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the CONSTITUTIONALIST. 1
' JAMES GAK uNE R, JR.
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From, the C ironicle Sen'inel Extra, 3Jlh alt .]
ANOTHER EXPRESS!!!
24 Hours in Advance ot the Mail!
HIGHLY IMPORTANT FROM
MEXICO! J
MO R E EXCITING N E-W S ER O M
GEN. SCOTT’S ARMY.
ANOTHER BATTLE AND ANOTHER
VICTORY !
THE ARMISTICE CONCLUDED.
BATTLE OF MILL DEL KEY ! I
REPORTED REPULSE of our ARMY,
With a Heavy Loss.
RUMORS OF THE DEATHS OF
0-3N3. WORTH, SMITH & PILLOW.
Battle of Chapultepec.
GREAT AMERICAN VICTORY.
GENERAL SCOTT IN THE CITY OF
MEXICO.
GENS. BRAVO AND LEON KILLED.
AND SANTA NNNA WOUNDED!
LETTERS OF SANTA ANNA AND GEN.
Scott Terminating: the Armistic*.
PROPOSITIONS OF MR. TRIST.
PROPOSITIONS OF THE MEXICANS
&c. &c. &c.
[From the New Orleann Picayune, ICy{h inst ]
The steamship James L. Day, Capt. O r Gra
dy, arrived yesterday from Vera Cruz, which
place she left on the evening of the 21st inst.,
bringing intelligence of the greatest impor
tance. Immediately on the receipt of our pa
pers and despatches we issued an extra con
taining the news—brief, but sufficient to sa
tisfy public curiosity, and allay the anxity for
the fate of the army, caused by the length of
time which had transpireed without news, and
the probability that hostilities had been re
sumed.
As we anticipated, in our paper of yesterday,
the negotiations resulted in nothing. The
last letter from Mr. Kendall, is dated the 6th
instant, and our tile of the Dlario del Gobierno
does not come down later than the -4th, but
the Arco Iris of Vera Cruz has a letter from
the city of Mexico dated the 16th inst., togeth
er with extracts from the Dlario del Gobierno
and the Boletin of Atlixco, to the 12th, which,
together with the letter we publish. The
manner in which the armistice was terminated
will be learned from the extrac swe copy. A
perusal of Mr. Kendall’s letter however, will
at once show that a feeling of hostility was
growing with the people of the capital as 1
early even as the 30th of last month, and the
Congress of the State of Mexico in session at
Toluca had declared against peace. Notwith
standing repeated beligcront demonstrations
by the enemy, and a positive violation of the
armistice in our wagons not being permitted
by the mob to enter the city for provisions, ne
gotiations were still pending to as late a date
as the 6th. The Arco Iris received letters from
Mexico under date of the 9th stating that on
the 7th the Mexican commissioners declared
that the propositions made by Mr. Trist were
inadmissible, in consequence of which Gen.
Santa Anna, convoked a council of generals,
who decided that notice should be given im
mediately to Gen. Soott that the armistice
•was at an end, and appointed the 9th for the
recommencement of hostilities.
On the 6th Gen. Scott addressed from Ta
cubaya the following note to Santa Anna:
HE.vnau.uixEiis Army of the U. States 7.
Sept. 6, 1847. >
To his Excellency the President and General-in-Chief
of the Republic of Mexico.
The 7th and 12th articles of the armistic or
military convention which I had the honor of
ratifying and exchanging with your Excellency
on the 24th ult., stipulate that the army under
my command shall hare the privilege of obtain
ing supplies from the city of Mexico. There
were repeated violations of these articles soon
after the armistice was signed, and I have now
good reasons for believing that within the last
twenty-four hours, if not before, the 3d article
of the same convention was also violated by the
same parties. These direct breaches of good
faith give to this array a full right to commence
hostilities against Mexico with giving any no
notice. However, I will give the necessary
time for an explanation satisfaction, or repar
ation. If these are not given I hereby formally
notify you that if I do not receive the most
complete satisfaction on all these points before
12 o’clock to-morrow, I shall consider the
armistice as terminated from that hour.
I have the honor to be your Excellency’s
obedient servant. 'Winfield Scoff.
To this Santa Anna made the following re
ply:
Headquarters Army of Mexican Republic, >
Mexico, Sept. 6. 1847 5
To His Sxcellency Gen. Winfield Scott Commander
in-Chief of the Army of the tinted Slates:
Sir: —By the note of your Excellency under
this date, I learn with surprise, that you con
sider that the civil and military authorities of
Mexico have violated articles, 7, 12, and 3of
the armistice which I concluded with your
Excellency on the 24th day of last month.
