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The Truest Friend —by charles swain.
There is a friend, a secret friend,
r In every trial, every grief,
To cheer, to counsel, and defend,-
.Os all we ever had the chief!
.A friend, who watching from above,
When’er in error’s path we trod,
Still sought us with reproving love,
That friend, that secret friend is God !
There is a friend, a faithful friend,
In every chance and change of fate.
Whose boundless love doth solace send,
When other friendships come too late !
A friend, that when the world deceives.
And wearily We onward plod.
Still comforts every heart that grieves,
That true, that faithful friend, is God '
How blest the years of life might flow,
In one unchanged, unshaken trust}
If man this truth would only know,
And love his Maker and be just!
Yes, there’s a friend, a constant friend,
VVhb ne’er forsakes the lowliest sod.
But in each need, His hand doth lend ;
That friend that truest friend is God !
Georgia legislature.
IN SENA TE.
Tuesday, Nov. 9, 1847.
Mr. Dunhaganlaid on the table the follow
ing Resolution ; 60 copies of which were or
dered to be printed for the use ol the Senate.
As the representatives of Georgia, one of
the members of this confederacy—it is right
and proper to give an expression of opinion
and sentiment in reference of measures and
policy of the General Government. There
fore
Be it Resolved, by the Senate and House of
Representatives. That the General Govern
ment of the United States ought to raise no
rilore revenue in time of peace, than is necessa
ry to defray the expense of its economical ad
ministration, and that in adjusting a tariff on
imports for this subject, the duties should be
assessed upon the ad valorem principle.
2. Be it Resolved , That the Tariff law of
1*846 approximates as nearly to these requisites
aS is practicable, in a country of such diversi
fied and conflicting interests as ours, and that
the prosperity of the commercial, agricultural
ahd manufacturing pursuits of the United
States under its benign operation, demon
strates the justice and wisdom of its provisions,
as well as the folly of its repeal.
3. Be it Resolved, That if, in consequence
df the existing war with Mexico, it becomes
necessary tojincrease the revenue upon imports,
there should be no departure from the ad valo
rem principle nor ought it to furnish any pre
text for unjust discriminations for the mere
sake of protection, but that such increase of
PeVenue should be raised by duties on articles
now free of duty under the existing tariff
law.
4. Be it Resolved, That the Congress of the
United States has no Constitutional power to
incorporate a National Bank, and that the suc
cessful operation of the Independent Treasury,
proves conclusively that such an institution is
not necessary, as a fiscal agent, for the receipt,
custody and disbursement of the public
funds.
5. Be it Resolved , That the Congress of the
United States, has no constitutional power to
appropriate public money for the construction
of works of internal improvement, except such
as are strictly of a national character.
6. Be it Resolved, That the distribution of
the sale of the public lands is inexpedient and
unwise, because it would create a necessity
' for an increase of tariff duties, to the extent
that such proceeds add to the annual revenue
of the Government.
7. Be it Resolved, That the judicious exer
cise of the Veto power by the Executive of
the United States, is the only protection of
the minority against the rash, foolish or un
constitutional action of the majority,and there
fore any modification of that clause of the con
stitution of the United States, which vests
that power in the President, would be unwise
and peculiarly dangerous to the Southern por
tion of this confederacy.
8. Be it Resolved, That lamentable as are
the evils of war, they arc preferable to an un
just and dishonorable peace, and (that as by
the act of the Republic of Mexico, a state of
war exists between that Government and the
United States) this Republic is not responsible
for its consequences.
9. Be it Resolved, That the existing war with
Mexico ought to be prosecuted with the ut
most vigor, until that Government shall agree
to pay all demands due to our Government on
account of spoliations done to our citizens, as
well as a just indemnity for the expenses in
curred by the Government in the prosecution
of the war, which she has forced upon us, and
that if she bo unabled to do so in money, the
United States should insist upon her ceding
territory sufficient in value to satisfy so just
and reasonable a demand.
10. Be it Resolved, That in view of the possi
ble acquisition of territory by the United St ates
for the purpose aforesaid, we adopt the four
following resolutions passed by the General
Assembly of Virginia.
11. Resolved , That the Government of the
United States has no control, directly or in
directly, mediately or immediately, over the
institution of slavery, and that in taking any
such control, it transcends the limits of its
legitimate functions by destroying the internal
organization of the sovereignties which formed
it.
12. Be it Resolved, That under no circum
stances, will this body recognize as binding,
any enactment of the Federal Government,
which has for its object, the prohibition of
Slavery in any territory to be acquired, either
by conquest or treaty, South of the line of the
Missouri Compromise, holding it to be the na
tural and independent right of each citizen of
each and every State of the Confederacy, to
reside with his property, of whatever descrip
tion, in any territory which may be acquired
by the Arm. 4 of the United States, or yielded by
treaty with any foreign Power.
