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■ william E. JONES. AUGUSTA, GEO., THURSDAY MORNING APRIL 36, 1838. ITri-wvekly.]-V«l. 11.-No 30.
■ Published
■ DAILY, TRI WEEKLY AND WEEKLY,
■ At JVo. Broad Street.
H Terms. —Daily paper, Ten Dollars per annum
H| advanee. Tri-weekly paper, at Six Dollars in
■dvance orseven at tlioend of the year. Weekly
Hiper, three dollars in advance, or four at tbo end
Hr the year.
■ chronicle and sentinel.
I AIfttUSTA.
I Wednesday Morniii);, April 25.
R We omitted in our Monday’s paper, the pro-
Hertime to have done so, to notice the reception
Hn Saturday last, by the Augusta Artillery
Kuards, of the two pieces of brass Cannon,* tho
Arrival of which at Hamburg, wo noticed incur
Saturday's paper.
K On Saturday evening the Artillery Guards pa-
armed and equipped as Infantry, arid under
.'(|ic command ofCapt. Gould marched across the
|®ver to the Depot of the Carolina Rail Road.
ISlhero the Cannon had already been fixed upon
Hfeeir carriages, and four splendid gray horses at-
BHhed to each piece. The company having
|Hen sub-divided into four sections, with one of
fHe Cannon between the first and second and
'■Bo other between tbs third and fourth, tho flag
Hhd its guard in the centre, marched back, again
the Georgia side, where 13 guns were fired in
honor of the occas’on. The pieces were then es
| corted up Broad street as far as Kollock, thence
idown Ellis street to the parade ground of the
pßuards, where the Company was discharged,
jy|nrl a detachment left in the charge of the guns
to Acurt them to the Engine House.
They are perfectly new pieces, handsomely
,5-land substantially mounted and equipjied, and we
(•trust will long continue lobe the pride of the
Blßorps to which they belong, and an ornament to
j*our city.
Bank Dividend.
m By a notice published in this day’s paper, it
■Will be seen that the Bank of tho State of Georgia,
Has declared a dividend of four dollars per share
■n the Capital Stock of that Institution, for the
Hast six months.
■ CtscrNSATi axd CnAui.ESTOx Rail Road.—
■The company having complied with the requisi-
Bion of tho charter, the Governor of Tennessee,
H(says the Cincinnati Evening Post,) has subscii
fced for six hundred and forty thousand dollars
■of the slock in conformity to law. Tho instal
lment is fully paid up at Knoxville, and the stock
Sat a premium.
From Mexico, via Pensacola.
We learn, from the Pensacola Gazette of Sa»
lurday last, the! the U. S. ship Natchez has ar
rived there from Vera Cruz. The Natchez "arri.
ved at Vera Cruz the same day on which the
Yandalia sailed. The French squadron consis
ting of one frigate arid'five brigs of war, were
then lying at Sncrificio. Four of the brigs sailed
two or three days afler. The French minister
was on board the frigatp, corresponding with the
“Supreme Government,” and had given the Mexi
can* until tho 15th of the present month to de
v,ido dnon ail’d 1 pay die indemnity demanded by
the French, which has bow been reduced by them
to about sBoo,bob.—This sum it was supposed'
tho Mexican Government would pay, but >it Was
rumored and generally believed -tHo govern
nment would at once pass a law banishing all
French subjects from the republic. In ibis way,,
by means of confiscations, <kc. it was supposed
the sum required would be raised.
h -■ -
Capt. Paine, of the ship Hull, at Boston, from
.Cadiz 14th ultimo, reports thafihree fourths of
all the Salt at Cadiz, was destroyed by gales ol
wind and incessant rain, which continued from
January Ist to March Ist. He was pointed to
-places where piles of 500 lasts of salt had been
washed away and not a bushel left. The juice
had risen 75 centi per ia»! inconsequence.
The trial of Mr. Dunham, late Cashier et I
Lafayette Bank at Boston, for perjury, has resul
ted in a verdict of guilty.
Tho hard currency folks in Michigan, deter,
mined not to give up the idea of a metallic basis,
have established a bank with six boxes of Col.
fin*’ cast steel axes in the vaults, on which to
discoant. So say their newspapers.
Mobile.—Tho Examiner of Wednesday
pays:—“The market on Monday was rather qui •
,el —1000 bales however changed hands—mostly
i at a decline on the prices of the former putt of
i [last week, of ia J cts. per lb. Yesterday the
| market was exceedingly dullt—and a small bush
! ness done—at tales ranging SJ al3 cents. We
have heard of but few sales transpiring yester
day—with but little, if any on prises of the last
of last week.
