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EDUCATION or TEACHERS.
Assuming that provision will be thug made
to raise all the funds necessary to build
school houses and pay the teachers to educate
all the free white children of the State, the
next question which presents itself, and per
haps the most important one of all. is, How
shall the State supply herself with competent
teachers ? raised in her midst and devoted to
her interest and her institutions ?—southern
men, with southern hearts and southern sen
timents ?
For the purpose of educating Georgia teach
ers for Georgia colleges. I propose that the
.State issue her bonds payable at such distant
times as the Legislature may designate bear
ing interest at seven per cent payable semi
annually, The interest to be paid out ot the
net earnings of the State Road : and the
bonds to be redeemed out of its proceeds,
should it ever be sold. That slie deliver
$200,000 of these bonds to the State Univer
sity at Athens, as an additional endowment :
$50,000 to the Georgia Military Institute, at
Marietta, and $50,000 to each of the three
denominational Colleges in the State, in con
sideration that each of said five Colleges, will
bind itself to educate annually, one young
man as a State student, for every $200 of an
nual interest which the endowment given hv
the State pays to the College . furnishing
him with board, lodging, lights, washing,
tuition, and all necessary expenses except
clothing, which might lie furnished by the
student himself or his parents. Hie interest
on this $400,000 of ltends would be $28,000
per annum. This sum would maintain and
instruct as above suggested one hundred and
forty young men annually, being one from
each county in the State, and two from each
of the fourteen counties having the largest
population, unless other new counties are
formed. 1 propose that these young men he
selected from all the counties in the State,
from that class only of young men whose par
ents arc unable to educate them, and that only
such be selected as ait- of good moral charac
ter. industrious and attentive, who desire an
education, and who give promise of luture
vs'fulness. That the selection be made in
each county by a competent commit
tee appointed by the Inferior Court, after an
examination at some public place in the county
of all such young men as desire to become
beneficiaries, and who will attend on a day to
Ik-fixed by the Inferior Court, after giving
due notice. Let the committee lx- sworn that
th. y will be governed in the selection by the
merits of the applicant, without prejudice or
p-artiality; and that they will select noone
whose parents are known to l<e able to give
him a collegiate education without doing in-
just ice to the rest of his family. And I pro-
;*>(. that the place of any such student in col
lege be supplied by another, whenever the
1 acuity of the college shall certify to the Infe
rior Court of his county, that he is neglecting
his studies or failing to make reasonable pro
gress. or that he has become addicted to ira-
morui habits. 1 propose that the State, in
this manner, give to each ■ the poor young
men thus selected his collegiate education, on
c< ndition that he will enter into a pledge of
i.vnor. to make teaching ids profession in the
county from which he is sent, for as many
years as he shall have been maintained and
educated by the Mato in College: the State
[K-nuitiing iiim to enjoy the incomes of his
ki-xir. lu:t requiring him to labor as a teach-
Many of these young gentlemen would no
doubt, adopt teaching as tlieir profession for
life. This would supply the State after a few
years with competent teachers. And as these
young men while teaching in the various
counties in the State would prepare others to
sath without going to college, pure streams
‘ learning would tints l»e caused to flow out
from the colleges, and be diffused among the
masses o: the people throughout the State.—
T hen we would not so often heat the com
plaint. that the child must unlearn at one
school wliat it has taken months perhaps to
h-arn at another under an incompetent teach
er. This plan is intended to equalize as far
as p-.ssible. the p-o- i with the rich, l>y giving
to as many of them as possible, at the ex-
pense of the State, an opportunity to educate
their sons in college, a privilege at present
confined Amos: exclusively to the rich: as
po-.-rmeu have not means to educate their sons
however deserviug or promising they mav
he.