13. Beit Resolved, That this Assembly holds
it to be the duty of every man, in every sec
tion of this Confederacy, if the Union is dear
to him, to oppose the passage of any law for
whatever, purpose, by which territory to be
acquired may be subject to such a restriction.
14. Be it Resolved, That the passage of the
Wilmot Proviso by the House of Representa
tives of the United States, makes it the duty
of every slaveholdmg State, and the citizens
as they value their dearest privileges,
their sovereignty, their independence and their
wtsi I w.m e.u’-i- "...i reran
rights of property, to take firm, united and
concerted action in this emergency.
16. Be it Resolved, That the firmness, justice t
and wisdom with which James K. Polk has '■ t
fcomlubtcd the administration of this Govern- j C
ment, bosh foreign and domestic, entitle him c
to the confidence and gratitude of the People. I
IG. Beit Resolved, That the thanks of the 1
whole country arc due to the gallant officers <
and men of our Army, Navy and Volunteer t
service, for the glory with which they have
covered ottr Arms, and the heroic valor with <
which they have sustained their country’s f
cause on the battle field. i
f Correspondence of the Baltimore *S’«77.]
WASHINGTON, Nov. 9, 1847. ;
Important Letter from Major Hohhic—The Report ‘
of the Postmaster (General—Triumph oj the Cheap
Postage Si f stem —The rerommendation of a uni- f
form Cheap Postage—Reports and Estimates oj \
the different Departments—No Despettehes from
den. Scott —Hardworking Secretary—The Consu- ]
lar System , fyc. i
The Cambria brought a letter from Major i
Hobble, the first assistant postmaster, now in «
England, stating that he has met with no i
difficulties in completing a postal arrangement «
with Franco and the various poweis in Gcr- i
many; but that he has not yet succeeded in i
coming to a satisfactory understanding with i
the authorities of Great Britain. His business j
there seems to bo much delayed by formalities, (
and be chances to see the proper persons only
at great intervals. The British Government
probablv waits till Congress shall enact full re
prisals, and in the mean time pockets a few
dirty shillings. Poor country ! she is involv
ed in such a financial crisis, that every little i
helps. , ....
The Report of the Postmaster General will be
one of the most satisfactory public documents,
and will show with what justice the Hon.
Cave Johnson has been abused by the corpora
tion presses. There have been more miles of
Mail Transportation put into operation since
ho has been in office than before, and more new
post-offices established than at any correspon
ding period previous ; and the business of the
Department was never more thoroughly up.—
The new post-offices come under the appoint
ment office of the second assistant Postmaster
General, the talented and indefatigable Wil
liam J. Brown, mentioned in my previous let
ters. # .
But the most important fact, which will be
hailed throughout the country with great joy,
is, that the deficiency of the revenue of the
Department, produced by the reduction of
postage, is very rapidly diminishing, proving
thereby, that the experiment has entirely suc
ceeded.
The deficit of the first year after the act was
$800,000; the deficit of the last year was
$640,000; while the deficit in this year is only
$40,000.
This is a fact exhibiting the increase of in
telligence and correspondence under the new
act, similar to that which is exhibited in Eng
land. and will, in the opinion of the Postmas
ter ueneral, lead to the same result, viz : the
introduction of a uniform system of cheap pos
tage.
The fact is,, were it not for the railroad ex
tortions, the Postmaster General’s Report
would no doubt recommend the sj'stem of uni
form postage on letters, say five cents per letter,
throughout the Union, but the country knows
how he has been at war against the mo
nopolizing spirit of corporations, and how
the latter have revenged through the presses
devoted to their interest. The public have
no idea what enormous proportion the
compensation paid to Railroad Companies
bears to all other compensations for ser
vices rendered, to the Department. Yet,
notwithstanding, all these services and odious
obstacles, I still think the Postmaster General
will, in his Report, recommend to Congress the
adoption of a uniform cheap postage throughout
the Union !
The reports and different estimates of the
department are now making out, and the se
cretaries are more busy than ever. Gen. Scott
has not yet forwarded his despatches; at least
they have not arrived here, and there is some
probability now that they will not come to
hand before the meeting of Congress. Mr.
Secretary Walker isnow working daily sixteen
hours in the Treasury Department, to prepare
his triumphant vindication of the tariff of 1816,
and to prove by a course of mathematial rea
soning, well substantiated by experience, that
the principles on which the tariff was framed
have suffered no abatement from the tremend
ous commercial and monetary crisis which now
' threatens to sweep the whole civilized world.