The civil and military authorities of Mexico
have not obstructed the passage of provisions
for the American army; and if at times their
transmission has been retarded, it has been ow
ing to the imprudence of the American agents,
who, without having a previous understanding
with the proper authorities, gave occasion for
popular outbreaks, which it has cost the Mexi
can Government much trouble to repress.—
Last night and the night before the escorts for
the provision train were ready to start, and
were only detained because Mr. Hargous, the
agent, desired it!* The orders given to suspend
the the two armes were
addressed tb'privato individuals, and not to the
agents of the army qf the U. S, and were in
tended purposely to expedite the transmission
of provisions to the army, and to confine the
intercourse to' that 'object * exclusively. In
/stun* for this conduct y°h r Excellency has
prevented the owners or managers of the grain {
mills in the vicinity of the city from furnishing !
any flour to the city, which is a true breach of
the "ood faith vour Excellency had pledged
me.
It is false that any new work or fortification i
has been undertaken, because one or two re
pairs have only served to place them in the
same condition they were on the dav the ar
mistice was entered into, accident or the con
venience *of the moment having caused the
destruction of the then existing works. You
have had early notice of the establishment of
the battery covered with the mud walls of the
house of Garey, in this city, and did not re
monstrate, because the peace of two great Re
publics.could not be made to depend upon
things grave in themselves, but of little value
compared to the result in which all the friends
of humanity and of the prosperity of the A
merican continent take so great an interest.
[There is some obscurity in this sentence,
whiyh, is is probable, is owing to typographical
errors. — Editors Picayune.]
It is not without great grief and even indig
nation that I have received communications
from the cities and villages occupied by the
army of your Excellency, in relation to the
violation of the temples consecrated to the
worship of God; to the plunder of the sacred
: vases, and to the profanation of the images
| venerated by the Mexican people. Profound
i ly have I been affected by the complaints of
! fathers and husbands, of the violence offered
! tq their daughters and wives; and these same
| cities and villages have been sacked not only
j in violation of the armistice, but of the sacred
I principles proclaimed and respected by civil
: ized nations. I have observed silence to the
present moment, in order not to obstruct the
progress of negotiations which hold out the
hope of terminating a scandalous war, and
one which your Excellency has characterized
;so justly as unnatural. But I shall desist of
fering apologies because I cannot be blind to
the truth that the cause of the threats of re
newing hostilities,contained in the note of your
Excellency, is that I have not been willing to
sign a treaty which would i?sson considerably
I the territory of the Republic, and not only
j the territory of the Republic, but the dignity
| and integrity which all nations defend to the
I last extremity. And if these considerations
J have not the same weight in the mind of
■ your Excellency, the responsibility before the
world, who can easily distinguish on whose
side is moderation and justice, will fall upon
you,
I flatter myself that your Excellency will
j be convinced, on calm reflection, of the weight
|of my reasons. But, if by misfortune, you
should seek only a pretext to deprive the first
city of the American continent of an oppor
tunity to free the unarmed population of the
horrors of war, there will be left me no other
| means of salvation, but to repel force by force,
with the decision and energy which my high
obligations impose upon me. I have the hon
or to be, your Excellency’s humble servant.
Antonio Lofez de Santa Anna.
On the 7th, Gen. Herrera, as commandant
of the city of Mexico, addressed the clergy,
exhorting them to exert all their influence to
incite- the people to arm themselves and pre
pare to resist the American army.
Following up events —as closely as the some
what disconnected accounts will permit—in
the order in which they occurred, we find that
on the Bth, Gen. Scott attacked the Mil del
Rev, or King’s Mill, in the immediate vicinity
of Chapultepec, and according to the Dlario
del Gobierno and the Boletin, published at
Atlixco, our army was repulsed after a severe
conflict, in which we lost about 400 in killed
and from 600 to 700 in •wounded, and fell back
upon Tucubaya. We give below a translation
of the Boletin’s description of the engagement;
premising, that the reader will bear in mind it
is Mexican and is, in all probability, a great
exaggeration, if not an entire misrepresenta
tion. It is from an extra of the Boletin, is
sued on the 9th inst. :
“At half past five this morning [the Bth] the
fire comiuciiced on the two flanks of Chapul
tepec. The left was resting on the mill of El
Roy, close to the forest of Chapultepec. This
point was commanded by Gen. I/eon, and
under his order's were the battalion of Mina,
whose colonel was the patriotic and valiant
Balderas, and the battalions Union and La
Patria, of Oaxaca, in one of which was includ
ed the companies of Puebla, also a body from
Qucretaro and some others —all compos fig the
National Guard. The right flank rested on
the house of Mata, at the distance of a quarter
of a league from Chapultepec, and occupied by
1500 of the regular army, commanded by Gen.
Perez. The enemy in two columns, with his
usual daring, attacked these points—first with
artillery, at a quarter to 6 with a rapid fire
of musketry. Gen. Perez sustained the file
very well for about half an hour, when, for
causes at present unknown, he retired with his
forces, although he had not lost ten men. The
retreat must have been fatal for Mexico, if for
tunately, Gen. Leon and his brigade had not
shown prodigies of valor. Twice he repulsed
the column that attacked him, and in the se
cond he sallied from his position to recover
the artillery Gen. Perez had lost; but then he
received a mortal M ound, and a few moments
afterwards the valiant Balderas was also
wounded and died on the field. The enemy
with additional forces again charged and took
possession of the mill. Twice he was dislodg
ed, but on his retaking it the third time it was
found impossible to bring our troops to the
charge.