Under- the plan above proposed it is not in
tended to make a donation, or absolute gift
to the colleges, of a single dollar of the bonds
of the State- It is intended only to deliver
the bonds to the colieg. s and to pay to them
the interest semi-annually, a* a compensation
for them to maintain and educate annually,
one hundred and forty young men of promise,
who eould in no other way enjoy the advan
tages of a liberai education : who in turn are
to din'use intelligence among the great body
of the people, thereby supplying the State
with Georgia teachers well qualified to teach
the youth of Georgia: uml who would he at
the same time, the natural friends of her in
stitutions. As a part of this plan I also pro
pose that a General Superintendent of Schools
for the State, be appointed with a salary suf
ficient to secure the Vest talent, whose duty
it shall be to collect valuable information
upon the subject, and report annually to the
Executive, to be laid before the legislature.—
And to traverse the State m every directiou,
visit the schools, itddress the people, and do
all in his power to create n lively interest on
the subject of educate n.
Carry out this phut and who can estimate
its benefits to the State .' 1 regard the educa
tion of the children of tlu- State as the grand
object oi primary importance, which should,
it neccssiiry. hike prec-akne-- of all other ques
tions of State j-olicy. For i apprehend it will
be readily admitted by c-very intelligent per-
son. that the stability and permanence of our
republic-in iiistitutions hang upon the intelli
gence and \ irtu-.- of our p-copie. No monarch
rules here ! And it is the- pride of our system
of Government that cadi citizen at the ballot
la x possesses equal rights of sovereignty with
every other one. Thanks be to our Heavenly
Father, the popular voice cannot here Ik- hush
ed in the silence of despotism. but the populat
es ill dictates the laws. May it thus ever re
main! H<>" important. it is. therefore, that
the masse- ot the people he educated, m- each
inav bo able to re.ui and un-lerst m l for hitu-
- -h. the Constitution and history of his coun
try. and to judge au-l decide for hiiuselt. what
an- the true principles and policy of his gov
ernment. Hut how much more important it
is. in my opinion, that every person in the
state be enabled to rc-n-1 for him or herself the
Holy Bible, and to comprehend the great prin
ciples of Christianity. in the eternal truths of
which. I aiu a firm, though humble believer.
Educate the masses and inculcate virtue and
morality, and you lay broad and deep, in the
hearts our people the only sure foundation of
republican liberty and religious toleration: the
latter of which is the brightest gent in the con
stitution of our Country.
By adopting the proposed line of policy we
have- it in our power, without increase of tax
ation or burden to our people, to place Geor
gia, so far as education is concerned, in the
proudest position of any State in the Union.
[, t her educate every sc*n and daughter with
in her limits, and siie may then justly boast
that site is the empire State of not only the
South, hut ot the whole Union. By this plan
the public debt would lx* reduced, and the
selicKil fund inerease.l. annually. $200,000 :
mid the interest amounting yearly to $28,000
• u the bonds delivered to the Colleges. would
lx- paid semi-attnually, out of the net earnings
of tlie State Road : and there wonhl still be
left an annual income from that source of $72.-
000. to lie applied to other purposes.
RKDCCnOX OF TAXES.
.bv the Legislature. • t taka* different View of
this snhie5t, and believe that all tfnneedi&sary.
wasteful or-extravagant appropriations 8frouid
lie avoided ; and that no more taxes sltouli be
raised than the necessities of t.-reFtatc require,,
under an economical adEfiinIStration ojf the
Government. :
I cannot believe that the people s love for
the government would be increased by Irigh
taxation. When the people Tritfe pttying in
creased taxes to build the Western & Atlantic
Railroad, they were told, that if they would
submit to this, the incomes of the Road, when
finished, should be applied in part at least in
reduction of their taxes. I think they have a
reason to expect, and a right to demand, that
these pledges shall be redeemed : and 1 res
pectfully urge upon you.as their representatives
the propriety of enacting such laws as will give
them the benefits of tlie incomes of the Road
as above suggested. This, in my judgment,
would be infinitely better than to squander the
funds in large appropriat ions of doubtful pro
priety. If the Road be faithfully and econom
ically managed, the net earnings paid month
ly into the Treasury, and applied to educating
the youth of the State, the payment oi the
public debt and the reduction of the taxes of
the people, it will then in reality be, what it
should be—a blessing to the w hole people of
Georgia.