When Mr. Walker’s report on that subject
shall be read, that question which has so long
; divided parties will not again become anclc
s ment of political contention, and will not en
ter largely in the next Presidential canvass.—
Mr. Walker will treat of it in reference to sub
s ject matter, and take such lofty statesmanlike
[“ views as will leave the party drudges far be
■ hind him. His argumentation, based on in
• controvertible facts, will address itself to the
• country at large, and be presented in the shape
; of a treaties rather than a mere state paper ex
• hibiting the great national balance sheet.
During all this war with Mexico, the Trea
sury Department lias, in all probability, been
j the most difficult to manage, while the duties
- devolving on the Secretary of that Depart
r ment were the most arduous of any connected
f with the Government. Their discharge re
; quired a larger amount of skill, tact and fore
? cast than was ever called in requisition in re
gard to any of his predecessors since the
l framing of our Constitution; and Mr. Walker
has acquitted himself among difficulties
! which were deemed overwhelming by his
l opponents, and from which even his friends
i scarcely hoped to see him extricated, in a raan
• ner so perfectly triumphant, that the financial
l principles which arc now forever associated
with his name, will not be seriously called in
? question at any subsequent period, let the
j Administration be Whig or Democratic, or a
; compound of both. The report of Mr. Walker
will be a most elaborate instrument, treating
of the Tariff, the Sub-Treasury, the Warehouse
i System, the mode of raising future loans, and
• the revenue which is necessary to carry the
[ war with Mexico to a successful conclusion,
and it will exhibit on all those subjects statos
• manlike views and arguments, which will com
mand the undivided attention of the country.
; I see in a late number of the Journal des De
bate, an ordonuancc of the King of the French,
s in regard to the Consular system of France.—
L It might well pe imitated in this country. A
I regular system of instruction and advancement
is introduced, well calculated to render Con
. suls respectable even without large salaries. —
, They are to be trough, up like Diplomates in a
regular school, to which none are admitted
: who have not previously passed a regular ex
• animation,in regard to their knowledge on law,
- science,and commerce. When they have pass
ed this examination they are to be admitted as
Consular pupils, (Elcves Consul) and placed
with some Consular agent to acquire the prac
tical duties and routine of the business of Con
suls. After a number of years and a second
examination, they arc promoted from Consular
pupils to Consular agents, and thcncc as op
portunities may occur, from that post to a
Consulate of 2d rank, from whence at last they
become Consulars of the first rank and Con
suls General. !Buch a system is admirably cal
culated to produce men who will command
respect, and whose spelling, at least, need not
be corrreeted in the State Department. A pro
per inquiry into this subject will show the ne
cessity of reform in our own Consular sys
tem, proposed by Mr. Buchanan at the last
session,and which I trust will be again brought *
forward at the next.
[From the Tallahassee Floridian ]
“Mustang” the Mexican correspondent of j
the New Orleans Delta, whos admierable let- ;
tots descriptive of the battles of Contreras,
Chuntbusco, Chapultepcc, &c., have been so 1
extensively copied and generally praised, is a ]
practical priftter, and worked in this office in
1844. lie is by birth, if we rightly remember, 1
a Marylander, and is well known in some por
tions of that State as Mr. James I/. Frcaner.
The members of the old Leon County Hickory
Club will recollect him as the very excellent
singer who led the choir at the enthusiastic
meetings of tlic Culb in 1844. "NV liilc here, he
composed a song, and appended to each stan
zas the chorus which is quoted by him in his
account of the capture of the city of Mexico,
viz: “Our flag is there,” &c. This song was
sung by him on the presentation of a beauti
ful flag to the Hickory Club by the Democratic
Ladies of this city, and produced a happy ef
fect. His democratic songs added no little
to the spirit of those never-to-be-forgotten
assemblages of the “flat-footed democracy” of
old Leon. By the way, we remember an anec
dote of those times, in which Freaner figured
conspicuously, and which will therefore do to
tell. On the day of the election in this coun
ty, which we believe was just three years
ago this very day, in the fall of 1844, our whig
friends rallied their singing crowd, and march
ed foward to the polls, in high glee, and
lashing the democrat after this sort —
“ II enry Clay and Frclinghuyscn
To James K. Polk will be rank pizen !”
“ Mustang’s” republicanism could not stand
this, and rallying his forces, he struck up in a
clear, loud voice, sutlicientto drown the oppo
sing minstrels —
“ We’ll give onr Polk our suffrage poll
To drive the Coon back to his hole,
And Jersey’s weasel, and Sunday mail,
We’ll ride upon a Hickory rail !
O Coons you stand no chance, Ac.
This was enough —the Coon’s fled, and wc
skinned them pretty effectually that day, elec
ting our entire Senatorial ticket, and so on. —
Mr. Frcaner left this city-in November, 1844,
for New Orleans. When the news of General
Taylor’s perilous position was received in New
Orleans, Frcaner was among the first to enroll
himself a volunteer for his relief, and march
ed and served a campaign as a private in the
company raised in New Orleans.
