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PH II iJU-WBPBBB—WWWWCWOW—WW
THE CONSTITUTIONALIST.
JAMES GARDNER. JrT
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Further foreign extracts.
The steamer Great Britain has been partial
ly raised from her bed in Dundrum bay, but
she was not yet got off, although great hopes
were entertained of ultimate success.
The Niagara, the second of the new steam
ers for the Cunard line, Mas launched at
Greenock on the 28th ult. The third new
steamer, called the Europe, is to be launched
in a short time.
The British Parliament.— The Queen pro- J
rogued Parliament on the 23d ult. The fol
lowing in her speech ;
My Lords and Gentlemen :
1 have much satisfaction in being able to re
lease you from the duties of a laborious and
anxious session. I cannot take leave of you
without expressing my grateful sense of the
assiduity and zeal with which you have applied
yourselves to the consideration of the public
interests.
Your attention has been principally directed
to the measures of immediate relief, which a
great and unprecedented calamity rendered
necessary.
I have given mv cheerful assent to those
laws which, by allowing the free admission of
grain, and by affording facilities for the use of
sugar in breweries -And distilleries, tend to in
crease the quantity of human food, and to
promote commercial intercourse.
I rejoice to find that you have in no in
stance proposed new restrictions, or interfered
with the liberty of foreign or internal trade, as
a mode of relieving distress. I feel assured
that such measures are generally ineffectual,
and, in some cases, aggravate the evils for the
alleviation of which they are adopted.
I cordially approve of the acts of large and
liberal bounty by which you have assuaged the
sufferings of my Irish subjects. I have also
readily given my sanction to a law to make
better provision for the permanent relief of the
destitute in Ireland. I have likewise given
my assent to various bills calculated to pro
mote the agriculture and develone the indus
try of that portion of the United Kingdom.—
My attention shall be directed to such further
measures as may be conducive to those salu
tary purposes.
My relations with foreign powers continue
to insoire me with confidence in the mainten
ance of oeace.
It has afforded me great satisfaction to find
that the measures which, in concert with the
King of the French, the Queen of Spain, and
the Queen of Portugal, I have taken for the
pacification of Portugal, have been attended
with success; and that the civil war, which
for many months had afflicted that country,
has at last been brought to a bloodless termi
nation.
I indulge the hope that future differences
between political parties in that country may
be settled without an appeal to arms.
Gentlemen of the House, of Commons :
I thank yon for your willingness in granting
me the necessary supplies; they shall be applied
with due care and economy to the public ser
vice.
I am happy to inform you that, notwith
standing the high price of food, the revenue
has, U ) to the present time, been more produc
tive than I had i-eason to anticipate. The in
creased use of articles of general consumption
has chief! v contributed to this result. The
revenue derived from sugar especially has been
greatly augmented by the removal of the pro
hibitory duties on foreign sugar.
The various grants which you have made for
education in the United Kingdom will, I trust,
be conducive to the religious and moral im
provement of my people.
My Lords and Gentlemen:
I think proper to inform you that it is my
intention immediately to dissolve the present
Parliament.
I rely with confidence on the loyality to the
throne, and attachment to the free institutions
of this country, which animate the great body
of my people. I join with them in supplica
tions to Almighty God, that the dearth by
which we have been afflicted may, by the Di
vine blessing, be converted into cheapness and
plenty.
Food from the United States.—On the
the 20th ult., the following interesting debate
took place :
Mr. Brotherton moved an address to her
Majesty “that she will be graciously pleased to
direct that there be laid before this House a
copy of the letter from the Secretary of State
for Foreign Affairs to her Britannic Majesty’s
Minister at 'Washington, acknowledging the
donations in food and money of the legislature
and citizens of the United States of America
for the relief of the famine in Ireland.” The
hon. gentleman then referred to the great a
mount of misery in Ireland, and to the very
large contributions raised in America for the 1
relief of that country, one committee having '
raised a sum of not less than £109,000, and !