“In spite of these two advantages which
they had gained in their endeavors to attack
Chapultepec, they could not effect a farther
advance, which may be owing to their being
intimidated by the resistance of our forces and
the considerable loss they had suffered. The
result was, that at 9 o’clock in the morning
the fire of small arms had already ceased, and
they were seen employed in collecting their
killed and wounded. At 11 o’clock the ene
my had commenced a retrograde movement,
and by 2 in the astern ion he withdrew all his
forces to Tacubaya, abandoning the two points
he had occupied and blowing up the house of
Mata, although gome say it was set on fire by
a bomb fired from Chapultepec. It is believed
that Gens. Twiggs and Pierce directed the at
tack, and that they put in motion about 8000
men. It is certain that the fire was more in
tense and brisk than at Churubusco. It is im
possible to ascertain the loss on cither side. —
Ours does not amount to 100 killed and 250
wounded. There are few missing—nearly all
not killed or wounded retiring to Chapultepec.
The enemy, according to the confession of an
Irishman who came over to us in the evening,
carried off 400 dead and 600 or 700 wounded.
We have to lament the loss of Gon. Leon,
since dead; that of Col. Balderas, of the val
iant Cols, Huerta and Galoti, and of the de
termined Capt. Mateos, of Puebla, who con
ducted himself like a hero, telling his soldiers,
on the point of death, that they must never
forget they were Pueblanos, and to fight val
iantly to the death. We will take care that he
shall be buried in the Pantheon, and that his
unfortunate widow shall receive a pension.
“If the cavalry had taken the position as
signed to them at 4 o’clock in the morning, by
order of Gen. Santa Anna, and if above all
they had made the charge which was ordered
at the moment that the enemy attacked the
mill of El Rey, instead of flying precipitately,
the action would have terminated early and
the triumph would have been complete. But
they did not take the position to which they
were ordered, much less make the charge as
commanded, Gen. Alvarez being obliged to
" rtn 'imam m\i wrii
{ state officially or through his adjutant that he
1 did not make the charge, because his subordi
nate officers refused on account of the ground
being too uneven and broken for cavalry, as if
! it were not the same for the cavalry of the cne
i my.
“It is believed that the enemy will renew
i the attack to-morrow by another route —oith
! erby that of La Piedad, or by that of San An
; tonio. May God protect our cause on this oc
casion.
“Cine of the guerrillas, who came
with Scott, was made a prisoner and shot on
1 the spot.”
[From the Diario del Gihierno.]
At half past 4 o’clock this morning the Amo
l ricans attacked the position of the mill of El
1 Hoy, close to the fortress of Chapultepec. Ills
numerous and brave columns were however
repulsed three times by our valiant soldiers,
who this day gave brilliant proofs of their pat
riotism and bravery. More than a thousand
of the enemy remained on the field of battle,
and on our side the loss has been less than
ono-half that number, having to lament the
death of the gallant Col. Don Lucas Balderas,
and Gen. Don Antonio de Leon being wound
ed, together with several other distinguished
chiefs and officers.
The “traitor,” Santa Anna, commanded in
person the column, which forced the Ameri
cans to retreat,takingwith them, without doubt,
the conviction that it is only through rivers of
blood that they can penetrate the city of Mexi
co, and that at all events they will there find
their sepulchre.
We translate the subjoined letter from Ja
lapa to the Arco Iris, without vouching for its
j correctness :
“When Gen. Perez abandoned the mill del
I Rev a bomb discharged from Chapultepec fell
among the ammunition wagons of the enemy
iu the yard of the mill, causing four of them
to explode, by which 300 Americans are said
i to have been blown up, (vahrnn,) including
Gen. Worth, who, according to the account,
i ; had not been seen or heard of the next day at
| Taeubaya.”
j The next accounts we have from the capital
| come in a letter to the A.rco Iris, dated the 10th
, 1 hist. We subjoin a translation of it:
Mexico, Sept. 10, 1847.
My Esteemed Friends—The whole day has
. been passed without an attack. At 2in the
. ; afternoon an alarm was created by the appear -
| auce of two columns and two guerilla parties,
which were seen on the causeway of Piedad.
| A few shots were exchanged and the enemy
withdrew. According to all appearances we
I shall bo attacked to-morrow at three points, as
j the enemy, during the night, lias been recon
noitering the country by means of camp lau
, terns (farol de campana.) The Government
has taken $300,000 which were being sent by
a commercial house to the camp of the enemy.
; Gen. Smith has expired, and by the enclos
j ed slip you will see that the Americans muti
i lated and cruelly assassinated the unfortunate
‘ Irish who were taken at the battle of Churu
busco.