Augusta, o£orjj ia .
SUNDAY MORNING, NOV. 14.
A postscript to our Milledgville Cor
respondent’s letter, due yesterday, was not put
in the Post Office in time for the mail, which
will account for its delay.
[Editorial Correspondence of the Constitutionalist .]
MILLEDGEYILLE, Nov. 11.
I availed myself of the bright, pleasant
day, and of the adjournment of both Hous
es of the Legislature, to attend the Com
mencement of Oglethorpe University, which
took place yesterday, Like all similar occa
sions, it assembled the wisdom, wit, beauty,
fashion anti style which have all their repre
sentatives at the metropolis of Georgia at this
period. It brought together also very many
who could be classed under neither the above
designations. But the general character of
the large audience which filled the College r
chapel was such in intelligence, refinement
and taste, as to be highly gratifying to every
orator whose privilege it was to address them.
I regret that I did not preserve a programme
to send you. The exercises went off in a sat
isfactory manner, bating one or two exceptions.
The fine Circus Band, which parades the
streets here every day in a car drawn by ten
splendid cream horses, with teeming plumes
of white, tipped with red, waving over their
heads, did the music on the occasion. But it
was so loud and boisterous and reverberated
so stunningly through the chapel that it was
anything else but pleasant. There were few
sweet and dulcet tones amidst its deep diapa
son, its rattling thunder and shrill blasts. In
the open air, or perhaps beneath the extensive
canopy of the Circus, the music may be alto
gether fine.
Many of the magnates of the State were
present and on the stage. Besides the Trus
tees, there were the Governor of the State,
the Judges of the Supreme Court, several
Circuit Judges, and ex-Judges, the President
of the Senate and the Speaker of the House,
the Whig nominees for the Senate made by
the Whig caucus, and the nominee of the De
mocratic caucus which assembled last night to
nominate a candidate to oppose Judge Berrien.
This nominee is the Hon. ChArlcs J. McDon
ald. 31c will not be elected, the refractory
Whigs having been pretty thoroughly whip
ped in to the support of Judge 8., and the
strongest anti-Berrien men will probably now
cast their ballots for him, or vote blanks. The
Dawson men arc appeased, and that one ele
ment of opposition quelled. There arc, how
ever, faint whispers of another Whig being
put up and elected. The nomination of Gov.
McDonald is important to him and to the De
mocratic party, however in this. In the event,
not improbable, of the resignation at an early
day of Judge Colquitt, the Governor would
no doubt yield to the expressed will of the
Democratic party, by nominating their choice
to fill the vacancy.
The Oration of Mr. Wm. Gilmore Sims be
fore the two literary Societies was a magnifi
cent production. It has added, in the esti
mation of his auditors, to his reputation, and
when published will be read with profit and
pleasure by thousands of his admirers. It
was chaste ami pure in style, profound in
thought, and in the main eminently practical,
and instructive. In some of its views and spe
culations it was somewhat strained and stilted
—what might be called transcendental. But
it was perhaps a not injudicious error to hold
up as models and motives to the youtliful as
pirant, about stepping on the great theatre of
life, a higher morality—a loftier view of man’s
capacities, obligations and destinies, than ordi
narily inspire his thoughts and stimulate his
actions. Ills theme may be expressed in a
few words. Sclf-devolopcment is the great
duty of. man —his talents seem a trust for
which he would be held to a strict account,
each man according to his endowment— -faith
to believe in his capacity to do his duty, will
to determine that he would realize the destiny
which Providence assigned him, were the re
quisites —the sole requisites,for Providence had
created no dunces. Each was endowed and
fitted for his appropriate sphere. With faith
and will he could be a man. Without them,
NOTHING.
gaMgmaiM.. ,h WL.I.LSP— aergn
It would give mo pleasure to enter at large
into an account of this fine Oration, its style
and imagery, the manner of its delivery and ]
the evident admiration it excited. Though
he commenced with a fatigued audience, who i
had already been listening to the speeches of
the graduating class for more than two hours,
he enchained the attention of a large portion
for near two hours longer. It was much to
be regretted that the arrangements were not
such as that he could have had a morning or
an afternoon appropriated solely for his Ora
tion.
I must forbear a more minute account of
this fine effort of Mr. Sims, for fear that I
might not do it justice, in the hurried manner
in which lam forced to write. The mail will
soon close. G.
GUORGrIA LEGISIiATURU,
IN HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Thursday, Nov. 11th, 1847.
Biles Introduced.
By Mr. Neal of Lincoln, to amend the Road
Laws so far as relates to the county of Lincoln.