The steamboat Cotton Plant, Captain Walker,
was, we arc informed, snagged on Tuesday last',
(17th) about 60 miles below Hawkinsville. Her
cargo was composed of cotton, of which about
100 bales will probably bo damaged.
The boat* has since been got off and will be sa
ved,
A steamboat has been sent from Darien to take
her cargo off.— Sav. Georgian.
[From the ('harle.ston Mercury.]
The closing of the new bridge at Augusta, to
all but the proprietors, by an injuuction from the
4(Jourt of Errors of this State, having excited much
interest there and in the adjoining portion o'l
South Carolina, the following history of ihe mat
ter, which I believe is substantially correct, will
doubtless be interesting to many of your readers,
On the 28th April, 1787, certain commission
ers appointed by the States of South Carolina
and Georgia, lor the purpose of settling some
conflicting claims of territory and jurisdiction,
ratified what is known as the Convention ol
tßeaufort.
By the second article, the navigation of the
most northern stream of the Savannah River, is
declared to be thenceforth equally free to the
citizens of both States, and exempt from alldu-
V * *
cgiiiSiMTjtcaiLua & aißnqqisKßiLa
ties, tolls, hindrance, interruption and molesta- ■
lion whatsoever, attempted to be enforced by one |
Slate on the citizens of another. I
On the 1 Till of December, 1813, the Slate of ,
South Carolina granted to Henry Shultz and
Lewis Cooper, for 21 years, the exclusive privi
lege of building and keeping up a bridge over the
Savannah River opposite Augusta, between
Campbclton and the Sand liar Ferry, and prohi
biting any other persons from keeping a bridge,
during that period, within the above limits, ex
cept tor their own use.
On the Oth of'November, 1814, the State of
Georgia granted to John M’Kinne and Henry
Shultz, for 20 years, the exclusive privilege of
keeping their bridge opposite Augusta, and pro
hibiting any other persons during that period,
from keeping a bridge over said river within four
miles of the one vested in the persons named in
the said Act.
On the I filh December, 1815, the State of Geor
gia charioted the Dank of the State of Georgia,
the 7th and 10th fundamental rules of which cor
poration, would seem to prohibit it hum holding
or dealing in such a thirfg as a mcuopoly from
another Stale.
On the I'Jth December, 1827, the Legislature
of South Carolina enacted that no grant “of a
bridge, tony or turnpike road, shall prevent the
Legislature from making further grants of ferries,
bridges or turnpike roads, within any distance of
the same, whenever the convenience ol the com.
munity may require such further grants.”
On the 13th ol Dec. 1833, the Legislature ot
South Carolina granted to the President and
Directors of the Dank of the Slate of Georgia,
their successors and assignees, an extension for
fourteen years from the expiration of the former
charier, of the exclusive privilege originally gran
ted in 1813 to Messrs. Shultz and Cooper.
On the 23d of Dec. 1830, the Legislature of
Georgia granted a charter for the said bridge,
to the Dank of the State of Georgia, for ten years
from the termination of the former charter in
1834, expressly providing that nothing contain
ed in the act, should bo so construed as to giant
any exclusive privtligos to the hank of the State
of Georgia, or prevent the Legislature from char
tering any other bridge at or near Augusta
thereafter.
, the 22dl)eccmber, 1834, the Legislature
of Georgia granted to certain persons named in
tHe act, and their associates, the right and 'privL
lege of building a bridge across the Savannah Ri
ver, at or near the northern end of M’KiimeoStreet
ot Mill-street in the City of Augusta, and of col
lecting the tolls as could he lawfully de
manded at the lower bridge.
In May, 1836, a company was formed, and the
woik of building the new bridge commenced un
der the charter from Georgia, tho land on both
sides of the river which was necessary for the
bridge and road having been surrendered to the
Company by the owners, who were parties to the 1
enterprize.
In September, 1835, the Bank of tho state of
Georgia having filed a bill in equity in South
Carolina against those engaged in the work, serv
ed on them a notice that the Bank would in six
days nfierwards apply to Chancellor Dafaussure/
at his Chambers in Columbia, for an injunction
to stay their proceedings in building said bridge.
The application was made, and after full argu
ment the Chancellor decided that the plaintiff
was not entitled to an injunction.
In January, 1836, the same parties were again r
served, with a notice that application would be |
made oil the fourth Monday in that month, fuJ
the Chancellor picsiding at Edgefield, for an in
junction in the same oa-e. Owing to the ab
sence of counsel, or some other cause, the appli
cation was not mode.
In April, 1836, the same parties were again
served with a notice that an application would
he made to one of the Chancellois in Charleston,
on the oth or May ensuing, for an injuction in
the same case. The case was argued before
Chancellor Johnston, who also decided that tho
planitift was not entitled to an injunction.