September 11.—It is 7 o’clock in the morn
ing and thus far nothing new has transpired.
In addition, we find the subjoined extract
from the Bolotin de Atlisco, containing intel
ligence from the capital under date of the 11th
and 12th inst., which give a continued narra
tive of the operations of the two armies :
Mexico, Sept. 12, 1817.
This brings ns to the 12th, but at what hour
of the day the letter was closed we arc not in
formed. Os the eventful denotement we have
only a brief account, but sufficient to assure
us that our arms have achieved a brilliant tri
umph and that our army is “revelling in the
halls of the Monteznmas.” The only reliable
account we have of the last struggle before
the capital is in a letter addressed to Mr. I)i
--i mond, oUr Collector at Vera Cruz, from 0.1-zab.a,
zab.a, which will be found below. Our cor
respondent at Vera Cruz vouches for its accu
racy, and we have reason t) believe it is from
the same source as Was the letter giving the
first anp a correct account of the battles of
i Contreras and Churubusco*
Orizaba, Sept. 10, 1847.
; Dear Fir —I have the honor to inform you
I that an express arrived here this evening from
Mexico, which brings the intelligence that
Gen. Scott was in the cit} r of Mexico; that on
the 13th the American troops took Chapulte
pec and the citadel, and went into the city that
night. Gen. Bravo was killed, and Gen. San
■ ta Anna was wounded in the arm had retired
with the remainder of his troops, which had
suffered much, to Guadalupe.
Your friend, &c.,
ToE. M. Dimond, Esq. Collector, Vera Cruz,
i A letter from a credible source confirms all
that is said in the above, and that only disa
; grecs with it in stating that the city was car
; I ried by assault on the 14th. The Sun of Ana
■ i huac has it on the 13th the heights and works
: i of Chapultepec were carried; that on the 14th
; and loth the city was bombarded and that a
part of our army entered it on the m irning of
; the IGth, the balance remaining at Chapulte
[ pec. As we have already stated, however, we
place no reliance on any of these reports ex
• ccpt that of the correspondent of Mr. Dimond.
i As to our loss before the army entered the
; cit}% we have nothing authentic. Wc fear
» this new victory has not been achieved witb
■ out great loss of life. The Mexican accounts
show that active hostilities commenced on the
8 th, and were continued with more or lessac
i tivity until our army took possession of the
city. A passenger by the James L. Day in
forms us that it was reported among the Mcxi
l cans at Vera Cruz that we lost 1700 men in
killed and wounded, but he could trace it to
• no authentic source. Another passenger esti
;■ mates Gen. Scott’s loss at from one-fourth to
1 one-third of his army, in killed and wounded,
; but upon what data ho bases this opinion we
; cannot learn, and arc inclined to think it is
[ purely conjecture.
We come now to what our readers have
looked for with great anxiety—the basis upon
, which Mr. Trist and the Mexicans prpposed to
i negotiate. It will be seen that from the com
i mencement there was no real intention on the
f part of the Mexicans to conclude a peace. In
• fact is not saying too much to assert that their
I propositions were farcical in the extreme, and
originated in fraud and deception, the only mo
i live which evidently actuated them being a
desire to obtain time to strengthen themselves
for a renewed conflict.
For want of time ard space, wc only give an
► outline of the propositions of each party. The
L first proposition wo come to, is that of Mr.
Trist :
i Art. 1. There null be a firm and universal
, peace between the United States of America
and the United States of Mexico, without any
, exceptions whatever. All hostilities by sea
or land shall cease immediately and indefinite
ly, as soon as the ratification shall have been
exchanged by both parties.
Art. 2. All prisoners of war made by both
parties, both on sea and land, shall be liberat
ed as soon as practicable after the exchange of
ratifications of this treaty. Besides, it is a
. greed that if any Mexican citizens should be
prisoners of the Camanchrs, or of any tribes
of Indians within the limits of the United
States, the government of the United States
will endeavor to obtain their return to their
homes, according to the treaties existing with
i those Indians.
Art. 3. As soon as the present treaty shall
have been duly ratified by the United States
of Mexico, orders will be issued without de
lay to the commanders of both parties, both
on sea and land, that hostilities are suspend
ed. and that such suspension shall be strictly
a——i ilia, jcj
i j
observed. Immediately after the exchange of
ratifications of the present treaty, all the ports,
territories, towns and possessions of every
kind, which may have been captured by the
United States from the United States of Mex
ico during the war, except those comprised
within the limits of the L'nited States, as de
fined by article No. 4 of this treaty, will be
given up without delay and without occasion
ing any damage, or without any exportation j
of artillery, or public property captured origi- \
nally in said port* or towns or which may be
| therein at the ratification of this treaty.