ATLANTIC &. GULF RAILROAD.
lam informed that the work upon the At
lantic and Gulf Railroad is progressing w ith
reasonable rapidity under the management of
Dr. James P. Screven, its able and active Pres
ident. Early in the year the necessary evi
dence was furnished to me, that the individu
al stockholders had paid in, twenty per cent
upon $600,000 of the stock, which entitled the
Company, under the provisions of the statute,
to call for twenty per cent upon the State's
present subscription of $->00,000. 1 according
ly, in connection with Col. Watkins, our in
dustrious and faithful Secretary of State, issued
and delivered to the Company at par $100,000
of six per cent State bonds payable in New
York, with coupons attached. The bonds beat-
date 1st Fubruary, ISOS, and have twenty
years to ruu. Tlie interest is payable semi
annually. This Road is inte-nded to develop
tiie resources of a large and interesting section
of the State.
he made immediately, sufficient to pay each j and as several ofthe most wealthy Railroad sincere thanks to Almighty Chid, for the
Judge Whose commission liears date since the ! Companies in the State have in their char- abundant mercies, and rich blearingK, which :
STATE AID TO HAIL ROADS.
Other sections of the State are still destitute
of the advantages of Railroad facilities. 1 run
decidedly of opinion that it would bogood poli
cy for tlie State to lend her credit, to aid in
the construction of such Roads as may lx- nec
essary to develop her vast resources, provided
she be marie perfectly secure beyond doubt
against ultimate loss. This could be done by
the endorsement ol the bonds of the company,
by the State, alter a certain proportion of the
Road is first completed, for an amount suffi-
cient to enable the company to purchase iron
for the road. The bonds thus endorsed should
Ik- made payable twenty years afterdate, with
six per cent interest, payable semi-annually :
and let the State take a mortgage upon the en
tire Road, and all its appurtenances, declared
by law to he prior to all other liens: to bo fore
closed. and the road and its appurtenances sold
in sixty or ninety days after the fhilure of the
Company to pay any instalment of .either inter
est or principal when due. And in the event
the whole Road and its appurtenances, should
fail under such mortgage sale to bring a stun
sufficient to pay the entire amount for which
the State shall have become liable, on account
of the Company, let the law provide that each
solvent stockholder shall lx* liable to the State,
according to the number of the shares he may
own. for his proportion of the deficiency. This,
in my judgment, would make tlie State se
cure : while it would enable each e> impany en
gaged in the construction of a Road necessary
to the development of (lie resources of (lie State,
to obtain the money requisite to its comple
tion. upon sueii time and tetnrs as would ena
ble the company, should the Roari prove as
remunerative as its projectors anticipated, to
refund it out of the future net earnings of the
Road. Of course such a law should Ik a gen
eral one. alike applicable to all Roads in any
jsirt ofthe State, in the iK-Uefits ot which. all
Roads now iu process of construction, c-r to be
hereafter projected, on equal and well defined
terms, conditions and limitations might par
ticipate. Guard the St :te against pi-.-»ibility
of loss, stud I am decidedly in favor of State
aid. by lending her credit in the construction
fall such Roads as may ’k- necessary io the
prosperity if her peti !e. and the development
ifhei resources.
pass ge fit the act. tin
him. In view of the sacrifices made by them, j mend that the tax. for the present, on all the since we separated.
the heavy responsibilities incurred and 'the j companies in the Btate, be made uniform, and 1 There lias been no lack of provisions in the
gTeat amount of Tabor performed. I am of j that each lx* required t-> pay a tax of one-half ! land. The laborerof every class has been able
opinion that no class of officers in Georgia j of one per. cent on its n<-t incomes; to be paid j to supply bis necessities by the fruits of his
have been as poorly paid as our Judges. 1 I into the Treasury caeh year without cost to I labor.