After these concurring derisions by two inde
pendent Chancellors, in the selection of whom
those engaged in the enterprise had no voice,
the work was pushed forward with vigor, in the
confident belief that no further serious impedi
ments could he raised to obstruct it.
This case was, however, carried to the Court
of Errors of South Carolina, by which the de
cree of the Circi't Court was roveiscd in De
cember, 1838, and the defendants were restrain
ed from keeping or employing their bridge for';
public use. Chancellors Johnston and Harper,
and Justices Evans, Earle and Butler, having
been in favor of the injunction to this extent,and
Chancellor Johnston, and Justices Gantt, Rich-f
ardson and O’Niall, against it. Chancellor
Dcsaussure had resigned his office.
Previous t» the decision application was made
to the Legislature of South Carolina, for a char
ter for the new bridge, on tho terms of tho Act
of 1827, above referred to, hut the request was
I refl'sed,
TtiC bridge tvas closed to all hut the proprie
tors or the iiß.h of last! month, and many per
sons on belli sides of tii3 river as? compelled to
go several miles farther to cross the river ! ia >*
would be necessary if the new bridge vVPs open
to them.
Deaths in New York —The Now York
City inspector, reports the death of 130 per
sons during the week ending on Saturday the
I4:ih of April 1838—viz. 28 men, 18 women,
30 boys, 24 girls.
Mr. WEBSTER'S’ SPEECH— Concluded.
But now, sir, what is the principle of construc
tion upon which the gentleman relies to sustain
his doctrine! “The genius of our Constitution,”
he says, ‘‘is opposed to the assumption of power.”
This is undoubtedly true: no one can deny it.
But he adds, “whatever power it gives, is ex
pressly granted.”
But I think, sir, tfris by no means follows from
the first proposition, and cannot be maintained.
It is doubtless true that HO power is to be ass urn
, eel; but then powers may he inferred, or necessa
, rily implied. It is not a question of assumption,
' it is a question of fair, just, and reasonable infen
t en.ee. To hold that ho power is "ranted and no
means authorized, but such as are granted or au
“ thorized by express words, would be to establish
a doctrine that would put an end to llva Govern
e ment. It could not last through a singfw session
of Congiess. If such opinions had prevailed in
the beginning, it never could have been pul in
motion, and would not have drawn its first breath,
0 My friend near me, from Delaware, has gone \o
e fully and so ably into this part of tho subject,
h that it has become qcite unnecessary for me to
pursue it. Where tho Constitution confers on
Congress a general power, or imposes a general
II duly, all other powers necessary lor tho exercise
, of that general power, and for fulfilling that duty,
are implied, so far as there is no prohibition. W e
a act every day upon this principle, and couM not
e carry on the Government without its aid. Under
the power to coin money, wo build expensive
,p mints —fill them with officers—punish such offi
cers for embezzlement—buy bullion —and exet
-0 cise various other acts of power.
R Tho Constitution -ays that tho judicial
c power ol tho Untied States shall be vested in
certain courts. Under this general authority
we not only establish such courts, but protect
their records by penalties against forgery, and
the purity of their Administration by punish
ing perjuries.
The department of the Post Office is an
other, and signal instance of the extent and
necessity of implied powers. The whole au
thority of Congress over this subject is ex
pressed in very few words; they arc merely
“to establish post offices and post roads.”—
Under I Ins short and general grant, laws of
Congress have been extended to a great vari.
cty of very important enactments, without the
specific grunt of any power whatever, as any
one may see who will look over the post of
fice laws. In these laws, among other provis
ions penalties are enacted against a gieat
number of offences ; thus deducing the highest
exercise of criminal jurisdiction, by reusona
alcand necessary inference, from the general
authority. But 1 Forbear from traversing a
field already so fully explored.
There are one or two other remarks, sir, in
the gentleman’s speech, which I must noleiH
tirely omit to notice.
In speaking ol'the beneficial effects of.tliis
measure, one, he says, would be, that Vihu,
weight of the banks would be taken Irsm the
side of the lax-consumers, where it has been
from the commencement of the Government
mid placed on the side of the taxpayers. —
This great division of the community ncces
arily grows out ot the fiscal acticu of tho
sovernment.
Sir, 1 utterly deny that there is the least
foundation in fact for this distinction. It is
an odious distinction, calculated to inspire
envy and hatred; and being as I think, weoliy
groundless, its suggestion, and the endeavor
to maintain it, ought to be resisted and re
pelled. We are all tax-payers in the United
Slates, who use articles on which imposts arc
laid; and who is there that is excused from
this tax, or does not pay his proper part of it,
according to his consumption'. l Ueitainly
no one.