! Art. 4. The dividing line between the two
Republics, will commence in the Gulf of Mcx
; ico, three leagues of laud fronting the mouth 1
1 of the Rio Grande, thence upwards by the ,
; middle of said river to a point where it touches I
the meridian line of New Mexico; thence to- j
I wards the west to the longitude of the South- ,
■ era limit of new Mexico, at the angle south- i
i west of the same; thence towards the north to I
the longitude of the northern line of New
| Mexico, until it is intersected by the first arm !
I of the Rio Gila, or if it should not be inter- j
■ sec ted by any arm of that river, thence to the
| point of said line nearest to said arm, thence
in a direct line to the same and descending by
said arm and by the said river Gila, until its
discharge into the river Colorado, and from
thence downwards by the Colorado and the
middle t»f the Gulf of California to the Paci- .
tie Ocean.
Art. 5. In consideration of the extension
of territory, as defined by the preceding avti- :
cle and by the stipulations which will appear
in article No. 8, the U S. abandon, forever, 1
all claims against the United State of Mexico, {
on account of the expenses of the war; and be
sides this agree to pay to the United States of ,
Mexico $ . [The sum is not specified.]
Art. 6. In consideration of articles No. 4 the
.U S. agree to guarantee and pay to the claim
ants all the obligations which are now due and ;
which may fall due according to the convention 1
concluded between the two Republics in the
city of Mexico on the 30th January, 1843, and !
to provide for the payment of the decisions
given in favor of the claimants, given under a ;
convention between U. S. and the Mexican
Republic, Under date of the 11th April, 1839,
And the U. S. also agree to assume the pay
ment of the claims of citizens of the U. S. not j
previously decided against the Government of
the U. S. of Mexico, up to a stlm which shall :
not exceed three millihs of dollars, arid which
shall have originated previous to the 13th May, !
18tfi, and which also shall have been acknowl- i
edged as j ust debts by a tribunal of commission- i
ers appointed by the Govetnment of the U. S.
whose decisions shall be definitive and binding,
provided that on deciding on said demands,
the said tribunal shall be governed by the '
principles and rules prescribed by articles Nos.
1 and 5 of the convention, riot ratified but con
cluded in the city of Mexico on the 20th of No
vember, 1843; and in no case shall a decision
be given in favor of any claim unless it is re
gulated by those principles and rules: and the !
U. S. by this* and forever after, exonerate the
U. S. of Mexico from all responsibility to these
claimants, whether rejected or admitted by
said commissioners.
Art; 7. Merely states that in case of any
d fflculty in the settlement of the claims, the j
; archives of the Government arc to be at service
of the commission to ascertain the validity of
the claims.
Art. 8. The U. S. shall have in perpetuity
free of any tax or claim whatever, for the |
produce of their own country or the produce
introduced under their flag, the transportation
of goods through the isthmus of Tehuantepec,
for or from the Pacific, by any means of con
veyance now in existence, or to be established
hereafter, by canals or railroads.
Art. 9. All the goods introduced during the
occupation of the country by the United S.
shall be free from either importation or internal
duties, and free from confiscation.
Art. 10. The article of amity, commerce
and navigation, concluded in the city of Mexi
co on the fith April. 1831, between the two
powers, shall be renewed for the period of
eight years, having the right after the expira
tion of that period, to terminate the same by a
notice of one year.
Art. 11. This treaty will be approved and i
ratified by the President of the United States
of America, with the approbation and consent
of the Senate, and by the comet of the United
States of Mexico with the full approbation of
the General Congress; and the ratification
will be cxdhariged in the dity of Washington,
witbirt the period of months from the ,
date on which it may be signed, or as soon as
possible*
Leaving aside for the present the first in
structions from Santa Anna to the Mexican
commissioners, we proceed to give an outline
of the ultimatum offered by them under his I
renewed instruction, which differs slightly |
from the original proposition:
Art. 1. Is merely an expression of a desire I
that there may be a firm and lasting peace be- 1
tween the two Repnblics.
Art. 2. Stipulates that all prisoners taken •
by land or sea shall be given up after the treaty
is signed, and that any Mexicans who may he
prisoners of the savage tribes of Indians with
in the limits of the United States, shall be
given up by the Government of the United
States and returned to their homes.
Art. 3. All the the forts, towns or territo
ry and artillery taken by the forces of the Uni
ted States shall be returned to Mexico.
Art. 4. The dividing line between the two
Republics shall commence in the Gulf of Mex
ico, three leagues from land, in front, from the
Southern mouth of the Bay of Corpus Christ!
to run in a strait line through said bay to the
month of the Rio do los Nueces, to follow
then the course of that river to its source;
from the source of the River Nueces a straight
line will bo traced until it meets the actual
frontier of New Mexico, in the east southeast
part. It will thcncc follow the actual frontier
of New Mexico by the east, north and west of
New Mexico, until it meets latitude 37, which
will serve as the boundary of the two Repub
lics; from the point at which it touches the
frontier of New Mexico to the Pacific. The
Government of Mexico agrees not to found
any new establishment for colonies in the space
of land which lies between the Rio Grande
and the Nueces.
