portation into this province from the United
|,States, is permitted by law, should be per
mitted to be imported into this province by
, inland navigation in crafts or vessels of any
description whatever.”
It was resolved on the same day, that to
, encourage the intercourse between Quebec
■ and Halifax, it is expedient to grant die
■ sum of £.500 annually for three years to the
1 first person or company who sliall cause a
■ steam vessel of 500 tons or upwards to
i built and regularly navigated between thos t $
ports.
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