On tl.o other hand, who are the tax-consu
mers ? Clearly the Army, the Navy, the la
borers on public works, and other persons
in Government employment. But even those
are not idle consumers ; they are agents of
the Government and of the People. Pension
ers may be considered as persons who enjoy
benefit from the public taxes ot the country
without rendering present service in return;
but the legal provision for them stands on the
ground iff fO'-uous merits, which none deny:
If we had a vast national debt, the annual in
terest of which was a charge upon the coun
try, the holders of this, debt plight be consid
ered as tax-consumers. But we have no
such debt. It the distinction, therefore, winch
the gentleman states, exists anywhere, most
certainly it does not exist here. And I can
not but exceedingly regret that sentiments
and opinions should bo expressed here, hav
' ing so little foundation, nnd yet as well cal
culated to spread prejudice and dislike, far
and wide, against the Government and insti
tutions of the country.
But, sir: 1 have extended these remarks al
ready to a length for which I find no juslifica
r tiou but in my profound conviction of the im
portance of this crisis in our national affairs.
- VVc arc, as it seems to me, about to rush mad
ly from our proper spheres. We are to relin
quish tho performance of our own incumbent
duties; to aboiulon the exercise of essential
powers, confided by the Constitution to our
hands, far the good of the country. This was
my opinion in Heptember— :t is my opinion
now. What we propose to do, and what we,
omit to do, are, in my judgment, likely to
make a fearful, perhaps a fatal, inroad upon
the unity of the commerce between these
iStates, as well 4 as to embarrasd and harass lliCf
employments! of the People, and to prolong
existing evils.
Sir, whatever we may think of it now, the
Constitution had its immediate origin in the
conviction of the necessity for this uniformity
or identity, in commercial regulations.
The whole history ofllio country, of every
year and every month, from the close ot tin?
war of the Revolution to 1789, proves (his
■ Over whatever other in crests it was made to
extend, and whatever others blessings it now
does, or hereafter may, confer on the millions
of free citizens who do or shall Jive under its
■ protection; even though, in time to come, it
should raise a pyramid of power and gran-,
dour, whose apex should look down on the,
loftiest political structures of oilier nations
and other ages, it will yet be true that it was
itself tho child of passing commercial neces
sity. Unity and identity of commerce among
all the States was its seminal principle. It
had been found absolutely impossible to ex
cite or foster enterprise in trade under tho in
fluence of discordant and jarring State regula-!
lions. The country was losing all the ad
vantages of its position. The Revolution
itself was beginning to he regarded as a doubt
ful ujeall'ng. The ocean before us was a bar
ren waste! No American canvass whitened
its bosom—no keeis of ol, rs uu ohed its wa
ters. The journals of tho Cuhgrcas °f the
Confederation show the most constant, un
ceasing, unwearied, but always unsuccessful
appeals to the States and the People, to re
novate the system, to infuse into that Confe
deration at once a spirit of union and a spi,
rit of activity, by conferring on Congress the
power over trade. B/nothing but the per
. ception of its indispensable necessity—by no
thing but their consciousness of suffering from
its want, were tho States and the People
brought, and brought by slow degrees, to in
vest this power, in a permanent and compe
tent Government.
Sir, hearken to the fervent language of the
old Congress, in July, 1785, in a letter addres
sed to the Stales, prepared by Mr. Monroe,,
Mr. King, and other great names, now trans
ferred from the lists of Jiving men, to .the re
cords which carry down the tame of the dis- •
tinguished dead. The proposition before
them, the great objects to which they so soli-,
eilonsly endeavored to draw the attention of i
the Slates, was this, viz. that “the United
Stales, in Congress assembled, should have
the solo and exclusive right of regulating the
trade of the Slates, us well with foreign na
tions as with each other.” This, they say, is
urged upon the States by every consideration
of local as well as of federal policy; and they
bcsteech them to agree to it, it they wish to
promote the strength of the Union, and to
connect it by the strongest ties of interest and
I affection. This was in July, 1785.
In die same spirit, and for the same end, ,
: was that most important resolution which was
adopted in the House of Delegates of Virgin- i
' ia, on the '2lst day of the following January. j
Sir, I read the resolution entire.
“Resolved, That Edmund Randolph, and 1
1 others, be appointed commissioners, who, or
' anv five of whom, shall meet such commission.
ers as may be appointed by the other States
in the Union, at a time and place to be agreed
on, to lake into consideration the trade of the
United States ; to examine the relative situa
tions and trade of the said Stales; to consider
how far a uniform system in their commercial
regulation* may be necessary to their com
mun interest and their permanent hartpony,
and to repott to the several Stales such an act
relative to this great object, as, when unani
mously ratified by litem, will enable the Uni
ted States, ip Congress assembled, effectually
to provide for the same ; that the said commis
sioners shall immediately transmit to the sev
eral Stales copies of the preceding resolution
with a circular letter requesting their concur
rence therein, and proposing a time and place
for the meeting aforesaid.”