Art. 5. In consideration of this extension
of the territorial limits of the United States,
the Government of said States agree to pay to
the Government of the United States of Mexi
co, $ , at the city of Mexico, on the day of
the exchange of ratifications of this treaty.
Arts. 6 and 7. By these articles the United
States agree to release the Mexican Govern
ment from all claims of the Government or
citizens of the United States.
Art. 8. Provides for the settlement of claims
in the same manner as is provided in the pro
position of Mr. Trist.
Art. 9. Stipulates that the Catholic reli
gion and the property belonging to that per
suasion shall be respected in the territory ced
ed to the United States.
Art. 10. Citizens of Mexico who may hap
pen to be in the United States to have the pri
vilege of returning to Mexico, without any
I tax being exacted from them,
j Art. 11. All grants of land made by the
! Mexican Government previous to this cession
| of territory are to be respected by the Govern
ment of the United States.
Art. 12. The Republic of the United States
| binds itself, solemnly, not to admit hencefor
-1 ward the annexation of any district or territo
i ry comprised within the limits assigned by the
! p.cseut treaty to the Mexican Republic. This
j solemn Compromise is one of the conditions
under which Mexico mnkes a cession of terri
tory to the Republic of North America*
Aft. 13. All goods now in the ports occu
pied by the American troops will pay the du
ties established by the Republic unless they
have been pre-paid; otherwise they will be
confiscated.
Art. 14. The Government of the United
States will satisfy justly the claims of Mexi
' can citizens for the damage the American
I troops have done them.
Art. 1-5. Merely relates to the ratification
of the treaty.
[ From the .V. O. Plearptne, 25th inst.]
Later from Brazos Saatiag-o.
The U. S. transport ship Robert Morris, ar- ;
rived yesterday from Santiago. From the \
Matamoros Flag we extract the following I
items:
Bold Art of the Guerrillas. —A stampede or
j commotion was produced at Mier on the night |
of the 7th instant, by a party of Mexican cav
• airy or robbers, supposed to number about 30.
Their object was to get possession of a valu
able lot of goods, on their way to Monterey in
five wagons, and which had been halted for
i the night on the outskirts of the town. The
boldness of the attempt deserved success. To
1 avert attention from the main object, part of
| the robbers rode into the plaza and fired upon
i the sentries, wounding one mortally. In the
meantime, another party took possession of
i the goods and succeeded in getting safely out
iof town with them. The next morning a de- I
tachment of 30 dragoons started in pursuit, |
I and overtook them about 12 miles from Mier, j
when the Mexicans defended themselves with
remarkable obstinacy, but finally retreated
i with a loss of six men killed. All the goods,
| amounting in value to were recover
ed. Th's is the boldest act yet committed on
this frontier.
Maj. Geo. II Crossman, quartermaster, has |
l been ordered to Washington city and is now I
en route, having proceeded to the Brazos yes- j
| terday. The service has no oificer more cap- I
: able and energetic.
A detachment of the 13th Infantry under i
Lieut. Col. Withers, passed down on the i
Rough and Ready, yesterday for the encamp
ment of Palo Alto-.
I The battalion of Massachusetts volunteers,
under command of Lieut. Cal. Abbott, passed
down yesterday on the McKee. Steamrs
have been despatched to Camargrt for the re
mainder of the brigade by order of Gen. Cush
incr
We are happy to state, says that Flag Os
the 11th, that Col-. Echols, whose illness we
noticed in our last publication, is now conva
lescent.
There was a rumor in Matamoros, that the
Ui S. Militaay depot at Point Isabel was to
be abolished;
A part of Col. Hays' regiment were encamp
ed about 15 miles from Matamoros on the 13th
inst. The encampment was to have been re
moved on the loth to a point within two miles
of the city.
A Battalion of the 3d Regiment of Dragoons,
about 450 strong, under the command of Col.
Balter, took up the line of march from Mata
moros for Monterey on the Bth inst. This
i battalion is spoken of as a remarkable fine
body of men. They proceed first to Camargo,
where they will form an escort for Maj. Ran
dall, paymaster, who awaits them there with a
large amount of funds intended for the troops :
at Monterey and Saltillo. Urrea, Canales and 1
a host of other Mexicans are itching to got |
hold of this money, and may have the terme- i
rity to attempt its capture. If they do a Bue- !
na Vista defeat awaits them, and no mistake. |
[ From the Philadelphia Pennsylvanian .]
A Review for the People.—-Which Nation
beg-an the War—the United States or
KSexico ?
