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Th‘
Chin an Index of Char
acter.
If the experience of mankind is
competent to interpret facial indica
tions, some of the “propensities” and
“perceptives” which Spurzheim
lodges in the back rooms of his pan-
sensorium must have a penchant for
changing their quarters. “Firmness,”
for instance, which he locates in the
posterior part of the upper head, un
doubtedly manifests itself in the prom
inence of the chin. “Draw a face in
profile,” sajs Winckelman, “and ob
serve how timidity or its opposite can
be expressed by the shape of the lower
jaw. Let the chin be receding and
your profile can be made to express
pusilanimity and feebleness of char
acter, even to the degree cf imbe
cility. Then, without changing any
upper line of the profile, combine it
with a prominent chin, and it will
exhibit firmness. Exaggerate the
prominence and you can intensify
that expression to one of obstinacy
and ferocity. That such contrasts are
less striking in living faces is owing
to the circumstance that we take in
the expression of all features at a sin
gle glance, without analyzing the
complex tffset,”
Have we not here a positive crite
rion, a rule without an exception ?
Does it not occur to us, on after
thought, that all warlike, aggressive
nations have such projecting chins,
while the weak or degenerate ones are
more or less chinless ? In their classi
fication of the North Amer can abo
rigines the Spaniards distinguish be
tween Indies mansos and Indios
bravos (tame and savage Indians).
The former comprise the different
agricultural tribes of Central and
South America—ignorant but harm
less creatures, who subsist on a vege
table diet; the latter, the carnivorous
savages of the North, who divided
their time between hunting and war
fare. In their physical characteristics
these various tribes of the American
autochthones could hardly be distin
guished, if it were not for a slight va
riation in the color of their skins and
a very marked difference in the shape
of their chins. Our redskins have
chins, though they cannot emulate
those or che IndioGermanic race; the
Indians of Mexico and South Amer
ica have none. In the profile of a
vegetarian Indio from the neighbor
hood of Vera Cruz, the lower jaw re
cedes in a sharp line from the mouth
to the throat, so that the nose, though
not excessive in size, becomes ridicu
lously prominent. Obstinacy with a
projecting chin and shrinking timid
ity with a receding one are here
Btrongly contrasted, and the study of
individual faces proves Winckelman’s
rule to be almost, if not altogether, in
fallible. Can Professor Fowler point
out a corresponding difference in the
shape of the posterior skull? “Ama
tiveness,” too, may or may not effect
the bones above the nape, but Theo
phrastus, Galen, Della Porter, Lava-
ter, Dr. Redfield ?,nd all portrait
painters agree that it is disclosed by
the eyelid*- especially the lower one.
Lavater and other critical students
of the human face have shown the
fallacy of some popular notions—for
instance, the connection of a high
forehead with superior intelligence—
but also that generally received opin
ions differ less in different nations
and ages than should be supposed ;
and it is surprising of what minute
symptoms even the ancient nations
have taken cognizance.
Alleged Humorists.
Yahoo restaurant some evening, my
dear?” Husband ‘ No, darling.il
is disreputable.” Wife 11 Tnen, dear,
why do you bring home its marked
napkins in your pockets?”
“I believe you’re a fool, John,” test
ily exclaimed Mrs. Miggs, as her hus
band unwittingly presented her the
hot end of a potato dish, which she
promptly dropped and broke. “Yes,”
he added, resignedly, “that’s what the
clerk told me when I went to take out
my marriage license.”
“As you are going past the grocery
store,” said Mis. Brown to her son,
“it will save time if you step in there
and get a pound of tea.” “Wuatdo
I care about saving time ?” replied
young Brown, contemptuously ; “I
guess I shall have all (he time there is
as long as I live, and I ain’t going to
hoard up any for my heirs to squan
der.”
The Dispensary.
Why, gentle, reader do we ai ways
find U in trouble 1
The feeling between ague and qui
nine is exceedingly bitter.
One half the world don’t know hew
the other half lies. We speak from
experience.
The best reason yet advanced for
having Monday washing day the next
day after Sunday, is because cleanli
ness is next to godliness.