Here, sir, let us pause. Let us linger at
the waters of this original fountain. Let us
contemplate this, the first step, in that series
of proceedings, so full of great events to us
and to the world. Notwithstanding the em
barra-sment and distress of the country, the
recommendation of the old Congress Had not
been complied with. Kvcry attempt to bring
the State Legislatures into any harmony of ac
tion, or any pursuit of a cotnmon object, had
signally and disastrously failed. The exigen
cy of the case called for a new movement ; for
a more direct and powerful attempt to bring
the good sense atid patriotism of the country
into action upon the crisis. A solemn assem
bly was therefore proposed—a general con
vention of delegates from all the States. And
now, sir, what was the exigency ? What was
this crisis ? Look at the resolution itself;
there is not an idea in it but trade. Com
merce ! commerce ! is the beginning and end
of it. The subject to be considered and ex
amined was “the relative situation of the trade
of the Stales;” and the object to be obtained
was the “establishment, of a uniform syslom in
their commercial regulations as necessary to
the common interest and their permanent har
mony.” This is all. And, sir, by the adop
tion of this ever-memorable resolution, the
House of Delegates of Virginia, on the 21st
day of January, 1786. performed the first act
in th i train ol measures which resulted in that
Constitution, under the authority of which you
now sit in that chair, ami I have now the hon
or of addressing the members of this body.
Mr. President, lam a Northern man. I am
attached to one of the States of the North, by
the lies of birth and parentage, education, and
the associations of early life; and by ftincci'S t;rat
ilndc for proofs of public confidence early bestow.,
ed. lam bound to another Northern State by
by “dqniinn. by long residence, by all the cords
of social and domestic life; and by an attachment
and regard, springing fron her manifestation of
approbation and favor, which grapple roc to her
with hooks of steel. And yet, sir, with the same
sincerity of respect, the same deep gratitude, the
same reverence, and hearty good-will, with which
1 would pay a similar tribute to either ol these
States, dot here acknowledgV.tbe Commonwealth
of Virginia to be entitled to the honor of com
mencing the work of establishing this Conslilu
' t10ii.... The honor is hors; let her enjoy it; let her
fotever wear it proudly; there is not a brighter
jewel in the liarp. that adorns seer brow. Let this
• resolution stand, illustrating Iher records, and
. blazoning her name through all lime!
The meeting, sir,proposed by the resolution,
• was holder;. It took place, as nllicnow, in Anna
polis, in May o( the same year; but it was thinly
attended, and its members, very wisely, adopted
measures to bring about a fuller and more gener
al convention. Their letter to the States on this
occasion is full of instruction. It shows their’
sense of the unfortunate condition of tl e coun
try. In their meditations on the subject, they
saw the extent to which the commercial power
' must necessarily extend. The sagacity of New
Jersey had led her, in agreeing to the original
proposition of Virginia, to enlarge the object of
the appointment of commissioners, so os to era
s brace not only commercial regulations, .but other
important matters. This suggestion the com
missioners adopted, because they thought, as
they inform us, “that the power of regulating
trade is of such comprehensive extent, ami will
enter so far into the general system of the Feder
al Government, that to give It efficacy, and to
obviate questions and doubts concerning its
> precise nature and limits, might require a corres
pondent adjustment of other parts of the Fed
eral system.’ Here you see, sir, that other pow
ers, such as are now io the Constitution, were ex
pected to branch out of the necessary commercial
power; and, therefore, the letter of the commis
sioners concludes with recommending a general
convention “to lake into consideration the whole
situation of tlio United -States, and to devise such
further provisions as should appear necessary to
render the Constitution of tiro Federal Govern
ment adequate to the exigencies of file Union ''
The result of that convention was the present
Constitution. And yet, in the midst of all this
flood of light, respecting its original objects and
purposes, and with all the adequate poyveis which
it confers, wo abandon the commerce of the coun ■
try, wc betrayals interests, wo turn ourselves
away from its most crying necessities. Sir, it
will be a fact, stamped in deep and dark ijrips up
on our annals, it will be a truth, which in all time
can never be denied or evaded, that if this Con
stitution shall not, now and hereafter, be so ad
ministered as to maintain a uniform system in
all matters of trade; if it shall not protect and
regulate the commerce of tho country, in all its
great interests, in its foreign intercourse, in its
domestic intercourse, in its navigation, in its ‘
currency, in cv,-r; thing which belongs le |
the whole idea of commerce, either asaf, eni '; ar ! j
agent, or an instrument, then that Constitution j
will have failed, utterly failed to accomplish tho j
precise, distinct, original object, in which it had j 1
its being. j
In matters of trade, we were no longer to bo |
Georgians, Virginians, Pennsylvanians, or Mas- [
skchusctls men. Wc were to have but one com
merce, anil that the commerce of the United]
States. There were not to be separate flags, wa. ]
ving over separate commercial systems. There j
was to be one flag, the r. piutunus use*; and
toward that was to be that rally of united inter- ■
ests and affections, which our fathers had so eat- |
neslly invoked.
