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How Much Should We Eat ?
How, asks Dr. Nicholls in The
Food Reform Magazine, sire we to get
at the proper quantity of food ? Ani
mals living in a sta ! e of nature do
over-eat themselves. They stop eat
ing when they have got enough.
There are no prize cattle on the
prairies. It is the stalled ox, and the
pig in his pen, deprived of exercise,
that can be fattened into a diseased
obesity. Horsts escape this process,
because men do not to any great ex
tent knowingly devour them. The
hunter and racer are not over-fed. All
animals expected to do their work are
carefully fed as to quality and quan
tity. If human beings were fed as
wisely, they would be as healthy.
There are some good rules for feed
ing as to quantity. When our food is
simple and natural iu kind and qual
ity and mode of preparation, there is
ttle danger of eating too much,
here is little danger, for example, of
ting too man^grapea, apples, peavs
hanapua; sWt, sugar, spices and
luxurious cookery tempt to excess.
With men, as with auimals, a natural
diet is self limiting, and we are dis
posed to stop vhen we have got
enough. The more artificifil the food,
the more elaborate and luxurious the
feast, the more the liability to overload
the stomach, overtask tlie digestive
power, and overweight tht' forces of
life. Simplicity of food is a condition
of health, and promotes longevity.
The quantity of food which enables a
man to do his daily work without loss
of weight is precisely what he re
quires. H i supplies the daily wastes
—no more and no less. This quail til y
may vary a little with each ind vid-
ual, but everyone can easily ascertain
his own measure of require ner^ h y
reducing the quantity of daily food
until he finds a balance of force and
weight. It is my opinion that the
average quantity of water-free aliment
required, say by buBine^ and literary
men, is twelve ounces. Men of great
muscular activity may require sixteen
ito twenty ounces. I have found my-
^iTn-TOiy good condition for seden-
.y work oh eight or ten ounces.
When anyone Is in good condition for
his work and keeps his normal weight,
he has food enough. Dr. Nicholls’s
advice is, find this quantity by exp< ri
ment, and then habitually keep to it.
Humorous.
The Providence Transcript asserts
that Western cats commit suicide.
Let’s import that kind.
The fact that the comet hrfs already
gone to pieces is a startling’ warning
against the habit of early rlsjing.
Aithoug^ Patti is not a tenor, she Is
now on the high sea. (Thej family of
^grapher are he
, hist
Fempted to
it Kansas City. Dun’t
Inted to suicide. She
lavn^pTpretty good time.—Bos
ton Post
“O Mr. S nith,” exclaimed Gertie,
“ may I go with you and see your nice
little puppies? ” “What do you mean,
Gertie?” exclaimed her father in
astonishment. “Why, papa,” said
Gertie, “didn’t you say Mr. Smith
was going to the dogs ? ” — Boston
Tr am script. •
We never had the experience, but
we should ihink it would ri’ean editor
fearfully altar he hud worked the most
of the day, getting up an editorial de
claiming that a man is better < fl for
being married, to go home and be
jawed all the evening because he for
got to bring home two dozen clothes
pins, or soma such thing.—Somerville
Journal.
“Where’s Snoggleton? ” asked the
proprietor of an Arkansas newspaper,
entering the * fllce and inquiring for
the editor. “ He hasn’t come down
this mornirg,” replied a reporter.
What’s the matter?” “Well, begot
into a dispute last night and a fellow
shot his head off.” “ Did lie leave
any copy?” “No, sir.” “How in
thunder did he expect this paper to
to run without copy? Blamed if I go
to his funeral.”—Arkamaw Traveler.
Several of our exchanges are devot
ing considerable space to the import
ance of “cookihg girls.” It’s no use.
We don’t want them cooked. The
raw damsel Is good enough for us.—
Hartford limes.
When a woman comes to the door
and oalls after her husband, “Hen-R
IrE 1” flulshin j the last syllable with
itaUgtters, you may know she is
Scientific.