Mr. W alker of Richmond laid upon the ta
ble a memorial from Elizabeth Liverman, and
sundry citizens of Richmond county, in be
half of John Liverman, a convict in the Peni
tentiary.
Mr. Moseley moved to take up the Resolu
tion of the Senate, bringing on the election of
two Senators to represent the State of Geor
gia. in the Congress of the United States, on
Thursday, the 11th inst., at II o’clock, A. M.
Mr. Jones moved to amend by striking out
“Thursday, the 11th inst.” and inserting Tues
day, the IGth instant.
Whereupon the Yeas and Nays were re
quired and arc, yeas 63, and nays 65. The
motion to strike out was lost.
Mr. Moseley moved to amend by striking
out “Thursday, the 11th inst.,” and insert
Saturday, the 13th, which was agreed to.
Whereupon, Mr. Gaulding offered the fol
lowing as a substitute.
Resolved , That both branches of the Gene
ral Assembly, will convene in the Representa
tive Hall, on Saturday next, at 11 o’clock, A.
M., for the purpose of electing a Senator to
the Congress of the United States, for 6 years
from the 4th March last.
Whereupon after some remarks by Mr.
Gaulding, on the question, the yeas and nays
were required to be recorded, and arc as fol
lows :
Yeas. — Messrs. Atkinson, Bailey, Barnes,
Baratte, Baugh, Bryan of Houston, Bryan of
Wayne, Cabiness, Candler, Carlton, Carter,
Cleveland, Colbert, Cone, Darnell, Dorminy,
Fields, Fitzpatrick, Franklin, Freeman, Gauld
ing, Glass, Glover of Jasper, Hall, Harden,
Hecldon, Heard, Hendricks, Holmes, Jackson
of Walton, Jones, Keith, Kenan, Kilgore, Ma
loney, Martin, McConnell of Cass, McConnell
of Cobh, McDonald, McDuffie, Morris, Penti
cost, Phillips, Pinckard, Pollock, Rawls, Reid,
Robinson of Jasper, Rosar, Sheffield, Smith
of Cass, Spear, Strickland, Sumner, Tift,
Vardcman, Walker of Crawford, Weathers,
Whitworth, Williams, Williamson, Wilson,
Wimbish. —63.
Nays. —Messrs. Alexander, Anderson of
Warren, Anderson of Wilkes, Andrews, Ar
nold, Bacon, Battle, Bartow. Beasley, Be
thunc, Black, Bird, Brandon, Brinson, Brown,
Bullard, Callaway, Cameron, Clark, Crocker,
Dozier, Dubignon, Fleming, Gartrel, Glenn,
Glover of Jones, Graham, Gresham, Harris of
Baldwin, Harris of Clark, Harris of Taliaferro,
Hodges, Howard, Jackson of Clark, Jackson of
Sumter, Lawhon, Lewis, McCara, McLeod,
Mclntosh, Morgan, Moseley, Neal, Nisbet,
Pace, Perkins, Price, Quarterman, Ramsay,
Reynolds, Robinson of Coweta, Robinson of
Laurens, Sanford, Seward, Shockley, Smith
of Oglethorpe, Terrell, Talbot, Tillman, Todd,
Townsend, Walker of Richmond, Ward, Wood,
Zachry—6s.
The Resolution was then, taken up and
agreed to as annexed—yeas 66, nays 63.
IN SENA TE.
The clerk of the House of Representatives
reported the concurrence of the House to a
Joint Resolution, requesting His Excellency,
the Governor to issue his Proclamation ap
pointing Thursday, the 25th instant, as a day
of Thanksgiving and Prayer.
Mr, Dunnagan moved arc-consideration of
the resolution of the Senate, passed on Tues
day, to bring on the election of two United
States Senators. After some discussion on the
part of Messrs. Dunangan, and Foreman in fa
vor of the motion, and Mr. Terrell against it,
the motion was lost. Yeas 11), Nays 25.
The Senate concurred in a resolution of the
House to proceed on Friday morning, 12th in
stant, at 10 o’clock, to the election of a Trea
surer, Comptroller General, Secretary of State,
and State Printer.
Mr. Lawton laid upon the table a Resolu
tion, complimenting the Georgia Regiment,
under the command of Col. Henry R. Jack
son, which was taken up and agreed to.
Theatre-
The Theatre has been freely patronized du
ring the past week, and “ Fashion” has been
well received. The Manager deserves great
credit for the manner in which he got it up ;
and all the characters in it were well sustain
ed by the Company.
To-morrow evening the Manager offers a
nother attractive bill. On that evening the
popular play of “Love’s Sacrifice,” will be
performed for the first time in this city. Mr.
Crisp and Miss Ellis will both appear in this
piece. The comedy of “Used Up,” will close
the performances of the evening, in which Mr.