Walt Whitman exclaims in one of
his poems: “Give me solitude!” Very
iiisily obtained, sir. Start to take up
a collection tor the Washington Mon
ument.
Health journals insist upon repos
ing on the right side only, and claim
that It is injurious to lie on both sides ;
but we don’t know where they will
find a healthier set cf men than law
yers,
There is more money spent for rum
in this country than there is for flour,
and yet people howl evtyjy time flour
goes up, and don’t bother themselves
about the whisky that goes down.
the
rife t ~“Oan’t yon take me to
An egg poJka has been composed in
Berlin, the music of which just lasts
long enough to boil an egg properly.
We may now expect to hear of a ve*l
cutlet waliz and a porter-house steak
lancers; but, to cook the average
boarding-house spring chicken, we
fear that nothing less than a perform
ance of “Parsifal” will indicate the
time necessary to prepare it suffi
ciently.
In baring a well at Oloveidale, Cal.,
the auger, at a depth of thirty feet,
passed through a white pine log, aDd
six inches further struck a tree stand
ing on end, and had to cease opera
tions. It was about time to stop. If
they had bored a few feet deeper they
might have struck a party of campers-
out playing seven-up uuder the tree,
and created a panic.
An Austin man who had been liv
ing in a rented house, notified bis
laudlord that he was going to move.
“I hope,” said the landlord, “that I
will find the house iu the same condi
tiou it was when you took it.” “No, I
do not expect to leave it in the same
condition I found it ” “Well, 'you
will have to do it.” “All right, then,
I’ll drop a cat in the cistern, and ad
vertise for bed bugs.”
“Soyou are back in the city again,”
said a laboring man on Twenty-sec
ond street. “Thought you went down
with a lot of others in the south part
of the conn y to work on a farm.”
“We did.” “Well, what’s the rum
pus ?’’ “Why, you see, the old farmer
went to work and strung the whole
farm over with barbed wire fence, and
we all quit and came home. There is
a time to work and a time to rest, but
you can't rest on a barbed wire
fence.”
A Faithful Little Wife.
Oftimes I have seen a tall ship glide
by against the tide as if drawn by an
invisible tow-line with a hundred
strong arms pulling it. Her sails un
furled, her steamers drooping, she has
neither side-wheel nor stern-wheel ;
still she moves on stately in serene
triumph, as with her own life. But I
knew that on the other side of the
ship, hidden beneath the great bulk
that swam so majestically, tnere was
a little toilsome steam tug, with a
heart of fire aud arms of iron, that was
tugging it bravely on; and I knew
that if the little steam tug untwined
her arms and left the ship, it would
wallow and roll away, and drift hither
and thither, aud go oft with the tfilu-
ent tide, no man knows where. Aud
so I have known more than one ge
nius high-decked, full-freighted, wide-
sailed, gay-penoned, who, nut for the
bare toiling arm, aud brave, warm
beating heartof the faithful little wife,
that nestled close to him so that no
wind nor wave could part them, would
have gone down with the stream and
been heard of no more.—O. W
Holmes.
She swared :—“ Dj you know the
nature of an oath ? ” aski^i a Judge of
a colored woman. “Yes, sah ; I reck
on I dues.” “you know, then, what
it is to swear ? ” “ Yes, sah, 1 reckon
I does.” “ Hold up your hand and
swear.” She held up her hand and
ripped out an oath which aluuAt took
the Judge’s breath. “I will send you to
Jail for this.you wicked creature.” “For
what, Jedge?” “For using profane
language in this court room.” “ I
doesn’t know what you means by ’fane
language. Yer told me to swar an’ I
swar’d. White folks gettin’ so high
up it gins a nigger a crick in the naik
ter look up at ’em. I’se gwine ter
leave dis town, ’case I wa’n’t horned
in Arkansaw, nohow.” — Arkanaaw
Traveler.
In Cask of Poisonings — What is
to be done in case of poisoning or sus
pected poisoning?
