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m
Fruit.
Its quality influences
the selling price.
Profitable fruit
growing insured only
when enough actual
Potash
is in the fertilizer.
Neither quantity nor
good quality possible
without Potash.
| Write for our fret books
giving details.
GERMAN KALI WORKS,
Nassau St., New York City.
MACON SEED HOUSE
GABDEN AND FIELD
BEANS, OOBN,
ONION SETS,..*
EARLY AMBER and
ORANGE SORGHUM.
KAFFIR CORN,
PEANUTS,
WATERMELON,
/ CANTALOUPE
Stock and Poultry Powders.
L. W. GRAY, Mug*.
40© Poplnr St. MACON, GA.
A fflitpE HOTEL.
HAVING LEASED THE
Stubblefield House,
Mulberry St., MAO ON, GA.,
„ Nest to Aoadomy of Muslo,
It iB my purpose to conduct n hotel that
will be horae-like and satisfying to alL
guests. It is specially suitable for ladies
or others viBitmg Maoou for a day or
longer,
We Strive to Please.
Lreorge S. Riley.
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THE HOME JOURNAL,
PEIIRY, GA.
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EXPERIENCE {
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Nitrogen and the Way In
Which It Is Absorbed.
»'♦*-
r I weekly. Largest clr-
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nee, Stt F Bt» Washtcgtofl. D. 0.
JOB WORK
NEATLY EXECUTED
— AT THIS OFFICE
STATE CHEMIST'S LETTER NO. 4
Actual Quantities of Plant Food In
Soils—What Determines the Crop
Producing Power of the 8oll, Etc.
Interesting and Instructive Treatise.
Naturally the nitrogen we find In the
plant by analysis next claims our at
tention. As I told you in my last let
ter that there are nearly eighty gal
lons of nitrogen In one hundred gal
lons of air, you would quite naturally
exclaim that there would be no need
to bother about providing nitrogen for
the crops, as they ought to be able to
obtain all they want from the enor
mous oceans of it floating all around
and about them. Yes, one would natur
ally suppose so, but alas, It is not true-;
the plant is helpless to feed on the ni
trogen around It In the air, no mat
ter how thirtsy It may be for It It Ib
like the shipwrecked sailor in the open
boat at sea, though parched and dying
with thirst, yet he cun not slake his
thirst, though there he nothing but
water, water, all about him.
It seems as though there were a cer
tain malice in Nature in so constitut
ing plants that they cannot take the
nitrogen out of the air directly,, yet
perhapB It is a good thing they cannot,
because If they could, life would be so
easy that we probably would not exert
ourslves as much as we should. Nl-
trogen being the most expensive ele
ment of plant fobd, if it were provided
free of cost like the carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen, we could grow such enor
mous crops at such small cost, that the
cost of living would be so reduced, that
a man would not have the same urgent
stimulus behind him to work and to
labor that he now has.
The Form In Which Plants Absorb
Nitrogen.
But to return to our subject, the
plant requires nitrogen, but it cannot
take it through its leaves; it has to
take it up through its roots, and In or
der for the roots to take it up, the nl-
trogent must be combined with nitrate.
It must be in the form of nitrate of Boda,
or nitrate of lime, or nitrate of mag
nesia, or nitrate of potash, or some
other form of nitrate before the plant
can utilize It. If we put any organ
lc matter containing nitrogen Into the
soil, either vegetable or animal, aB cot
ton seed meal, blood, meat, or even
if we plow under green crops, they will
begin to decay and putrify in the soil,
until the nitrogen which they con
tain In the form of protein (about
which I wrote you so much last year)
found in* the ash of the plant Only
small quantities of these however are
required by the plant and they are al
ways abundant in soils. Soda Is like
wise found in both soil and plant, but
is not essential to the plant. Phosphor
ic acid, potash and lime are found in
only small quantities In most soils,
but exist in considerable quantity in
the ash of the plants, and each one
of them is absolutely necessary to
the life, growth and development of
the plant. For this reason, tho other
elements being usually abundant, a
soli is said to .bo rich or poor accord
ing to Hs contents of potash, phosphor
ic aoid, lime and nitrogen.
Potash and phosphoric acid are
usually contained in soils In small
quantity, varying from about one-tenth
of a pound in a hundred pounds of
the'soil, to one pound in one hundred
pounds. Although that amount looks
small; let us figure It by the acre.
Weight of the Soil Per Acre.