Crisp will sustain the character of Sir Charles
Coldstream, and Mrs. Forbes that of Mary
Wheatley,
Massachusetts Election.
Returns from 284 towns, give Briggs, whig,
51,204; Cushing, dcm., 38,368, all others 11,-
592. The whigs have elected 18 Senators, the
whole number elected out of 40, of which the
Senate consists. To the House the whigs have
elected 147 members, the democrats 51, and
the abolitionists J.
Tennessee-
The Senatorial term of S. A. Jarnigan ex
pired on the 4th of March last. The Legis
lature of Tennessee, at the latest accounts,
was occupied in endeavoring to make an elec
tion to supply his vacancy. About twenty
candidates were placed in nomination : there
were twenty-nine ballotings without any
choice being made. The most prominent
candidates were Reese, Nethorland, Blair and
Topp.-
wn—awm a r
Thanksgiving Day-
The Legislature has passed a resolution ap
pointing Thursday, the 25th inst., as a day of
Thanksgiving. This makes, we believe, the
si^teenth{State which has designated this day
for the same purpose.
Oglethorpe University.
We find in the Savannah Georgian of Fri
day, the following programme of the recent
Exhibition at Oglethorpe University :
PRAYER BY TUB PRESIDENT MUSIC.
B. F. Carter, Scottsboro, Ga., Ferdinand and
Isabella.
G. R. Foster, Montgomery, Ala., Full of the
Incas.
MUSIC.
Donald Fraser, Liberty county, Ga., St. Paul.
A. Sidney Ilartridgc, Scottsboro, Ga., Lord
Byron.
MUSIC.
James A. Hopson, Lagrange, Ga., Improbus
labor omnia vincit.
Lafayette S. Quartcrman, Liberty county, Ga.,
Lorenzo De Medici.
MUSIC.
John B. Ragland, Columbus, Ga., Lafayette.
John M. Smith, Indian Springs, Ala., The
Monuments of Genius.
MUSIC.
Sam. B. Spencer,‘laborty county, Ga., Gene
ral Oglethorpe.
Leander L. Yarnedoe, liberty county, Ga.,
Alexander Hamilton.
B EX E DICTION M USIC.
(From the N. Y. Jour, of Commerce of the 10 th inst.{
ARRIVAL OF VUE STEAMER
WASHINGTON
FIVE DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE.
The steamer Washington, Capt. Hewitt, ar
rived at this port yesterday from Bremen via
Southampton, bringing us London papers to
the 21th ult., and Liverpool to the 23d (Sat
urday.) Considering the roughness of the
weather, she made an excellent passage.
Corn and cotton remained about as before.
Some new failures had occurred, and money
continued scarce, but for the last day or two
previous to the steamer’s departure, there
were symptoms of convalescence.
The French steamer Union arrived at Cher
bourg from this city on the morning of the
18th uit. She experienced bad weather on
the passage.
Ibrahim Pacha arrived at Malta on the 14th
ult., on his way to England.
Continued Commercial Emharrasment—Unabated
Distress throughout England■—Stoppage oj
Banks, and Continued Fall in Prices.
LIVERPOOL, Oct, 23. —During the brief
interval of only a few days since the departure
of the Caledonia, no amelioration in the state
of mercantile affairs can be said to have taken
place. The failures w hich have occurred have
not been of that extensive character as those
previously recorded; but in our own town the
pressure has been as great, if not greater, than
at any period of the crisis. It will be seen that
a deputation of our leading merchants, headed
by the mayor, have applied to her Majesty’s
Government for relief; but as the Bank of
England directors, and a very large class of re
flecting men, continue to adhere to the inflexi
ble principle of Peel’s Bank Act, Government
hesitates to interfere,seeing that public opinion
is still divided upon the subject. It is,moreover,
apparent that an issue of Exchcquerßills would
be of doubtful efficacy, considering the pre
sent prices of those securities; whilst an issue
of Bank notes would now be, even if they
could prove a perfect remedial measure for the
moment, a direct violation of the existing law.
To issue an Order in Council, for the purpose
of rendering nugatory a deliberate act of the
Legislature, passed not four years ago, would
be a step which no Minister of the Crown
could venture upon, more especially with an
untired new' Parliament, which migh, in the
sequel, if the measure failed of success, refuse _
to pass au act of indemnity. It seems, there
fore, to us hopeless to expect the Government
to infere; but still think that, as soon as Minis
ters can make up their minds what is the lit
and proper remedy for the undoubted exist
ing monetary, evils,they will immediately call
Parliament together in order to carry their
resolutions into effect in the most constitution
al mode.