another of £60,000. The expedition with
which these large contributions were convert- I
ed into food and transmitted to Ireland was I
also matter of surprise as well as gratitude.—
The hon. gentleman having read extracts from
several letters received from various parts of
the United States, to show the promptitude
with which the humane exertions of the Ame
rican people were conducted, proceeded to ob
serve that after the manifestations of such
kindly feelings on their part, we could do no
less than give expression to the gratitude which
we felt. (Hear, hear.) He regarded the con
duct of America, in this respect, as of great
importance, seeing it tended to confirm those
friendly relations that existed between the two
countries, and would aid in laying the founda
tions of lasting peace. These reasons justified
him in moving that this address be presented
to her Majesty, simply with the view of elici
ting the strong expressions of national grati
tude which he was certain were felt in every
part of her Majesty’s dominions. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. W. Brown concurred in what had been
said by the hon. gentleman with regard to the
effect upon the amicable relations of the
two countries which the recent conduct of
America was calculated to produce. It was
not merely the amount of their contributions,
but the promptness with which vessels were
placed at the disposal of the contributors for
the transmission of grain to Ireland, and the
kindness and hospitality which were shown to
those who went from this country to procure
provisions, that demanded their gratitude and
esteem* (Hear, hear.) There was one sea
ture in the transaction deserving of particu- [
lax notice, namely, that part of the donations
came from our red brethern in the west.
Lord Palmerston.-I have very great pleasure
“in acquiescing in and supporting the motion O'
my hon. friend. The only regret I can feel
oii the occasion is, that although the despatch
for which he has moved expresses in strong |
terms the feelings of her Majesty’s Govern
ment and the feelings which we believe ani
mate the whole of the British nation, still I
am sensible that no terras which could have
been employed by me could adequately con
vey the feelings of thankfulness and admira
tion which the conduct of our brethren in the
United States must have excited amongst all
classes of her Majesty’s subjects. As my
hon. friend has stated, not only was the sup
ply sont large, liberal, and generous in amount,
but the manner in which it was sent,the promp
titude with which it was forwarded, and the
strong feeling of interest whichwas expressed on
the part of ail those who had contributed to that
sifhply, were more almost than could possibly
be expected on the part of persons who, how
ever united to us in origin and bolind to Us
by every tie of language and religion, of man
ners and habits, still being separated by a
mightv expanse of ocean, could not be ani
mated perhaps by the same extent of sympa
thy by which our brethren in the United
Statesjiave been so honorably distinguished.
I agree with my hon. friend that transactions
of this nature are calculated to cement in the
strongest manner those ties which ought to
unite kindred nations, and it is this cir
cumstance which ought not to be lost sight of,
—that while on the one hand acts of gene
rosity, such as these, bind and rivit the affec
* tions of those upon whom they have been con
ferred, on the other hand they tend, by the
very exercise (which accompanies them of
good and kindly feelings, to increase the af
fection of those who have been the objects of
those generous acts. And therefore. Sir, both
in regard to the feelings which those actions
proclaim in America, I am happy to think
that, whatever may have been the sufferings
and calamities which gave rise to these acts,
at all events they will so far have been attend
ed with happy results, that they have afforded
to our brethren in the United States an op
portunity of doing that which will never be
forgotten by the people of this country, and, I
hope, for a long time, will increase the good
feeling of the people of the United States to
wards their brethren in this country. (Cheers.)
Lord Morpeth said, as he had had very pe
culiar opportunities of noticing the warmth of j
feeling which existed in eve ;y part of the j
Union towards the inhabitants of this, which
they called “the old” country, he could not |
help declaring has participation in the feelings
of satisfaction and thankfulness expressed by j
the hon. member and by his noble friends. It
was impossible to overrate the strength of
those feelings, evinced by the warmth of sym
pathy which had been called forth in Ameri
ca, and by the liberal and substantial tokens
which had accompanied it, and which, he
trusted, would be considered to be amply ac
knowledged by the despatch of his noble |
friend. But he was not sorry that, before j
Parliament rose, feelings such as those ex
pressed by the hon. members,had found a vent |
within the walls of that House. He had re<F
ceived letters recently from New York, des- j
cribing the measures taken there for securing
the health and comfort of the destitute emi- |
grants from this country, and at Boston an
island had been set apart for, and appropriated i
to hospitals. He believed that the same !
kindly spirit prevailed all over the Union, j
from Maine to New Orleans, and although |
occasionally causes of soreness and subjects of j
altercation would unavoidably arise between ;
the two countries, as between other nations, j
the touchstone of calamity was only wanting
to call forth at all times whatever was most 1
generous and kind in our nature. He bore i
with pleasure his testimoney to the value of
those feelings which the calamities of Ireland
had elicited in America. (Hear, hear.)