This important question Dr. Von
Nussbaum, a first class authority in
medicine, has answered clearly and
concisely in a book recently published.
He says : In all cases of poisoning, no
matter what poisonous substance may
have been taken aud no ma ter in
what way such substance has entered
the system, this is the first rule t) be
observed : Remove as much as possi
ble the poisoning sub fiance out of the
body—then, if the poisoning substance
be known, give an antidote, which is,
however, not always at hand. Finally,
dilute as much as possible aud throw
out of the system the remnant of the
poison.
These effects can be obtained by pro
moting, as soon as possible, evacuation
of the stomach by vomiting. For this
purpose give copious draughts of warm
water, and tickle the fauces of the
throat with finger. Then as an anti
dote for ali poisons, large quantities of
tepid milk may be swallowed, which,
as a fatty emulsion, will envelop the
poison and alleviate irritation. A
large quantity of black tea will serve
the same purpose. By drinking several
cups of warm light black tea the
poison will be diluted, and, by way of
increased perspiration, urination and
respirations, • be secreted from the
system, and thus the danger be re
moved, or at least lessened. The same
treatment can be followed in poisoning
by stiugsof poisonous insects or bites of
venomous or diseased animals. Tne
first thing to be aimed at is to prevent
the inoculation of the venom into the
blood of the system. Consequently,
should you be bitten by a snake in the
flugsr, or be stung in the hand by a
poisonous insect, or scratcli yourself
against a rotten bone, & at once try
to prevent the poison from entering
the blood. Take, therefore, the first
string or ribbon you can find, or yoor
handkerchief, aud tie it around the
limb above the wounded part, in order
to hinder the infected blood from
going to the heart. This treatment is
useful for several reasons. If a ser
pent hae, for instance, bitten a person
in the band and a ligature is applied
on the arm, not only is the poison
iu the wound prevented from going
to the heart, and thence to the whole
body, but the ligature will cause the
blood in the arm below to fl >w
backwards, the wound will begin to
bleed freely, and this bleeding will
also, as is were, wash away the venom;
it thus becomes, in a manner, the first
stream in which to bathe the wound
Later on the wound cau be washed
thoroughly in a stream of water.
Moreover, if we believe that the poison
cau be sucked out of the wound, we
shall do well to construct without delay
a cupping-glass. Any wine glass will
answer satisfactorily. Hold a wine
glass over burning paper or over an
ignited alcohol lamp, to warm and at
tenuate the air in the glass; then tip
it quickly over the wound ; the glass
will suck out the wound like a cup ;
and in this way many an injurious
subs anco may be removed. But as
iu cases of poisoning through bites and
s(iDgs, copious draughts of warm
drinks are always remedial, arm iu
such cases great attention is likewise
to be paid to diluting and quickly
wihdrawing the poisoning substance.
That kind of religion is most popu
lar whloh does not interfere on
Sunday with what you Intend to do on
Monday.
Salmon in Scotland.
Once good fishing was within the
reach of a poor man ; it can hardly be
said to be so now. Aud the fact may
be noticed that,as rod fishings have be
come more valuable,so has the number
of fish decreased—the number, that is
of those which reach the upper waters.
It is a well-authenticated fact that the
Slule Pool, on the Fmdhorn, once
gave 1800 salmon as the result of one
night's netting—a quantity, as Mr.
Francis Francis says, probably
greater than the supply of the whole
river now duriu
there are men yet
member when frei
mou formed a larg
poor crofters in
rents got now for
water are enormous,
one rod pay X100 for
part of a river, and
nothing for it; another
for the same sum.
week on L >oh Tay is o
parison with this. Man
the season ; and
viug who can re-
and kippered sal-
part of the food of
d districts. The
,ood stretches of
e have known
month for a
et absolutely
illing six fish
f’lve pounds a
i eap in oom
kcauses eon.
decrease in the number of fieh which
gain the upper waters. Instead of bs-
ing let to small tacksmen at a nomi
nal sum or being worked by the pro
prietors in a coreless and unscientific
way, these are now in the hands of
men who pay huge rents for them and
spare no expense in plant or men. We
never go to these stations without won
dering how it is that any fish at all
get up some rivers during six days of
the week, and indeed, except during
heavy floods, fe w do get up. Look at
the Kyle of S.itherland, aud consider
the risks which nave to be run by a
salmon which meditates an expedi
tion up the Oykle to Kiuloch Aisb.