In our last w'e announced the failure of the
Royal Bank of Liverpool, and the ineffectual
aplication of a deputation sent to London for
the purpose of obtaining assistance to enable
the institution to go on. When the intelli
gence reached Liverpool of the refusal of the
Bank of England to interfere, great consterna
tion ensued. Mr. Littlcdale, the head of the
firm of brokers bearing his name, repaired im
mediately to London with a view to alter the
determination of the Bank of England. As
regarded his own affairs he partially succeeded.
We believe that £50,000, in bank notes and
£250,000 in stocks were advanced to him, and
this arrangement scorned to stay extensive
mischief in the town. Several failures have,
however, taken place. Messrs. C. W. &. F.
Shared, connected with Antigua and the West
Indies, stopped payment, as also Berry, Y'oung
& Co., cotton brokers, Livington & Co., exten
sive East India merchants; and we learn from
London that the acceptances of Barton, Irlam
& Iligginson, payable in London, have been
refused payment by Robarts, Curtis & Co.,
w t’i the reply of “no orders.” This morning
the suspension of the firm became a matter of
public notoriety, and it is stated that the lia
bilities are not less than one million sterling.
This is by far the most extensive failure we
have had in our town, and we greatly appre
hend that the mischief that it will occasion
will bo most extensive.
Whilst we record these mercantile failures,
we have also the painful task of reporting that
the Banking establishments in some parts of
the country arc now affected. The Liverpool
Banking Company followed the fate of the
Royal Bank,and virtually suspended cash pay
ments.. Its business was very much smaller
than the Royal Bank. The Manchester Bank,
Scholes & Co., a small concern, has also stop
ped. The Newcastle Union Joint-Stock has
also closed their doors. The company had a
paid up capital of £152,400, and being a bank
of issue, their notes in circulation amount to
£75,000. The stoppage will occasion much
inconvenience in the mining districts, with
which the bank was connected.
From the European Times, Oct. 23.
Failures of merchants and bankers in Eng
land and other parts of Europe since the pub
lication of the “ European Times’’ of the 19th
October;
Barton, Irlam & Iligginson, merchants,
Liverpool.
Berry, Young & Co., cotton brokers, Liv
erpool.
Bertrand & Napoleon, Com tray.
Brooke & Wilson, shipowners, Liverpool.
Grazebrook & Son, iron merchants, Liver
pool,
Jones, W., & Co., wholesale tea dealers,
Liverpool.
Liverpool Banking Company, Liverpool.
Livingston & Co., East India merchants,
Liverpool.
Log in, James, Canadian trade, Liverpool.
Molyncux & Hulbcrt, tea brokers, Liverpool.
Newcastle Union Joint Stock Bank, New
castle.
Scholes, Tetlow & Co., bankers, Manchester.
Verrein & A. Gielis, manufacturers. Court
ray.
Warden & Co., merchants, Liverpool.
Correspondence of the London Times.
_ Liverpool, Oct. 21.
\v e can to-day report to you no amendment
in the state of affairs. The aspect of the mo
ney market and commercial affairs is frightful
This morning the American Chamber of
Commerce held a meeting upon the subject of
the present frightful crisis, and specially to
consider whether the association should renew'
their applications to the Government to relieve
the distresses of the community. No deci
sion, how ever, was taken : and the ‘Chamber
adjourned after receiving a formal report from
the recent deputation, without determinin ' lo
adopt such a step for the present.
Liverpool, Friday, P. M., Oct 22.
A perceptible improvement may be noted
to-day in the tone of feeling prevalent on the
’Change-square. The happy result of the ef
forts made by Messrs. T. & 11. Littlcdale to
preserve the credit of their firm, the first bro
kers’ house in this county, was announced
at a late hour last evening, on the arrival a
an express train.
Private commercial matters also wear an im
proved aspect. But one new suspension, on
the one hand, can bo noted—namely, that of
Messrs. A\ arden & Co., general merchants, of
Oldhall street; while, on the contrary, wo
have the pleasure of stating that two resump
tions arc announced; the one that of Messrs.
Livingston & Co., who have to-day received
remittances from India; the other that of
Messrs. Scholes & Co.’s private bank, in Man
chester.
TO HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN.
The humble petition of the undersigned Bankers ,
Merchants, Traders and others, inhabitants of
Liverpool, “ shcireth , —
“That your petitioners humbly beg to rep
resent to your Majesty the ruin with which
commerce, manufactures, and industry of the
country arc threatened —trade is paralysed,
manufactures to a great extent stopped, and
the laboring classes thrown out of employ
ment.
“Your petitioners have in vain invoked the
assistance of your Majesty’s ministers to re
store confidence and allay the universal alarm
which prevails, and they now venture to ap
proach the Throne with full confidence in
your Majesty’s solicitude for the welfare of
your people, and praying that your Majesty
will be graciously pleased to summon the leg
islature to meet for the purpose of deliberat
ing on the alarming condition of the country;
and of advising measures for restoring confi
dence.