The motion was then agreed to.
At the dinner of the Koval Agricultural
Society at Northampton, on the 22d ult., Mr.
Bancroft, the American Ambassador, upon the
health of “The Foreign Ministers” being given,
made the following graceful speech;—He said
that he could hardly find words to express his
gratitude for the kind manner in which his
country had been alluded to. Although the
Minister of a foreign country, he was not alto
gether a stranger in that meeting, for nature
had established bonds of union between the
farmers of every nation on the face of the earth.
The same sun shone upon them all; the same
seasons as they returned furnished the seed
time, and ripened the harvest. The celestial
influences to which he must look for a blessing
on his exertions might well blend in the breats
of the husband man with that spirit of brother
hood which had made the tillers of the soil—
especially those of Anglo-Saxon origin—the
guardians of freedom and conservators of peace.
Wherever the councils of the cultivators of
the soil prevailed, there it was certain that
nations would dwell in peace. Nor was that
the only point on which foreign nations found
themselves interested in societies of this kind.
Wherever he turned his eyes he beheld evi
dence of the spirit of enterprise and improve
ment which distinguished the people of this
country. They rilled every clime of fruit and
flowers to enhance the value of their own.
Every where you had evidence of the combina
tions of interests which connected together the
nations of the earth. Since he had been in
England, he had seen American plants to which
English skill and culture had been applied,
and they had attained a degree of beauty and
perfection which they never possessed in their
native soil. It had afforded him the highest
gratification to witness the beauty of the horses
and stock exhibited that day. Agriculture in
his country differed very much from that in
England. In England the farmers went through
a course of work which had been continued
i from century to century, and had only to per
-1 feet what their forefathers had handed down
' to them; the Americans, on the other hand,
; had to grapple with the dfiiculties of nature —
! to tame,, subdue, and render useful the natural
{ exuberance of their exhaustless soil. Nothing
had struck him more since he had been in Eng
land than the manner in which the fields were
cultivated and weeded by the hoe and the hand.
■ In America the trees wore older than the roads
| —older than the towns —and where spared,
were the oldest monuments existing in the
country. In England not an animal was suf
fered to live, unless it could produce a passport
and prove its rights to be fattened and fed.
The farmers of England cultivated the soil be
neath those beloved churches which stood
amidst the graves of their fathers, that seemed
to shed a sacred influence on their toil. With
the American, beneath whose blows the forests
fell —with that moving and active population,
those who now lived upon the soil were more
numerous than all who slept beneath it. There
the agriculturists, with the instruments of
husbandry in their hands, were obliged to
erect school houses and churches, and prepare
for competition with the mother country in all
that was calculated to promote the prosperity
of mankind by the advancement of religion,
and the cultivation of science and art. In the
name of every American he responded to the
wish that peace might forever prevail between
the two countries. Let it be hoped that the
relations of commerce, and the interchange of
intelligence between the cultivators of the soil -
m the two countries, would knit them togeth
er m such bonds of amity, that no apprehensions 1
ol a rupture need be entertained. With those 1
sentiments j uttered from lus heart and soul, he
( responded to the sympathy shown for his
country, and would conclude by praying for
the prosperity of the farmers of England.
Unusual Visiter . —An Alligator of large size
made b\s appearance off Dewees’ wharf yester
day, and attracted the attention of a number
of persons. A gentleman who has an office in
the neighborhood, obtained a rifle, and at the
second fire succeeded in placing a ball in the
back part of the head of the monster, which
wounded him so severely that he sank; but as
he went down in shoal water he was secured,
and drawn on the wharf, and measured twelve
feet in length. We understand that one was
also shot from the breach at Moultrieville a
few days since. These were no doubt driven
into our harbor by the recent freshets in some
of our water coux'ses. — Charleston Courier , 2-ith
inst.
Augusta, (Georgia.
FOR GOVERNOR
HOH. G. W. TOWNS.
• OF TALBOT.