Last year Great B itain made
nearly 2,71.0,(00 tons of puddled iron,
and imported 99,000 tons besides.
Grapes exposed to sunlight contain
3| per cent, less acid than those which
have remained in darkness.
The Engineering Fews fays there
are over 1400 bridges in the Illinois
Division of the Wabash Railroad.
To remove ink from tv ktograplis,
moisten the pad with water acidula
ted with muriatic acid (10 per cent.),
and rinse well.
Chemically regarded, mica is made
of silica, alumina and potash. Silica
is one of the hardest substances in na
ture, known in its purest and most
beautiful form as rock crystal.
The Washington Monument now
exceeds 300 feet in height, and is rising
at the rate of about a foot a day. The
workmen are protected by a strong
netting which surrounds the top of
the monument.
Dr. Andries and M Faye both agree
that cyclones, toraadoes and trombes
are one and the same mechanical
phenomenon, and that their powerful
action is due to the force in upper cur
rent p.
Of all the men-of-war in Europe,
Italy has the most hoavily iron-plated
and possessed with the most formida
ble guns. The Duilio and the Dandolo
have armor twenty-two inchea thick,
and they (a ‘h carry 100-ton guns.
A tree called the traveler’s tree of
Madagascar yiel s a copkm supply of
fresh water from its leaves, very
grateful to the traveler. It grows in
ti e most arid countries, and is a good
proof of the wonderful provision of na
ture.
,Teactersin the public schools of
France are very seldom paid more
than $5 a week, and as the expense for
salaries is cow a little over $15,000,000
the Minister of .Public Instruction re
fuses to add to this amount and so
increase taxation.
It has been noticed that copper
when melted with salt and subse
quently cooled is much tougher than
ordinary copper, this being due, in all
probability, to the removal of the
cuprous oxide, which is generally pres
ent in greater or less quantities.
The persistence of the magnetic
property observed in certain trees is
attributed by M. Larroque to the
transportation by lightning of small
particles c f iron held in suspension
with other matter, which makes up
what is known as the d ust of the air.
When it is necessary to bring up a
child on cows’ or nurses’ milk it has
been proved preferable to use the milk
of a_cow, unless the nurse is well fed
pt from doing hard work. Hu
man milk is quickly impoverished by
severe mental or physical labor.
There is eminent medical authority,
says the Baston Journal of Chemistry,
for the statement that unripe or very
old potatoes contain a certain quantity
of solan iue. This may produce serious
results if the potatoes are boiled with
their skins on, and if they are eaten
in large quantities.
The following is a celebrated Lon
don “ anti-asthmatic powder Potas-
sii nitiatis and pulv. anisi, each one-
half ounce; pulv. stramon. foi., cue
ounce. A thimbleful of the powder,
placed on a plate, is pinched into a
conical shape and lighted at the top.
It is then placed near the patient, who
inhales the fumes.
A new building material has been
discovered at Bewa, one of the Celebes
islands. It is known as fossil coral,
and when cut from a mass is soft, but
on exposure to the air becomes hard
like brick. Tt is thus far satisfactorily
stood the tests that have been applied
to it, and large quantities have been
ordered for budding purposes.
One by one the more precious metals
are found deposited in this country,
and iu some cases, as in nickel, the
unsuspected supplies prove greater in
volume than the previous yield of all
other couutries combined. The latest
of these discoveries is that of vana
dium, which has been taken from an
Arizona mine in larger paying quan
tities than ever before known.
F. J. Faraday is inclined to the be
lief that the breathing of air devoid of
the usual quantity of oxygen is apt to
develop germs otherwise harmless into
those which produce consumption.
As giving support to his hypothesis,
he oites the deorease of consumption
in well ventilated barracks, and the
relief afforded to patients by sea voy
ages, the air of pine woods and.the i
halation of
Scraps.
D ;es the night mail go by the bed
post ?
A bunion is spoken of as a nobby
thiug in low cut shoes.
“Are you afraid of the dark?”
asked a mother of her little daughter.