He has, we will suppose, missed the
numerous traps which have been sat
for him along the coast. At the
“shots” below Bonar Bridge the nets
are never out of the water, day or
night, from Monday morning till late
on Saturday; as one is being hauled
up the treacherous meshes of another
are unfolding themselves a little way
above. If our fish runs the gauntlet
of this pair safely, he i3 only at the
beginning of his troubles. There is
another “shot” a few hundred yards
above the little town, another near the
viaduct of Invershin, another at the
mouth of the River Shin, sometimes
yet another above this last, near Rose-
hall. Aud then the hungry angler is
waiting tor him. Truly, if there be
such a tniug as an insurance ottice in
the North Sea there must be a heavy
premium paid by those fish which
belong to the Cassely or the Oykel!
The only time for a free passage is on
Sunday, and if the river i? out of con
dition then, and the tides not suitable
for bringing up the fish (and to the
anxious watcher far above this seems
generally to be the case), by far the
greater bulk of the strong run of sal
mon which have been waiting their
opportunity in the Kyle are captured
during the week, and are flying, cold
and stifl, in their icy coffins to London
when they should have been leaping
aud plunging, rej >icing the hearts of
all wiio saw them, far up in the
higher pools.
Education oi Apprentices.
4
tribute to this soaroity of salmon for
the angler. So far as polution is oon-
cerned, the Nor ern rivers are as
they have ever been, no flfills or
chemioal works or oollierles pour
their foulness into the Beauly or the
Naver or the Laxford or the Shin, and
it is the net fishing i in the tidal waters
whloh is chiefly reAansi^h/er the
Catching Moths.
“Treacle,” or “sugar,” as it was for
merly called, is a mixture of coarse
treacle and rum, and is designed to at
tract the night-flying moths, for
which purpose it is spread on the
trunks of trees in a favorable locality.
Attracted by the odor of the spirit the
moths come flying from all directions
to the coveted dainty, and, settling on
the painted trunks, Bpeedily become
engrossed in the occupation of sucking
up the mixture. Meanwhile the col
lector, lantern in hand, makes his
round of the prepared trees, and
selects the specimens' which he re
quires for his collection. The ap-
paiatus consists of: First, an o
mustard tin, provided with a
of strong wire, and containing rather
more than half a pint of “green”
treacle, mixed with a little stale beer
in order to thin it. Formerly, instea
of treacle, entomologists employed a
compound made by boiling the coars
est brown sugar—“Jamaica foots,” as
it Is technically termed—in beer for
two or three hours, and keeping it
bottled until required for use. How
ever, by degrees it hasb^en found that
a simple mixture of green treacle and
rum answers every purpose, aud very
few now adhere to the old plan.
Secondly, a large painter’s brush,
wherewith to apply the mixture to the
tree trunks. Next, a small bottle
holding about a tajjflespoouful of the
coarsest and newest procurable rum,
to be mixed with treacle jast before
applying it to the trees. Then there
is a large satchel containing chip pill
boxes, such as are used for holding
ointment, of four cousecutive s'z-s,
aud “nested” into one another to
economize space; these are for hold
ing the expected captives. A “bull’s-
eye” lantern, a box of lucifer matches
aud a butter-tty-net complete the list.
After tv short walk we arrive at the
wood, aud find that it is high time to
commence operations, for the sun has
already set aud the bats are busily
engaged iu hawking for the insects
which constitute their prey. Round
an adjacent bush a swarm of gnats are
performing their aerial evolutions, a
sure sign that the evening is a pro
pitious one for the entomologist. We
note the favorable omen and then set
to work.
The sailor’B life is said to be a dog’s
life. We know he must go before the
mastiff he goes to see, aud then he be
comes a sail setter.