The Federalists of this country, hoping to !
reap success by me ins which every true Arne- j
rican should despise, assert that the adminls- i
tratiou first caused the war. We stop not
now to inquire into the question, whether |
justifiable or not. This is their assertion. If
the fact bo that Mexico Jirst declared war
against this country, in consequence of which
Congress was compelled to enact “that a state
of M ar exists,” will any true lover of his coun
try doubt that it was the duty of the adminis
i tratiou to prosecute the war by all proper of
fensive and defensive means, until an honora
ble peace should be attained? If such be the
fact, ©tight not every true-hearted American, |
j irrespective of party, to have yielded an hon- |
I est support to the government in this crisis? j
Are not the assertions of the Federal pa ers I
1 and leaders, denying the fact , and embarrass- i
ing the administration by refusing appropria
tions to the last moment of congressional ses- j
slons, evidence of “ai l and comfort” to the
enemy? Will the people countenance such a ,
party, any more than they did that which j
opposed the war of 1812, obviously imbued
1 with the same spirit, and controlled by many i
I of the same leaders? The Mexico-Whig,
;in this respect, is the Federalist of 1812 — 1
the cloven foot is too thinly concealed from i
the people’s eye, and the same popular doom i
awaits the first, which fell upon the latter.
; How is the fact then, as to which nation first
declared war? On the 16th of July, 1845, |
Garicia Conde, the Mexican Minister of War, |
on behalf of his government, communicated !
to the Mexican Congress, a message in which, !
after assuming that the annexation of Texas !
by the United States, was an “usurpation,” j
he says, “Mexico connot tolerate such a grave |
injury without making an effort to prove to 1
the United States the possibility of her ability j
to cause her rights to be respected. With this j
object the Supreme Goven meat has resolved ujx>n |
a declaration of tear against that power,'' This
formal declaration was made the next day.—
As early as March of that year, the Mexican
government was raising troops with a view to !
this declaration, (see lirantz Mayer’s Mexico, !
part 7,page 394. Now it was not until August,
1845, that a portion of the army, under Gen.
Taylor, by order of the President, was encamp
ed at Corpus Christi, west of the Nueces, as a
matter of precaution. It was not till March,
1846, that Gen. Taylor advanced towards the
Rio Grande. It was about the same time, that,
in pursuance of this declaration of war by Mexi
co, of July, 1845, Arista crossed the Rio Grande, i
and attacked the American army at Palo Alto
and Reseca de la Palma, where he was so
signally defeated in May. It was not until
long after the Mexican declaration, that the
Congress of the United States recognized the
existence of war.
From the foregoing synopsis of the facts,
the following are the plain results, viz:
1. Mexico first declared war, and placed the
United States on the defensive. On this sub- i
ject it may bo stated as incidental, that this
declaration of war on the part of Mexico was
wholly unjustifiable. The plea of the annex
ation of Texas, asovereign people having the
right to do as it pleased them, recognised as
such by the prominent civilized nations, of the
earth, having acquired that right by a success
ful revolution, (if they have reference solely
to that point,) and maintained it for a series
of years —this plea is as unavailable to justify
Mexico, as a plea would he to censure our own j
revolution in 1776, or to authorize Great Brit
ain to declare war against us now on that ac
count. Such a plea would be indefensible
by Spain against the revolution of Mexico her
self, or by an attempt of that kingdom, at this
day to subj ugate her for former Mexican colony
Mexico herself, as to Spain, only exists as an
independent nation on the same basis that j
Texas existed as to Mexico. The right of rev- \
oluiion belongs to every people, and if they !
maintain it successfully, other nations arc
bound to recognise them as having a lawful
power, in the language of our declaration of
independence, “to contract alliances, and do
| all other acts and things which independent
nations may of right do.”
2. Mexico having thus declared war, the
government and people of the United States
i were bound to repel it by all means defensive,
aggressive and invasive, until settled by an
honorable peace, even to treat about which
! Mexico refuses, although through humanity
j the olive branch is daily tendered, a sure indi
; cation of the consciousness of their leaders of
their own guilt, want of personal moral cour
age, and their consequent false pride.
the nations of the earth, in this respect, Mex
| ico stands “accursed in the callendar.”
3. With these facts before our eyes, what
| shall be said of the Federal presses and lead
ers, (we speak of the masses,) who “Forget
ful of country, but solely for self," attempt to
deceive the people into the idea that this war
was begun by the United States, its adminis
tration, and the Democratic party, without
reason or without right? What of Federal
Congressmen, as is threatened, that they will
do as they have heretofore done, in substantial
ly giving “aid and comfort” to the enemies of
their country? What will be their fate in the
estimation of the people a few* years hence?
What will be the fate of their party? As it
has now become matter of history, let the
j judgment of the peop f e of the United States,
; upon the loaders of Federalism aud the Hart
j ford ventionists of 1812, indicate the an
swer. At the coining elections, let the peo
ple speak.
aupsta, Georgia.
P R IDAYMO RIJ IN G O CT. 1.
FOR GOVERNOR
GEO. W. TOWNS.
| OF TALBOT.
Democratic Nominations for Senators.
; Ist Dust.—Chatham—Thomas Pvrse,
2d “ Bryan and Liberty—J. M. B. Hardex.
3d “ Mclntosh and Glynn—T. M. Forma*.