“I was once, mamma, when I went
into the dark closet to take a tart.”
A lady who says she is the homeliest
woman in Kentucky, advertises for a
husband. “He must be middle-aged,
good-natured, but not beautiful, a3 I
want to love him all to myself.”
“Pa,” said a child thirsting after
knowledge, “they say that beavers
are the most indu trious of animals.
What do they make?’’ “Hats, my
child—hats,” said the puzzled father.
A Dilemma.—An old bachelor re
marked that he never would marry
any woman that he didn’t respect,
and he certainly couldn’t respect any
woman who was willing to marry
him.
Gentelman (calling at the house of a
friend) 1 “Is your mistress in ?” Mary :
*3he is, sur.” Gentleman: “Is she
engaged?” Mary : “Faith, she’s
more than that—die’s married.”
Whenever you see a woman talking
straight at a man, and beginning to
nod her head, and keep time to it with
her upraised Index finger, it is about
time for somebody to climb a tree.
Smoking tobacco is said to color the
bones. We do not see why people
should want their bones colored but
if they do, smoking is probably the
cheapest and* pleasantest way to do
it.
An American says, from his late ex
perience of English weather, he should
imagine that “Rain Britannia!”
ought to be as popular in Euglarid as
“Hail, Columbia!” is In the States.
“I can’t get up early,” said a poor
victim to his doctor. ‘ Oh, yes, you
can,” was the reply, “if you will fol
low my advice. What is your hour
of rising?” “Nine o’clock.” “Well,
get up half an hour later every day,
and In the course of a month you will
flud yourself up at four o’clock in the
morning.”
Human Hair.
Not less than ninety per cent, of the
women and five per cent, of the men
of this country wear more or less false
hair. The enormous consumption o f
the artificial and natural product sug
gests the fact, fearful but true, that nine
women out of every ten about the
street, life the church or in the cars,
charming or ugly to a line, have on a
wig or a weft, a bandeau or a prepared
net, bangs or waves, arranged at the
hairdressei’s. Some people think that
a blonde never grows grey-headed.
The fact is, one-third of white shreds
may be mingled with such hair, and
few would notice it. The same pro
portion of blond headed people turn
gray as those with any other colored
hair. The proportion of people who
dye*their hair is also surprising. Some
twenty per cent, are said to do this.
0” course the greater proportion of
these people are whitehaired people.
A white head is often, though not
always, a sign ( f a life of trouble. The
dresser is more than often amused by
requests from the country for “ cold
water frzzes.” These, of course, com
prise an article which will curl easily
by application of water, and are easily
supplied. Curly hair has been the
fashion for a year or more. Of the iw o
human hair is the most called for.
“Hair-raising” is assort of Industry In
Europe. The peasant girls, who are
much in the open air, get their heads
cropped once a year, and thus furnish
a proportion of the supply. They are
satisfied with a sUpend so small that
an American wo
touch six times i
terial imported
the trade and E
divide the rest
finds its way h
and is made
lan would scorn to
lvalue. Of the ma-
•ance supplies half
land and Germany
The raw material
m great quantities,
on this side of the
water. The
this country.
Isiness is young yet in
Fiousand Suggestive.
It is not worth while to live to accu
mulate a little money at the expense
of a shrunken soul.
God is better served In resisting a
temptation to evil than in many formal
prayers.
Every man is responsible for all the
good w^y^n th^ scope of his abilities,
:form it he oui
to be held strictly responsible for his ;
failure. j
Lord Bacon, towards the latter end
of his life, said that a little smattering
of philosophy would laid a man to
atheism ; but that a thorough knowl
edge of it would lead a mau oack again
to a fivst cause, aud that the first prin
ciple of right reason is religion.
A Beautiful Landscape.
Beautiful world wherein we live,
Beautiful all that God d )th give ;
Beautiful birds, and trees, aau flowers,
Beautiful shades and leafy bowers.