When a new comer is about to settle
to tornado-tossed Iowa, he doesn’t ln-
q 'lire if there’s a well on the premises ;
he merely asks: ‘JHow deep is the
illai
A Springfield (Mass.) firm of iron
manufacturers Uas recently put in
practice a new system of apprentice
ship which promises good results. It
is intended to combine the thoroughly
practical education of the shop with
the theoretical education of the school;
or, in other words, it is an industrial
school in which more time will be
given to practice instead of theory.
They propose to require of the appren
tice 58 hours a week cf work in the
shop and nine hours a week of study.
The term of apprenticeship for those
beginning to learn a trade who are
under 20 years of age is six years, in
which time under this system, it is
believed that an apprentice will be
qualified to rank with the best jour
neymen aud to earn the same wages.
Those who are over 20 y ears of age are
allowed to finish their apprenticeship j
in five years, and those who have^
worked in a shop are advanced accord^
ing to proficiency. All applicants aij
taken from tour to twelve weel
on trial, and if not satisfactory aj
then dismissed. The rates they pa|
for labor range frogs five to twelve
cents per hour, depending upon age
and years of apprenticeship. The firm
also pay two cents per hour additional
into a reserve fund, which is paid to
those apprentices who finish their
full term of service : far the six years
this amounts to $41)). j The scheme in
this shop grew out <j)f the difficulty
experienced in getting thoroughly
qualified machineats, and is an attempt
to solve again jhe old problem of how
to continue the Bystem of appren
ticeship now largtly fallen into disuse..
It is stated that this firm have already
more applicant# than they cau accept.
The scheme seems worthy of a trial,
and is weii calculated to- produce
workmen not only competent for the
ordinary routine of shop work but
competent to design and devise the
execution of work. The scheme re
minds us of the times when appren
ticeship was fashionable among me*>
chanics. i
Sulphur and Malaria.
At the recent meeting of the Par-i
Academy, M. d’Abbadie called a^en-
tion to some facts ieg marsh
fever. Some African elephant hunt
ers from plateaus with comparatively
cool climate brave tie hottest and
most detererious Etbopian regions
with impunity, whici they attri
bute to their habit of da !y fumigation
of the naked body with sulphur. It
is interesting to know whether sul
phurous emanations, received invol
untarily, have a like tffect. From
inquiries made by M. Firque, it ap
pears that in Sicily, whiL most of the
sulphur mines are in lii^i districts
from malaria, a
%
!* ^
P' -rt
men iu then
less, not more tfhan eT
cent, beii g attfutked.
c irtain marshy! plain
stead in the island of ivlTTb (Grecian
Archipelago), Ir, i 8 hardly possible to
spend a night without being attacked
by intermittenft faver, yet on the very
fertile i art nLar the mountains are
the ruins of al large and prosperous
town, Z ‘phyrp, which 300 years ago,
numbered 40,(100 inhabitants. Owing
to th# ravagfcs of marsh fever the
place is now! nearly deserted. This
change was ,brought about by the
transfer of sulphur mining in the J
neighborhood to the opposite side of a
mountain radge. The decadence of
Z jpliyria haIs nearly corresponded to
this transference. The sulphurous
emanations |io longer reach the place,
their passagf; being blocked by the
mountain ifya^s. Again, on the west
side of the liiarshy aud fever-infested
plain of Cljitania, traversed by the
Simeto, is » sulphur mine, and be
yond it, at a higher level, a village
which was abandoned iu the early
part of this century because of marsh
fever. Yet tin re is a colony of work
men living about the in:ne, and they
seem to be advantageously affected by
the emanations.
A Frefoh photographer boasts of
having b4f,n able to catch the impres
sion of a fjy ing bird. There is noth
ing at alj woudeiful about that. An
Austin ujpku, who has no Hoieuiifio at
tainment!, whatever, without any ef
forts on Mis part, caught the impres
sion of alflylng bat. It was a very
olear impression. The flyiug bat was
a briokblt. He was ottering a resplu-f
tion at t| ward meeting when the
^*nt