4th •* Camden and Wayne—Km as Fort.
sth “ Lowndes and Ware—Gen. T. Hnxi ard.
7th “ Tattnall and Bulloch—Johx A. Matto*
Bth “ Striven and Effingham—W. J. Lawto*.
9th “ Burke and Emanuel—W. S. C Morris.
12th “ Thomas and Decatur—Wm. H. Bet Isolds.
13th “ Baker and Early—Dr. Wm. J. Johxsox.
14th “ Randolph add Stewart—William Nelsox.
17th “ Macon and Houston—Johx A. Hcxter.
I9th “ Dooly and Pulaski—Geo. >l. Dvrcak.
20th “ Twiggs and Bibb—W. W. Wiggixs.
21st “ Washington and Jefferson—B.S. Cars will.
24th “ Hancock and Baldwin—S. Uufi’ixotox, Jr.
25th “ Jones and Putnam—James M. Gray.
26th “ Munroe arid Pike—Col. Allex Cochßax.
2Sth “ Merriwether and Coweta—Ore. \Varxbr.
31st “ Fayette and Henry—*Luther J. Glixs.
32d Jasper and Butts—Col. J. C. Water*.
35? h “ Wilkes and Lincoln—lsaiah T. Irtix.
33d “ Newton and Walton—Warrrx J. Hill.
38th “ Clark and Jackson—Samoa. Bailet.
39th “ Gwinnett and DeKalb—J as. P. Simmoxa.
40th “ Paulding and Cass—Fraxcis Inwix.
41st “ Cobb and Cherokee—Wm. H. Huxt
43d “ Habersham and Rabun—Enw’o Corn*.
44th “ Lumpkin and Union—Emhu S. Barclat.
Richmond coustv.
FOR REPRESENTATIVE
WILLIAM SCHLSY^JR,
Democratic Ticket for Wilkes County.
Par Senate tibth District.
ISAIAH T, IRVIN.
For Hmtse of Representatives.
LEWIS S. BROWN.
HENRY P. WOOTTEN.
regular Carrier for the First artdt
i Second Wards is still sick, and the one
whom he was replaced is also sick. Subscrib
j ers in that section of the city will please send
to the office for their papers
MEXICO CONQUERED!
THE AMERICAN* Ylj\o FIXJATS OVER TUB ORIIAT
CITY OF THE MONTF.ZUMAS J
We give much of our space to the interest
ing details of event*, received by express yes
terday, from the seat of war.
/
Besides the accounts which we publish ir»
full, we give below a condensed statement of
the most important items in letters which we
j do not give entire.
A letter in the Boletin de Altisco gives a
j sketch of occurrence! of the 11th and 12th
i Sept. From it, we extract the following para
‘ graphs, written on the 11th.
It appears that the enemy is convinced of
the impossibility of reducing the capital by
i any other means, because there is no doubt
that he has lost 900 to 1000 men, who were
placed hors de combat by the action of the Bth,
aud among them 37 officers and 3 colonels kil
led, and 1 colonel wounded. It appears that
i the death of Gen. Pillow is uncertain,
i In compensation for this loss, or whatever
you like, they hung yesterday at San Angel
* all the prisoners of the Legion of St. Patrick,
they took at Churubusco, when all the world
thought they would have been spared capital
i punishment. They have expelled from their
; houses all the inhabitants of the village of
! Mixcoac, in order to establish there their hos
| pitals and headquarters.
There are also three letters of Kendall of
the Picayune, dated August 30th, September
4th and sth, detailing occurrences down to
the latter date. As usual, there are some Sings
j in them at the Administration, which in the
eyes of some, is never right. If any thing is
done wrong, the Administration gets the
blame whether it is done by its sanction or
not. The following tire specimens.
I am one of those who, without censuring
j General Scott for not entering the capital at
once, believe it would certainly have been more
! satisfactory to the country, if not the wiser
policy. lie doubtless has instructions in his
pocket from his Government, and has obeyed
them; and if any disadvantage should now
grow* out of his not pursuing a panic-strikea
enemy to their utter discomfiture, the fault
j must not lie at his door. It has always seem-*
ed to me that the authorities at Washington
| wish all their generals to light their battles
! with their gloves on, after the manner of
pugilists who do not wish to hurt each other
—they are fearful of thrashing the enemy too
soundly, lest the smarting of defeat might
render them deaf to fresh propositions of
peace, which are always sure to be at hand.
[Letter of Sept. 4 th..
* * * If peace is made with the MexL
cans it will be a strange one, will stand alone*
will have neither precedent nor parallel, and
all the credit the Government at W a&hington
will get for its agency in the matter, I am
fearful will not elevate us much among the
nations of the earth. Yours, &c„ o. w. k.
[Letter of Sept. sth.
What sort of peace will please the W nigs?
Our Government cannot be more liberal to
Mexico than they would be, judging from
their papers.
The following additional paragraphs will be
j interesting. We congratulate the friends of
»