Beautiful fields, all clad In green,
Beautiful streams that glide between;
Beautiful bai.ks, with primrose sweet,
Gnarled old trees, and mo3s-grown seat.
Beautiful ferns In their mossy bed,
Beautiful blue-bells overhead ;
Dear little birds, all wild with glee,
Trilling their song on the hawthorne tree.
Beautiful trees lu their budding green,
Beautllul sunshine streaming between ;
Beautiful light Irom heaven above,
Beautiful emblem of God’s own love.
Beautiful sunset, crimson and gold,
Soft,dim twilight, gray and cold;
Night puts on her mantle of gray,
Beautiful daylight passes away.
Beautiful moonlight overhead,
Beautllul stars their soft light shed;
Breathe from their spangled home above,
Beautiful thoughts of God’s changeless love.
Beautiful rest lrom a day of care,
Beautiful hour of sacred prayer;
Beautllul thoughts will our last ones be,
Sleeping or waking, If safe lu thee.
The Lord means that His children
should be happy. It is ^ery easy to
charge our t illictious upou Him, but
it is invariably unjust. There is a
right aud a wroug way of living ; there
is a bright sloe to the saddest experi
ence. Sometimes the Chrutiau real
izes this, bows to the will of God,
acknowledges his sin, and makes the
best of his experience. And we say,
what a lovely character! Again, one
stubbornly resists the manifest will of
God, attempts to stay omnipotence,
and falling, rails at God. And we say,
How hard he takes this providence !
But God meant it lor good to him, as
much as to the other. When we are
tempted to accuse God, it is we our
selves who are at fault, not God. He
does no man wrong.
Snuffing.
A lucky capture of Spanish gkl-
leons, laden with choice snuffs from
Havana, had inauguarted the reign of
Queen Anne, and been the means of
introducing into England the Conti
nental fashion of snuff-taking. Wagon
loads of the “titillating dust” thus im
ported being publicly sold at 3J. and
4i, a pound, the box soon rivaled
and at length eclipsed the pipe. Sir
Plume, “of amber snuff justly vain,”
became a character, and was kept in
countenance as well by “tbe fair” at
the drawing room as the Chairman in
the streets. To parody a well known
line. “Snuffruled the Court, the camp,
the grove.” Snuff-taking was eleva
ted to the rank of a passion by the wits
and beaux of society. To offer a
box gracefully became an educational
requirement, aud a general flourish of
snuff-boxes took place, if not “all over
the land,” as Cowper said, at least
from Pall Mall to the ’Change. A
pinch to conciliate, a pinch to con
temn ; a pinch gave pungency to the
jest, a relish to the sarcasm, and
f qually served to cover embarrrssment
and chagrin. Tallyrand used to say—
and he was a priseur—that the snuff
box was essential to all great politici
ans, as time for thought In answering
awkward questions was gained in
taking, or pretending to take, a pinch.
Cdrtainly Prince Metternich was de
voted to the box, and diplomatists
generally appeared to have viewed it
with favor, as well, indeed, they
might, when some £8000 or £9000 were
expended in the purchase of boxes for
presentation to foreign Ministers at
the coronation of George IV.
Sanitary Legislation.
Sanitary legislation in England
dates from a very early period. Ed
ward II. decreed that a butcher who
sold measled pork should be fined for
the first offence, pilloried for the
second, imprisoned and fined for the
third, and expelled from the town for
the fourth. Richard II. took
measures against the pollution of
rivers. Henry VI. prohibited cattle
slaying within walled towns with
three exceptions. Elizabeth enacted
that only one family might dwell in
a cottage. The plague in the time of
Charles II. led to many health enact
ments.
Hussar-blue cloth dresses are made
with a plain skirt, bordered with vel
vet, above which is military braid,
and a plain redlngote with braided
’heels down the front and pleated
behind.
Swiss Cheese.
Some F<!ots About its Manufacture in
Switzerland.