Mr. President, this unity 6f commercial regu- j
lalion is, in my opinion, indispensable to the safe- •
ty of the union of the States themselves. In
peace it Is its strongest tie. I cure not, sir, on r
what side, nr in which of its branches, it may be *
attacked. Every successful attack upon it, made |
anywhere, weakens the whole, qnVl renders the
next assault easier and more dangerous. Any
denial of its just power is an attack npon it. We !
attack it, most fiercely attack it, whenever wc say
we will not exercise the powers which it enjoins. I
If the Court had yielded to the pretensions of re I
spectable States upon tho sulject of steam navi- 1
gallon, and to the retaliatory proceedings of other 1
; States, if retreat and excuse, and disavowal ol !
i power hed been prevailing sentiments then, in 1
what condition, at this moment, let me ask, would 1
the steam navigation of the country bo found! I
! To us, sir, to us, his countrymen, to us, who feel 1
■ so much admiration for his genius, and so much ’
gratitude fur his services, Fulton would have lived
i almost in vain. State grants and Slate etclu- ,
S sions would have covered o'd all out waters.
Sir, it is in Ihe nature of such things, that the
first violation, 01 the first departure from true prir.o -
ciples, draws more important violations or depar
tures after it; and the first surrender of just au-
Ihority will ho followed hy others more to bo dc- ,
plored. It commerce boa unit, to break it in
one part, is to decree its ultimate dismemberment
in all. If there bo made a first chasm, though
it be small, through that the whole wild ocean
will pour in. and wo may then throw up embank
ments in vaip.
Sir, the spirit of union is particularly liable to
temptation and seduction, in moments of peace
and prosperity. In war, this spirit is strength
ened Hy a sepse of common danger, and by a
thousand recollections of ancient clforts and an
cient glory in a common cause. In the calms
ol a long peace, and the absence of all apparent
causes of alarm, things near gain an ascendency
over things remote. Local interests and feelings
overshadow national sentiments. Our alien
lion, our regard,and our attachment, are every
moment solicited to what touches us closest, isud
wo feel less and less the attraction of a distant
j orb. Such tendencies, wo uro bound by true pa
triotism, and by our love of union, to resist.—
| 1 lus is our duly; ar)d the moment, in my judg
ment, lias arrived when that duly is summoned
to action. We hoar every day, sentiments and
arguments, which would becomo a mooting of '
envoys, employed by separate Governments,
mole than they become the common Legislature
ot > united country. Constant appeals arc
made to local interests, to geographical distinc
tions, and to the police and the pride of particui
!ar States. It would sometimes appear that it
was, or as it it were,a settled puipoie to convince
the people that our union is nothing but a jum
ble of different and discordant interests, which
must, ere long, ho all returned to Ihetr original ,
slate of separate existence; as if, therefore, it was
of any great value while it should last, and was
not likely to last long, 'l'he process of disintegra-,
(iop begins,by urging the fact of different interests.
Sir, is not the end obvious, to which all this
leads us] Who does not see that, if convictions
of this kind take possession of the public mind,
our Union can hereafter ho nothing, while it re
mains, hut a connexion without harmony; n
band without affection; a theatre for the angry
contests yfJocal feeling?, local objects, and local
jealousies! then while it continues to exist, in
mime, it may, by these means, become nothing
but the mere form of a united Government, My
children, and the children of those who sit around
me, may meet, perhaps in this Chamber, in the
next generation; but it tendencies now but 100
obvious, be not checked, they will meet as stran
gers and aliens. They will feel no sense of
common interest or common country; they will
cherish no common object of patriotic love. If
the same Sayon language shall fall'from their'
lips.it may be the chief proof that they belong
tC same nalion. Its vital principle exhausted
and gone, its power of doing good terminated,
now produclivc only of strife and contention,
am) no longer sustained hy a sense of common
interest, the Union itself must ultimately fall,:
dishonored and unlamcntcd.
The honorable member from Carolina himself,
habitually indulges in charges of usurpation and
oppression ogainst the Government of his cuuit-i
try. He daily denounces its important ineusuics,
in the language in which our revolutionary fa
thers spoke of the oppressions of ihe mother.