“Your petitioners feed assured that unless
remedial measures be speedily adopted, tho
social condition of your majesty’s subjects
will be impaired to such an extent as to jeopar
dise the national credit, and lead to scenes of
unheard-of calamity and disorganization.
“The revenue of the country, from Cus
i toms, Excise, and Income Tax, is threatened
with serious diminution.
“The ruin of those classes on which the la
bor of the country depends, must inevitably
lead to lawless means of obtaining that food
w hich can no longer be procured by honest in
dustry, necessitating the military force to re
press the excesses of a mass of people driven
to desperation by impending w'ant.” ‘ '
The Manufacturing - District* '
MANCHESTER, Oct. 22.—T0-day a gen
eral strike, or cessation from w r ork, as previ
ously determined on at a meeting of the dele
gates, took place at Ashton, the masters having
refused to accede to the request of the depu
tation, that they should withdraw their pro
posed reduction of ten per cent, upon wages.
Accordingly about 30 mills strike after to-day,
Thursday being what is termed the “finishing
up” day of the week. Everything is perfect
ly peaceable, it being expected that terms w’ill
be come to; at any rate, if trade becomes more
brisk, and the masters require, haijds.
The state of trade throughout the manufac
turing districts of Lancashire finds n» t p9rallcl ~
in any previous experience. The numbers
throw'll out of employ increase every day, and
the complement of mills at work is every
week being reduced. This is fgund to«be the
case from official statistic returns. As regards dj
the operative classes in Manchester *
Lancashire districts, in January o\t appears
from these returns, there were 175 mills in
Manchester, 113 of which were working full,
and 52 short time, 10 being altogether stopped.
The number of hands are 19,856 males and
19,533 females, or a total factory population
of about 40,000. Os these 25,847 were work
ing on full time, 11,851 on short time, while
1,691 were wholly out of employ, the average
hours per day in the mills working short time
being seven hours and a quarter.
The return for the northern division of the
district, including Blackburn, Middleton, Ley
land, Bolton, Ashton, Bury, Prescot, War
ringt in, Ormskirk, Kirkdale, St. Helen’s and
other places, show that there ivere 754 mills
and 126,457 hands. Os these, 393 mills were
in full work, the hands emploved being 52,792;
232 w'ere working short time, wdth 5,842 hands;
54 had been closed by the masters, throwing
19,237 out of employ; five mills had struck
with 658 hands, the strikes being principally
in Blackburn and Ashton. The returns for
Lancaster, Preston, Yorkshire, and Cheshire,
and the boundary of Lancashire are not more
favorable. They show that the total num
ber of mills are i 13, the total hands 28,117;
the mills in full w'ork 73, the hands in them,
17,932; the number on short work 21,the hands
7,542; the number closed 14, representing out
of employ 2,076 hands; the number struck 5,
hands 567; the mills that have struck being in
Yorkshire, Cheshire, and the outskirts of Lan
cashire.
The return for Stockport, and which is to
be presented for the consideration of the mag
istrates at the Knutsford Sessions, show's that
there are 36 mills, w hich gave employment to'
18,250 hands. Os this number 5,020 hands
are totally stopped. There arc 583 working
five days and a half in the week; 794 five
days; 1,389 four days; 1,221 three days and a
half; 7,387 three days; and 857 two days.
In fact, all the mills are working on short
rations, and at a largely reduced scale through
out this immense manufacturing district.
The general feeling at present influencing'
the leaning manufacturing firms of Lancashire
Is, that the proposed reduction of 10 per cent,
on wages, in the face of the existing commer
j cial depression, is an unavoidable, nay, neces
sary evil; for they contend that to keep things
in action they must regulate their w r ages and
their work conimensuratcly with the demand.
This demand at present amounts to compara
tively nothing, but they hope, by adopting
this policy and by working "proportionate time,'
that things w r ill gradually conic round and
right themselves.
The present agitation docs not extend to
what are called the fine spinning factories,
where they prepare silks, muslins, &c., for the
use of the upper classes, w'ho can afford them,
but chiefly to the coarse spinning factories, for
yarns, calicoes, fustians, Sec., wiiose trade is
more dependent on the wmrking classes, who
cannot afford to be purchasers as usual at such
a period of depression as the present. Ow ing
to the scarcity of cotton and its high price, it
is estimated that there has been one-third less
consumption than last year, w'hile the number
of bales used per week has been reduce ! from
28,000 to 18,000, or at the rate of 10,000 per
week. The wages on the fine mills vary from
30s. to 20s. per week ; in the coarse mills from
18s. to 30s. ; and it follows, that where they
work short time, in many they work
by piece, the wages are commensuratcly redu
! ced. The latter payment, how'ever, is consid
ered sufficient to keep the operatives in sub
sistence.