Opinions of the Hen. John I>l. Berrien on
the Tariff
In a recent editorial, we made use of the fol
lowing expression in reference to General
; Clinch, whose opinions on this question have
[ not been vouchsafed to the world by any do
i cumcnt that has met our sight:
“And yet he may be a high toned ultra tariff
i man —as much so as Abbot Lawrence himself,
or Henry Clay, or John McPherson Berrien.”
To this, the Chronicle % Sentinel takes ex
ception. We clip from it the following Which
is a portion of its reply:
We have before us the views of Mr. Clay
and Mr. Berrien in reference to the subject
j alluded to in the above extract.
Ist. As to Mr. Clay’s, we give his own lan
guage s
“Stability, with moderate and certain protec
tion; is far more important than instability, the
necessary consequence of high protection.”
We now submit Mr. Berrien’s language on
the same subj ect:
“I believe that the revenues of the GoX’em
inent should be raised by duties on imports
and not by direct taxation. * * * With
in the limits of revenue , however, I have here
tofore avowed myself to be, as I now am, an
advocate for the protection of our domestic in
dustry, by a wise discrimination in favor of
: those articles, which, sustained by this protec
tion, can be produced at home. * * *
What I have advocated, and still advocate, is
a tariff for revenue and discrimination for pro
tection.”
The Chronicle has not favored us with a re*
ference so that we might know from what por
tion or portions of the voluminous and contra
; dictory opinions of Judge Berrien this is taken.
■ The editor has a wide field to cu 1 from. lie
i may go back to the address of the Free Trade
Convention assembled in Philadelphia in Oc
tober, 1831, and follow the Honorable Senator
: in his devious meanderings on this subject to
his Boston speech on the nineteenth Septem-
I ber, 1844; or even to his apolegetic, concilia
j tory, explanatory and vindicatory speech at
Milledgeville, November 13th, 184-3, in which
| this political Proteus again “defined his posi
tion.” What the Honorable Senator’s opin
ions really are, what the opinions he would
| advocate at any future time when the tariff
; question may come up practically for legisla
tion, “we arc weary of conjecture,” But
what his opinions have been in times past, we
have before Us. In the address which the
Free Trade Convention put forth, and which
Mr. Berrien was selected to Write in compli
ment to his great abilities and his remarkable
zeal in the cause of Free Trade, we find the
following language I
Distinguished as this system is, (the pro
tective tariff )by every characteristic which may
define a tyranny the most odious, why should
we, who are its victims, not stand Upon our ;
chartered rights r * * * *
As men and brethem we appeal to you,then,
: to unite your efforts with ours in the correc
tion of this abuse. A system which is unequal
in its operation, and therefore unjust—which
is oppressive, because it burdens the many for
the benefit of the few —grossly,fatally, unwise,
and impolitic, since it is subversive of the har
mony of the Union—which is in violation of
the principles of free government, and utter
ly at variance with the spirit of justice and
mutual concession in which the Constitution
was conceived and adopted ; such a system, if
! persevered in, must alienate our affections from
j each other, engender discontents and ani
: mosities, and lead inevitably, and with a force
which no hum in power can resist, to the most
awful of all calamities. * * * *
We are the advocates of free trade. The
argument which sustains it rests upon a pro
position which may not bo denied. It is the j
unquestionable right of every individual to ap- j
ply his laber and capital in the mode which he
may conceive best calculated to promote his
own interest. * I * * *
Lawe which protect by bounty any peculiar
species of labor, cannot be said to encourage
American industry—that is, directed to vari
ous objects. These laws favor only a single
class; and since the bounty is not supplied by
the Government, but taken from the pocket of
the individual, the protection which is given
to one species of labor, is so given at the ex
pense of every other. That course of legis
lation, which leaves American capital and la
bor to the unfettered discretion of those who
possess the one and apply the other, can alone
be denominated the “Americon system,” * *
The constitution of the U. S. had its origin
in a spirit of compromise. Its object is the
security of those rights which are committed
to its protection —its principle that of an equal
participation in the benefits and the burdens of
the Government. A system of taxation which
is unequal in its operations, which oppresses
| the many for the benefit of the few, is therefore
i unjust, not merely with reference to the great
and immutable principles of right which are
applicable to human conduct, but is moreover
in direct collision with that constitutional
equality of right, which this instrument was
this confessedly intended to secure. A dis
tinguished jurist of Massachusetts, one who is
advantageously known as such to the people of
the Union, has said of the system of which we
complain, that it is calculated “to destroy many
of the great objects for which the Constitution
of the U* S. was originally framed and adopt
ed.” Who will affirm that such a system can
consist with the spirit of the Constitution?