■ country. Wot merely against Executive usur
pation, either real or supposed, docs he utter
these sentiments, hut ogulnxt laws of Congress,'
laws passed by large majorities, laws sanctioned,
for a course of years, by the people. Those
. )i|,ws he proclaims, every hour, (o be a series of
acts of oppression, lie speaks of them as if it'
were an admitted fact, that such is their true,
character. This is the language which ho ut
ters, these thesontiments lie expresses, to the ri
sing generation around Win. Are they senti
ments and language which are likely to inspire
our children with the love of uniop, to enltirgo
their patriotism, or to leach them, ami to make
them led, that their destiny has made litem com'
mon citizens of one great and glorious republic! i
A principal object,in bis lute political movements, ’
the gentleman himself tells us, was to unite the
entire South-, and against whom, or against
what, does be wish to unite the entire South ]—
Is not this the very essence rtf local feeling and
local regard! Is it not the ncknowlegnicnt ofa
wish and object, to create political strength, by
.uniting opinions geographically' While
the gentleman thus wishes to uiijto Iho entire
South, I pray to know, sir, if he expects mo to
turn toward thcpoJar star, and, acting on the
same principle, toutier a cry of Rally ! to the
whole Worth! Heaven forbid ! To the day of
my death, neither ho nor others shall hear such
a cry from me.
Finally, Iho honorable member declares that
licohn.ll now march off. under the banner of State 1
Rights! March off from whom! March oil
from what] Wehnve been contending lor great
principles. Wo have been struggling to main
tain the liberty and to restore the prosperity of
the country: wo have made these struggles here,
in the national councils, with the old flag, the
true American flag, the Eagle, and the Stars
and Strips*, waving over the Chamber in which
we sit. Ho now tells us, however, that he mar-'
dies off under the State Rights banner !
Let him go. 1 remain. I am, where I ever
have been, nod ever mean to be. Hare, standing,
on the platform of the general Constitution—a f
platform, broad enough, and firm enough, to up.
hold every interest of the whole country—l shall
still he found. Intrusted with some part in the <
administration of that Constitution, I intend to
set in i's snirii, «mi in tho spirit „f ,h o sn who 1
irameu i l * Ves sir, I ’vpidd ac( aa if ogr father*, f
who formed it for us, and who bequeathed it Id v
us, were looking on us—as if I could see their
venerable forms, bending down to behold us, from
Ihe abodes above. I would act, too, sir, as if
that long lino of posterity were also viewing us,
whoso eye is hereafter to scrutinize our conduct 1
Standing thus, as in the full gaze of our am ;
cestors, and our posterity, having received this ,
inheritance from the former, to be transmitted to
the latter,and feeling, that if lam burn for any
good, in my day and generation, it is for the good
of the whole country, no local policy, or local fee
ling, no temporary impulse, shall induce me to
yield my foothold on tho Constitution and the
Citron. I move o/f, under no banner, not known
to the whole American People, nflil to their Con
stitution and laws. Wo, sir, tticsfc walls, these
columns 1
“fly
Frorf. their firm Base aa noon aa I." 1
J eame into public life, sir, in the service of \
the United States. On that broad altar, rny ear- i
licst, and all my public vows, have bom made. I '
propose to servo no other master. So far as dc. 1
pends on any agency of mine, they shall contin
ue United State:; united in interest and in aflec '
lion; united in every thing in regard to which (
the Constitution lias decreed their union; united I
in war, for the common defence, the common re- i
nown, and the common glory; and united, com. '
pacled, knit firmly together in peace,for the com
mon prosperity and happiness of ourselves and
our children.
The Detroit Pont epeake of a man in that fily, 1
who is so ugly that ho is obliged to wake up at '
night to rest his face.
BANK REPORTS.
Commercial Bank.
MACON, April 3, IS3B,
To his Excellency Gkohsk K. Gilmer,
Governor of Georgia ;
Sir:—ln obedience to ihu requirement of law,
I herewith transmit a semiannual report of this
Hank, to llic 2d insl., inclusive.
vVvy respectfully,
NATHAN C. MUNTvOE,
President.
Report of the condition of the Commercial
Hunk of Macon, on Monday, the 2 it of
.Ipril, 1838.
, Da.
i a Capital slock 310000
Surplus fund 13900
Profits since 12th February last 5948 47
Notes of this Hank in ciiculation 20856 G
Dividends unpaid gg•>
Amount duo to other banks 31585 68
individual depositors 45952 52
*616534 H 4
•' . , C».