An avereage soil, when dry, if taken
to the depth of nine Inches, will
weigh three to three and one-half mil
lion pounds to the acre. Therefore a
soil containing one-tenth of one per
cent of phosphoric acid, would really
contain three thousand to thirty-five
hundred pounds of phosphoric acid per
acre, or as much as could be obtained
by the application of ten to twelve tons
of high-grade acid phosphate per acre.
You would at once then say that a soli
containing one-tenth per cent of pot
ash or phosphoric acid ought to be a
rich soil and should not require any
fertilizers, but there you would be
wrong, because it matters not so much
what is the total amount of potash
or phosphoric acid In an acre of soil
as it does to know in what condition
that phosphoric acid or potash exists.
Availability of the Plant-Food In the
Soil.
The question arises, is it soluble,
Is it available? It is in such condition
that the soil water can take it up and
convey it to the roots and root hairs
of the plant, ready for absorption, by
them into the plant-circulation? That
Is why we find it necessary to put
add phosphate and kalnit and other
fertilizers on lands which are being
constantly cropped; it is because the
constant cropping has exhausted or
drawn out of the soil the soluble phos
phoric acid and potash, available to
the plant, and we must either put on
a fertilizer containing them in a sold
ble form, or we must let the soil rest
a while, that Is “lie fallow,” In order
that a fresh supply of plant food may
be made available by the slow action
of the soil water, the action of car
bonic acid, and the other organic acids
resulting from the decay of vegetable
and animal matters In the soil. If
you cannot afford to either put on fer
tilizer or to let your land “lie fallow/'
then your next resource is to rotate
is changed Into a number of other your crop; that is, to plant on the soil
forms, being finally converted Into a
nitrate ofter the decay of the oorlginal
sustance has been fully completed.
• As a nitrate it is in a condition
where it dissolves easily in water, and
is then absorbed by the root hairs
and drawn up into the circulation of
the plant. Now the vast majority of
plants have to obtain their nitrogen
In the roundabout manner Just describ
ed, but there are few favored plants
which are able to obtain their nitrogen
out of the air through the Instrumen
tality of certain minute organisms or
microbes in the soil. We will have
more to say of this later on. When the
organic matters I have described
above, animal or vegetable, as cotton
seed meal, blood meat, manure or
turned under green crops decay In the
soil, the carbon and hydrogen which
are contained in them are not ab
sorbed like the nitrogen through the
roots into v the plant, the plant does
not get Its supply of carbon and hy
drogen In that way. They simply re
main in the soil'to form what is known
as the humus of the soil, or the de
cayed organic matter of the soil, which
Improves its mechanical., condition,
gives it a dark or black color, and
serves as an excellent retainer of
moisture and heat in the soil. Refer
ring now to the analysis of a rich soil,
which I gave you in my last letter, we
find that besides the organic sub-i
stance about which we have just been
talking, there are also the Inorganic
or mineral substances, such as we
found in the ashes of the plant we first
analyzed.
The Various Elements Found in the
Soil.
The most abundant substance of all
these mineral or ash elements in the
soil we find to be silica,, or as you are
quainted with it, sand. You will re
member there was in this particular
rich soil 71.55 pounds of silica out *bf
every 100 pounds, and yet the wheat
plant grown on this soil only contained
two and three-quarters pounds of sili
ca out of every 100 pounds, and even
this was not absolutely essential to
the health and growth of the plant.
Although we find alumina in the soil,
we find none in the plant; Alumata
is one of the principal elements of a
dsiy soil. Iron, magnesia and sulphur
ic acid found in the soil are likewise
which has begun to fail you some
other crop of a different nature, which
may not require so much of a certain
element of plant food as the previous
crop did. For Instance, follow cotton
with peas or clover.
What Determines the Crop-Producing
Power of the Soil.
In considering the capacity of a soil
to produce crops we must remem
ber one thing, and that is that the es
sential element which exists In the
smallest amount settles the qustion of
th crop-producing powr of a soil. That
Is to say, if a soil Is vry rich in avail
able phosphoric acid, nitrogen, lime
magnesia, and the other essential ash
elements, and yet be poor In available
potash, that soil cannot produce heavy
orops without the application of an
available potaBh fertilizer. If that soil
has only available potash enough in
It to produce ten bushels of corn per
acre, or two hundred pounds of seed
cotton per acre, then all you are going
to get out of that soil is ten bushels
of corn, or two hundred pounds of
seed cotton, no matter whether there
was available phosphoric acid and ni-
trogen and lime, etc., in the soil
enough to produce forty bushels of
corn or fifteen hundred pounds of seed
cotton. This brings us to the question
of soil analysis, which we will treat in
oiir next letter.