These were the opinions of Mr. Berrien at
that time on the subject of Fx - ee Trade. These
were his denunciations of the unconstiution
ality—the injustice and iniquity of class legis
lation, which in his own language “oppresses
THE MANY FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE FEW.”
These were his denunciations of the fraud—
the oppression, and outrageous corruption of
the tariff act of 1828—called the bill of abomi
nations.
9 I
Yet after the compromise act was establish
ed, and after it had run its career of nine years
of protection for the sake of protection to the
favored interests, the time arrived for the es
tablishment of a tariff law pursuant to the
ideas promulgated by Judge Berrien in 1831.
What was doner The tariff act of 1842 was
passed by the tariff!tes, which, was notorious
ly—confessedly worse in many of its features
than the famous bill of abominations. It con
tained THE MINIMUM PRINCIPLE, which WOS OS
gross a fraud as was ever perpetrated in the
form of legislation on any people that the sun
ever shone upon—a fraud that nominally laid
a duty of 20 per cent on articles which by
! an ingenious adjustment of minimums, really
imposed duties of 150 to 200 per cent. It
contained the principle of specific duties,which
being a fixed amount, also enhanced the duty
in many instances to double the rate ow
ing to subsequent reductions in the prime cost
of the foreign article.
Some of the beauties of this law may be
found in the following table of ad valorem du
ties, calculated from actual’importations :
| Coarse plain Cottons 59 to 160 per cent.
Dyed “ 31 to 160 “ “
Cotton, twist, yarn and
thread, uncolored 33 to 117 “ “
Flannels 40 to 100 “ “
■ Hemp used for Cordage 49 to 83 “ “
Tarred Cables and Cordage 76 to 88 “ “
Untarred Cordage 85 to 130 “ “
Cottoii Bagging 39 to 70 “ “
Gunny Cloth 80 to 90 “ “
Iron, in bars or bolts 75 to 120 “ “
Kail Koad Iroil fd to 120 “ “
Pig Iron 74 to 90 “ “
Iron and Steel Wire 267 to 270 “ **
Iron in sheets 35 to 170 “ “
Hoop Iron 100 to 186 “ “
And various other duties on manufactures
; of Iron at similar rates.
Manufactures of Glass of
various kinds ranging
from 135 to 389 per cent.
Sugar from 65 to 190 “ “
Molasses from 35 to 170 “ “
Salt from 106 to 170 “
Spirits distilled from grain 155 to 220 “ “
• We might increase this list to a tedious
length. But it is sufficient to show this tariff
to be a protective tariff—a tariff in which pro
tection was the principal object, a tariff which
in the language of Judge Berrien applied to
that of 1828* “Oppresses the many for the
BENEFIT OF THE FEW;”
But what is the language, iii September
1844 of this same Statesman in reference to
this tariff. It is the language of eulogy—of
the most profound admiration.
It was spokcri at the Boston meeting, the
same one at which the abolitionist Cassius M.
Clay was an honored guest—sat on the same
platform with Mr. Berrien—harangued the
multitude, and denounced the annexation of
Texas as a “nefarious scheme for the spread of
slavery.” It was at this meeting, in the very
j sight of abolition banners flaunting in the air,
the Georgia Senator exclaimed that “he had
come to give to the whigs of the North, the
cordial greetings of the whigs of Georgia, and
to say from them that they were animated with
the same spirit which beat in the bosoms of those
before them."
He takes occasion in that speech to eulogize
the protective tariff system. He says that the
argument in the Senate of Mr. Choate, the
Massachusetts Senator,on its constitutionality
“challenges refutation.” He there asserts that
on two great questions—the Tariff and the
Annexation of Texas, “the whig party through
out the* Union are united in council and in
: action.” He then exclaims “Fellow-citizens !
we have looked at this question in various
aspects; There is yet another which is full of
interest. It is the practical result of the tariff
of 1342 in its operation, both upon the govern
ment and the people during the short period
of its existence.*’ He thus proceeds to eulo
gize its beneficial operations. “The tariff act
was passed, and instantly, even before its practi
cal influence could be felt in the extent to which
it is now felt, the whole aspect of affairs was
changed." He concludes his eulogy with the
exclamation. “Fellow-citizens! we cannot part
with a system thus benifleent in its influence upon
the government and upon every class of the people
in all their varied interests, pecuniary , social and
I moral."