Tbe manufacture of cheese in
Switzerland, says Consul Adam of
Geneva, is one of the most aucien t
industries of the country, instruments
for this purpose having been found in
different parts among the ruins of the
lake dwellings. In the fouiteenth
and fifteenth centuries the produc
tion had grown large enough to
become the subject of legislation, as
appears from some curious decrees o f
Berne, Glaris, Appenz a ll and other
countries, prescribing the size and
weight of the cheeses, and forbidding
the manufacture of certain sorts, or
any exportation to foreign countries.
The modern manufacture dates from
the introduction, eighty or ninety
years ago, of the cultivation of artifi
cial fooder and the system of stabling
cattle, now universal in the lower
valleys and the plains. The several
varieties are classifi ed either according
to consistency of material, as “ hard,”
“firm,” or ‘soft,” or according to the
proportion of fatty matter, and ‘‘ rich,”
“medium,” or according to the coagu
lation, whether by rennet (a presure)
or by sour mflk (a lait aigre). The
best is the Emmeuthal, a rouud
cheese, eighty to one hundred centi
meters in diameter, ten to fifteen cen
timeters thick, aud weighing fom
fifty to one hundred kilogrammes, and
like all the rich cheeses (fiomages
gras) which retain nearly all the
elements of the milk, its nutritive
value's high. Next in importance is
the Gruyere, called after the village of
Fribourg, a cheese about ^-tventy cen
timeters in diameter, and weighing
about forty-five kilogrammes. It has
come into great repute withiu the last
ten years, since the formation of a
wealthy society for its mam facture in
Fribourg. It is manufactured in much
the same way as the Emmcnthal,
except that a third or more of t he
cream is removed, whence it is classed
as “ migras,” or medium. TheSpalen,
so called from the manner of packing*
for shipment, is a medium cheese,
about fifty centimeters in diameter,
and weighing twenty kilogrammes,
and made in a much ruder Nmanner
than the Emmenthal and Gruyere.
It comes from Unterwalden, Uri,
Schwyz, Lucerne, and ie sent to Italy,
where it is used grated with maccaroni,
rice, polenta, etc.
The cheese of the canton of Appen-
zell, long famous for its fine cattle and
excellent fodder, differs in certain
qualities from all the other Swiss
varieties. In making it the curd is
triturated in a bassoir, moulded with
out pressure or salting, and finally
treated with a brine of water, wine
le c s, or white wine, pepper and salt,
which gives it a pungent odor and
flavor, something between the Swed
ish and Italian cheeses. The exact
formula for the brine ?s a secret, and
as with most of the Swiss cheese, the
process of manufacture is only to be
learned in Its own country, where the
traditional method has been handed
down for generations. The size of
this cheese is generally about thirty
centimeters thick, and it weighs about
eight kilogrammes. A very remark
able cheese, also, is the Schnabzlger,
or green cheese, and which seme
writers hesitate to class as a cheese.
The peculiarity of the Schnabzlger is
due chiefly to the method of coagula
tion, by azi instead of rennet, and
partly to treatment by the zigeries
(melilotus ecerulea), a plant grown for
the purpose in Schwyz. The Gessenay
is made in the high pastures about the
village of that name in Berne and else
where in the Oberland. It iH a cream
cheese of fine and aromatic flavor,
very hard and keeping well for years.
Its nutritive qualities are high, and it
is largely used, like the Spalen, grated
with soup, maccaroni, etc. A similar
choese is made in the canton of the
Valais. This Is, perhaps, the richest
of all the Swiss varieties and has a
peculiar flavor of its own. The pro
cess of manufacture has greatly im
proved since 1872. Loss durable but
equally nutritious and palatable, and
of the same general character is the
Cristalina, made In the valley of the
Models Grisons. The Vacherin is the
only soft cheese of large size made in
Switzerland, and there are two kinds
—one made near Gruyere and in ap
pearance resembling the cheese of
that name; the other is made in the
valley of the Jura. The latter kind is
about thirty oentiraetera in diameter,
six centimmera thick and weighs five
kilogrammes. It is sold in drunuu
and if perfectly matured has an
vor.