JOHN M. McCANDLESS.
Cures Blood Poison, Cancer, Eczema,
Ulcers, Etc. Treatment Free.
If you have offensive pimples or erup
tions, ulcers on any part of the body
aching bones or joints, falling hair, mu
cous patches, swollen grinds, sore lips,
eating, festering sores, sharp, gnawing
pains, then you suffer from serious blood
poison or the beginning of deadly can
cer. It is a dangerous condition, but you
may be permanently cured by taking Bo
tanio Blood Balm (B. B. B.), made espe
cially to cure the worst bipod diseases.
It heals every sore or ulcer, stops all
.ches and pains and reduces all swell
lags. Botanic Blood Balm cures all ma
lignant blood troubles, suoh as eczema
scabs and soales, pimples, running sares,
oarbunbles, scrofula, etc. Especially ad
apted for all obstinate cases that have
reached the second or third stage. Drug
gists, $1. Trial treatment free by writing
Dr. Gillam, 213 Mitchell St., Atlanta, Ga.
Describe trouble and free medical advice
given. Medioine sent at once prepaid.
AVfegetable Prcparatbiilbr As
similating IlieFood and ma
ting the Stomachs andBowcls of
I NMn TsHfiiMli:
Promotes Digestion,Cheerful
ness andRest.Contains neither
Opium,Morphine nor Mineral.
NOT NARC OTIC.
Jdeape of OldDrSAtSUELPtTGHEl
Pumpkin Seed’'
Mx.Sejvut, *
Rochelle Sallt-
elaue Seed *
■Seed
ed At gar
vrttM. Flavor.
A perfect Remedy for Constipa
tion , Sour Stomach,Diarrhoea
Worms .Convulsions .Feverish
ness and Loss OF SLEEP.
Facsimile Signature oP
NEW YORK.
/kt (j month-; ol(l
15 -D <.»■«*■k S -r- |yt. L N 1 %
IE
You Havp
Always Bough!
EXACT COPY OF WRAPPER.
Thirty Years
CASTORIA
YMB CCNTAUH COMPANY. NIW YONH OITY.
PENNSYLVANIA PURE RYE,
EIGHT YEARS OLD.
OLD SHARPE WILLIAMS
Pour ful Quarts of this Fine -.Old, Pnre
RYE WHISKEY,
$3.50
We ship on approval in plain, sealed boxes,
with no marks to indicate contents. When lyou
receive it and test it, If it is not satisfactory,
return it at our expense and we wil return your
$3.50. We guarantee this brand to be
EIGHT YEARS OLP.
Eight bottles for $6 60, express prepaid;
12 bottfes for $0 60 express preoaid.
One gallon jug, express prepaid, $3 00 j
2 gallon'jug, express prepaid, $6 50.
No charge for boxing.
We handle all the leading brands of Rye and
Bourbon Whiskies and will save you
The Macon Telegraph.
Published every day and Sunday,
and Twicq-a-Week, by The Macon
Telegraph Publishing Co. *
Subscription Daily and Sunday,
.00 per annum. Daily except
Sunday, $5.00 per annum. Twice
a-Week, $1.00 per annum.
Best advertising medium in the
city. Rates furnished on appli
cation. & f
50 Pev Cent, on Your Purchases:
, Quart, Gallon.
Kentucky Star Bourbon $ 36 $125
Elkridge Bourbon 40 160
Boon Hollow Bourbon 45 165
Celwodd Pure Rye 60 l DP
Monogram Rye 55 2 00
McBrayer Rye 60 225
Maker’s A AAA 65 240
O. O. P. (Old Oscar Pepper) 65 240
Old Crow 75 250
Fincher’s Golden Wedding 75 2 50
Hoffman House Rye..... 90 300
Mount Vernon, 8 years old 106 360
Old Dillinger Rye, 10 years old,.... 125 4 00
The above are only a few brands.
Send for a catalogue.
All other 3oods by the gallon, such as Corn
Whiskey, Peach and Apple Brandies, etc., sold
equally as low, from $125 a gallon and upward
We make a speciasty of the Jug Trade?
and all orders oy Mail or Telgeraph wilj
have our prompt attention: Special
inducements offered.
Mail Orders shipped same day of the
receipt of order.
The Altmayer & Flateau
Liquor Company,
606, 508, 510, 512 Fourth Street, near
Union Passenger Depot.
MACON, GEORGIA.
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