The Senator from Georgia becomes, at the
close of his speech, quite excited at the idea that
this, his beloved tariff of 1842, might be re
pealed. He pathetically exclaims, “Do you de
sire the repeal of the present tariff I Would you
paralize the arm of industry? Strike down
your factories? Deprive the laboring man of
his just reward? Destroy confidence between
man and man? Reduce your Government to
bankruptcy? In a word, would you revive
those scenes of public and private distress
through which we have so recently passed?”
Oh Jeremiah, what a wonderful spirit of
prophecy!
The next time that the Chronicle § Sentinel
favors the public with elegant extracts from
either the tariff or the anti-tariff speeches of
the Honorable John McPherson Berrien, we
hope, that for the benefit of the opponents of
protective tariffs, it will include among them
the following celebrated ejaculation.
It is copied from a publication of Judge Ber
rien’s Albany speech, in the Georgia Journal,
Sept. 10th, 1844,
“When called upon, he told twenty thou
sand patriotic Georgians, that the man who, in
view of such results to the country, would re
: fuse to vote for the protection of the industry,
he might be a very good British subject, but
I swear,” said he, “that he could not be an A
merican Patriot.”
The Meeting - at Dalton.
An invitation from the Committee of the
Dalton Rail Road Meeting, on the 18th inst.,
decided us to gratify a long cherished desire
to visit that interesting section of Georgia.
We therefore esconced our editorial person in
one of the cars of the Georgia Rail Road
on the night of the 16th inst., atid were soon
speeding on our way to the new embryo city
of the picturesque, fertile and populous coun
yof Murray. The cars, several in number,
:
were crowded, many of the passengers being
citizens of Augusta and its vicinity—all im
pelled by a laudable curiosity, many calcu
lating to unite business with pleasure, and
some from a feeling of ennui were leaving our
healthy and cool, but dull city, for the sake
of a little variety. For as the old song says
of the shining stars, the growing trees, and
making love to the ladies,
“They had nothing else to do.”
The night was cool and balmy—the stars
twinkled brightly, and for a time the new
moon, who “had not yet filled her horn,” shed
silvery radiance on field and forest—on
muddy stream and bounding rivulet, save
when light, fleecy clouds were drifted over
her young face, and shrouded the ever vary
ing landscape in darkness. Some of the pas
sengers had the advantage of the moon, for
they had “filled their horns, ”and emptied them
too, apparently so often, that they were neither
as mild and noiseless, or* as agreable as moon
light. The morning broke upon us chilly and
drizzling, and Stone Mountain, with its Cloud- I
capp’d tower, was so girt with mist as to leave
only its base and portions of its rugged sides
visible. Having more than a year ago des
cribed this great and wonderful freak of na
ture, we shall not here pause to speak of its
remarkable attractions, though we found them
in many respects enhanced upon our recent
visit during the Agricultural Fair.
We breakfasted at Atlanta—that thriving
place, which almost now can claim to be a
and aspires to be the future metropolis of
Georgia. It ought to be the seat of intelli
gence as well as of enterprise if newspapers !
be any index of “the march of mind,” for
already it has as many as Savannah and Au
gusta put together. It is, in one respect, like
what the great city of Liverpool was for a long
time after it had risen to commercial impor
tance. It has no Bank of its own. It has not
even a Branch, or an agency. This want,
however, they will probably not have cause to
complain of much longer.
Marietta, twenty miles above, we reached
in good time, and in the midst of a shower.