By notes running to
maturity, and all ,
considered good 222194 60
Notes running to
matnAty land, con
sidered doubtful 3002 83
Notes past due,and
considered good 2500
Notes past duo in
suit 2080
—230077 43
Hills of exchange
running to matu
rity, and all con
sidered good 174951 68
Hills of exchange
past due, and all
considered good 8000
Hills of exchange
past due and in
suit, and doubt'
ful '6OOO
— 187951 68
Assets in hand* of agents at Co.
I limbus '6215
Hanking house and lot 8505 87
Amount of protest account 19 25
Incidental expenses since 12th
Feb. lust 301 89
Salaries paid 625
Specie on hand 60007 36
Notes of other batiks 29586
Amount at credit of
this bank in Now
Vork, 2140 01
Charleston 5173 39
Savannah 79708 ijil
other places 6723 64
-162939 52
*616534 84
■ ~
MBT OF KTOCkIIOLUKIIM, WITH Till NU.MIIKH OF
811 ATIKH OWN til, AND TIIK AMOUNT PAID
, TIIKUEON.
Stockholders. Shares. Per Share. .1 mount,
Thomas Napier 850 *B6 50 *73525
N C Monroe, as
trustee for C ,
D Uird 12 93 75 1125
Samuel Griswold 10 75 750
Thomas Taylor 800 75 ’6OOOO
William Cooke 50 75 3750
David Flanders 50 75 3750
Robert W Fort 50 75 ;)750
Anthony Dyer 300 75 .22500
Leroy Napier 528 75 39600
Hugh Craft to 75 3750
William U Parker 50 75 3750
.1 L Moultrie 100 7$ 7500
T T Napier 100 75 7500
Nat bin C Monroe 300 75 22500
Thomas W Haxter 100 75 7500
Skelton Napier 400 75 30000
A II Flewellen 100 75
Churchill Gibson 50 75 3760
B II Moultrie 100 75 7500
4000 *3lOOOO
Leonora, thhb County: —Before me, Nallin
rjiel LIli», a public Notary, for the .couijly pfore
said, personally appeared Nullum C Mmiroe,
President, and O H C>.rhar(, Cashier, of 'the
Commercial Hank st Macon, .who being duly
sworn, say that the coridilinr) of the said Bank,
and list ol its stockholders hereunto annexed, is
correct to the byst ol their knowledge and belief
—errors in books only accepted.
,A C M UNROE, President.
Gil CARH ART, Cashier.
Sworn and subscribed before me, this 3d dsr
of April. 1838.
NA 1 H ANIEL DLLS, Notary Public.
V6n.iT/:Rrisc.
NKW ORLEANS MARKET, APRIL 18.
Cotton Louisiana ami Mississippi: choice 114
to J 24; prime Illy lU:fa, r 10 a 104'; middling Hi a
81 ? inferior 7 n 71 ecnti per lb.-Limited demand,
ieimesseoan! North Ab»bami,sa 10 cents
Sugar. Puma 4a 5 cents; inferior 00 a 00; Urea
quantities arriving; no sales
white 121 a 13; brown BaBl cent* per
VoWs -On plantation, pergaJl£2 a 23; in the
distant " J ' E* VBO sales; plantation according to
CINCINNATI, APRIL ] 1
Flour — He quote sales 487a 85 00; iHir demand.
Whir key —Sales yesterday at 21c. Sales have
hem made during the week at 25c.
/'rm'irinnt continue as last reported. 7'hereisn
fair demand (or /.aril at 61; Bacon, hog round,6 a
61; bbl Fork, moss, 13 50 a $l4; prime, SlO.
-»—'">•—**--• 1— | ■■■ mil I
FINE WATCHES AND JEWELRY.
f|3riE subscriber has just received an invoice ol
A fine Cold Lovers ol the latisi stile dr best rpiaii'-
ly, such as single and double circle indopen lent sh
oos Uver Wotchos, with Irom 10 to 25Jewels; Ix.n
don Duplex and anchor escapment Lovers; gold and
silver lupine and Vertical WATCHES} also
an assortment of Rich Jewelry, Silver Simons"
<src. JOHN If MURPHY
F S. Watches and Clocks carefully repaired
ml warranted. ao;3tw2m mar 3
CELLING OUT AT COST—The undsr
signo I being dosi o is ol closing his business,
will dispose of Ins present stock ol Hoots and Sin as
at cost mr cnsh J. H. ROBERTSON,
april 3 swOw 230 Broad st.
OTICE.—AII persons indebted to tbu estate
Is of llcorgq (». Bass, late of Burks county, de
ceased, ate requested to make payment, and thoia
having demands are requested to render tb cm in ac
cordin'/ v* law, K. 'V. BASS, .Idnr’f.
spril It