The up country Has been riot less bountifully
supplied with rain than middle Georgia, as j
the Splendid crops of corn, and the green, good
sized, but almost bollless crops of cotton at
tested. Beyond Mari tta, was to Us— terra in
cognita. Beyond that point, the far famed
beauty of scenery, purity of atmosphere, and
fertility of soil, were known to us only by des- I
cription. We now had an oportunity of be- J
holding with our own eyes a portion of this
noble region of country, which has perhaps |
not inappropriately been called the garden
spot of Georgia. Yet to term it a garden spot,
however much it may convey the idea of beau- j
ty and productiveness, suggests no thoughts
of that grandeur of outline—that boundless
ness of resources—that wonderful and diver
sified power of production which characterize
it. About two miles from Marietta, is the
highest point between the waters of the At
lantic and the waters o's the Tennessee, along
the whole route of the Rail Hoad to Chatta
nooga. That point Is about 1203 feet above the
level of the ocean, and abbu't 000 feet higher
than Chattariooga. From’ that point it is a
downward grade to Dalton, and when the
road is continued, will be so to Chattano'ogd,
with variations, of course, fi r shoVt distances';
As we wound round the base of the Kc'ric- 1
saw Mountain, a beautiful cone ascending a
bout 600 feet, and wooded to the top, we came
upon an extensive valley, from which we could
sec in the distance the blue tops of mountains j
in several of the Cherokee counties. From
this point, it is 22 miles to the Alatoona cut, j
which is for some distance through granite
The side w alls are about sixty feet high.—
Beyond this, is an extensive country of table !
land —less hilly—less undulating than the
country of middle Georgia—and as lovely a
land as the eye could wish to rest upon. It I
seems fresh from the hand of nature, and
covered with primeval verdure, except where
you pass occasional fields and farms which
teem with abundance. These were laden with
what seemed to us heavy crops of corn. Yet
we were afterwards told that we saw but lit
tle good land, for most of these only pro
duced from twenty to twenty-five bushels
of corn. The good lands upon the creeks and 1
rivers and in coves yielded from fifty to
sixty bushels per acre. The average produc
tiveness per acre of good land in that coun
try, is said to be about 40 bushels. The crops
that we saw, indicated that the Cherokee re
gion of Georgia will prove a granary for the ,
South that must totally supercede the ship
ment of corn from Virginia and North Caro
lina to Charleston and Savannah, which was
formerly the course of trade.
It was late in the afternoon of the 17th
when we arrived with a long train of well fil
led passenger cars at Dalton. The distance
from Augusta is 270 miles. The delay arose
from the great weight of humanity and ac
companying baggage. It was beyond the
power of the engine to pull it along at a rapid
rate. The crowd continued to increase at
every station, until the train did finally.
“ Like a wounded snake drag its slow length
along.”
The accommodations at Dalton were rough
of course, and the guests crowded together
into rooms without much distinction of per
sons. Yet we found at the Dalton Hotel, un
der the management of Henry 11. Bolton, for
merly of Columbia county, very good fare,
attentive servants, and luckily a very comfor
table bed. In the latter respect, all there were
not so fortunate. We believe that this house
gave more satisfaction to its guests, than any
other did at Dalton,
The town of Dalton, like Washington City,
is one of magnificent distances. It is laid out
on a large scale. The streets arc wide and
long—the houses, or rather groups of houses,
few and far between, and you ride about in
hacks and omnibuses. An omnibus in the
wild woods of Murray was a city convenience
we scarcely expected to see. Stages leave Dal
ton three times a week for Chattanooga, 32
miles. It is an interesting trip, through a fine
country, and affording some magnificent vicw r s.
Time did not permit us to makq the trip.
That Dalton can ever rcalize~the towering
hopes of its founders, and present owner, we
think impossible. What it might become
w'ere the rail road to be extended no further,
we wall not discuss, for that contingency is
out of the question. It will go to the Tennes
see as certain as the sun shines, and so we be
lieve the best informed citizens of Dalton and
its vicinity think. In the state generally, this
is the settled opinion.
On the 18th, the day fixed for the barbacuc,
the rail road train arrived just before two
o’clock, bringing another large accession to
the assembled multitude. The people contin
ued all the morning flocking on in families and
crowds—all ages, sexes and conditions were on
the ground. People from every part of the
state, from the mountains to the Florida line
—from the Savannah to the Chattahoochee,
were there. Many acquaintancs who had lived
tor years within 50 miles of each other without
meeting, there met amidst that wild mountain
1 scenery. Each one was inquiring of the other,
; what is this meeting for? What is to be done?
who is to speak? Is it political? Is it to dis
cuss the Hail Road extension? No one could
answer. Each visitor replied that he was there
simply to see the country—to go as far as the
rail road would carry him. The preparations
however were ample—an abundant barbacuc
was prepared, which after the speaking was
over, feasted thousands, and enough was left
to feast as many more.
A stand was erected, a place cleaned out and
rough seats constructed. Col. Crook, of Chat
| tooga mounted the rostrum and delivered a
written address to an assemblage of about
three thousand people, on the subject of Rail
Roads in general—their origin, progress find
improvements—the advantage of them to the
world in general, and the especial benefit of
that stupendous work, the State Road, to the
citizens of Cherokee in particulir. He eu
logized in just and glowing terras the great
physical resources of Georgia, the energetic
spirit of her people and her prophecied desti
ny. He concluded by saying “may she be
the Empire State of the South, and Dalton be
her Rochester.” The first is certain —the
j Second— doubtful. After him followed the
speakers whom we will name in the order in
w hich they spoke. Mr. Lawton, of Savannah,
Mr. Lawton, of Charleston; Mr. Miller, of
Augusta; Mr. Gardner, do.; Colonel Miller,
I and Colonel Gardner, as they were announced
jby the Chairman. Then Col. Shackelford, of
; Cass, and filially Col; Johnson; of Milledge
■ villc. The speeches Were all short, and most
ly impromptu. Col; Johnson’s was a beauti
i ful piece of declamation. The rest remarkable
i for nothing except that all, save Col. Shackkel
ford took open ground in favor of extending the
State Road to the Tennessee. They were
listened to with respect, and attention. Op
posing, as it is presumed they did, the wishes
of the local population, it is creditable to the
good mariners of the latter there assembled,
that they bore the assault on their cherished
desires so well. Col. Shackleford, who is a
very handsome speaker, while intimating views
supposed to be more acceptable, did not elicit
very marked tokens of approbation. From
all wc can learn we do not think that the op
i position to the extension is very formidable at
Dalton. At least the force which Dalton in
terests can array in opposition will be feeble/
! Other interests may combine to give it more
str6ngth;
We wore riot altogether pleased with the
lofcartiorf of Dal ton. The air seemed more hu
mid than* is'coVripa&bWwifh health-flie water
not good, tlvorighf Just Out of the' town are
some very fine blue limestone springs. The
soil is close and sticky, like prairie mud; ami
must make Dalton a disagreeable plrice iri win
ter. But, notwithstanding all this, Dalton is
destined to be a very considerable place. Be
fore the rail road can be completed to Chatta
nooga it will have obtained firm foothold. —
There is a rich country surrounding it. The
people, judging from their appearance as we
saw them, are hardy, industrious and enter
prising, and the Dalton merchants able and
willing to make the best use of their opportu
nities to establish a permanent trade for the
place.
New Cotton
The Mobile Advertiser, of 20th inst., says
—“One bale of new cotton was received yester
terday, per steamer Creole, consigned to James
Walsh, being the first arrival of new cot
ton at our market this season.”
Crops, &c.
The St. Landry Whig of the 12th inst., says
that the cotton worms, which had made their
appearance in that Parish, are not the simon
pure cotton eaters which were so destructive
last year, and that they are simply the common
grass worm, which make their appearance every
year, more or less.
At the present writing, the Whig adds, we
have as fine weath for the crops as can be de
sired, and have just been shown by one of our
planters, residing on Bayou Tccbe, a specimen
of a stem of cotton from the main stalk, which
contains nine bolls of cotton, five of them joined
together. It has been deposited at Gen. Bell’s
depository of curiosities. If Mr. Caterpillar
will only keep off a short time, and we have
favorable weather to mature the bolls already
formed, a very large crop of cotton will be
made.
The cane, also presents a beautiful appear
ance, as w r ell as can be desired.
The Franklin (Ala.) Democrat. 18th inst.,
says—“ From various sources in the South we
hear much complaint that the worm and other
causes are doing much damage to the cotton
erop. In this neighborhood, as far as we can
learn, the cotton crop w-as never so promising-
The corn cromp proises an abundant yield.
TheNewYork Sun, of 20th inst., says—“ The
Steam Ship “United States” will be launched
this (Friday,) at half past 3 o clock, P. M-,
instead of 4, as previously announced, from
Wm. H. Webb’s ship yard, foot of sth street.
East River. She is the second vessel for the
U. S. Mail Line between New York and Bre
men.