therefore regard the act raising their salaries ! the State. j The barns of the husbandmen teem with
as wise and just, and regret only, that the; 1 also recommend that a heavy tax be ini- pientv for both man am) beast: and with the
constitution prevented, and still prevents, a posed upon each and every person who, as . exception of the visitation of yellow fever,
portion of them fr. -m receiving its benefits. 1 | commissioner, agent or trustee, or in any oth- I upon the kind and hospital iuhabitantsof our
think equality in this ease as well .-us in others, er capacity. shall lie engaged in drawing any ! beautiful seaport city. Savannah, which I am
is equity. There is o good veas-.n why a j lottery, or pretended lottery, or in selling lot- j happy to say has been less destructive than at
Judge who was elected soon after the passage ten - tickets, within this State. It is time the ! former periods, though it has deprived her of
of the act should receive $2.5i>.) perannmu. 1 moral sense o: our people were aroused for the some very valuable lives, (to the liereaved I
for his fuil term of fair years, while one ' suppression of this deceptive, fraudulent and
whose commission liears date a tew days pre- ! demoralizing practice ; which encourages
vious to that time, and who probably lias a ; among the people a spirit of fiazzard and gam-
more laborious Circuit., should serve the same ! Wing, depriving them of huge sums of money
term of four years for $1,800 per annum. - i every year, which too often brings distress
Taking this view ofthe question of justice and i upon helpless women and children : while it
right between them. 1 felt it mv duty to re- pampers idle drones in society, who neither
appoint any one. who. having most of a term j labor nor produce anything, but who grow
before him. thought proper to resign and take j rich by the creduiity and mi--fortunes of oth-
bis chance for re-election in January next. : ers.
I see nothing in their course deservingcen-j The Military System.
sure, and I do not hesitate to take my part of T i .. . ., , ■ , . ,
- 1 I The attention of the Legislatuae has again
and again been called to our defective Milila-
[fbrlhc InleUigeuttr.]
Uoxtookerv, Aia. , Nov. Sib, 1858.
Messrs. Editors .- The great interest which attaches to
the positions of an occasion such as our Annnal State
Fairs, and tin* numerous friends which road your widely
circu laled journal, induces me to offer vofta few items of i
the present years exhibition.
The resnlt. so far, bas been very gratifying to those j
most interested, and judging from the variety of articles !
entered, the multitude of happy and smiling faces, I j Child’s Socks Plate,......" $2
would say that all were delighted. j Mrs. W. L. Lampkin Forsyth CO. Ga.—
Compared with fanner fairs, there are some dejart- j best Emlirioidery in Silk—Plate,
ments, especially the ladies, not so full as usual, hut the J Mrs. S. C. Taylor. Atlanta, Ga. best
stock and mechanical departments arc unusually flue.— | Child’s Cloak—F/ate,
F *“ ra “ EMcCall &Co. f Athen.~G« lr ^rr a
Itcarded at the Southern Central Agrteultureal Spool*, Bobbins, Ac, f or Factorrh^’w*'**
Society, held at Atlanta during the wet ending
October 23, 1868.
[OCHCCLUW® FROM THURSDAY.]
EMBROIDFRY IN SILK FLOSS CHAIN-
STICH ON BRAID.
Mrs. W. L. .Lampkin, Forsyth co. Ga. best
r Factory
, b,Ac. z
Charles Axt, Crmwfordville, v
cup^ 1 stai ' rme
J H Fentress. Greensboro. NIC h. -
Blackberry Wine—cup, * ’ De *
Mm. Su^n B Savage, Athens. Georgia
best Muscadine Wme—Pfote,
Mrs RButtrell, Butts countv
best CherTy Cordial—Plate, g1 *’
John Ficken, Atlanta, Georgia
gore. GeorgioTmoke, ’ *'
re-appoint-
tbe responsibility, so far as the
meats are concerned. I ry svstem. and to the great neglect to perform
I have no sa mpathms m common with those j Miiitary dutv in the Stote. I doubt Whether
who vote away thousands, and tens ot thou- I - - - - - - - - -
sands <*f dollars, of the people’s money, in
THE GEORGIA PENITENTIARY.
The report of Gen. Eii Met ' r.mll, Frinci-
pal Keeper of the Penitentiary, -util inform
you of the present condition of tliat institute.
1 he walls banly constructed at lirst. have stood
for a lot.g iinu-. and now nearly ready n> tum
ble town. I be whole structure in a dilapi
dated condition, and will require action on the
part of tlie Legislature at its present or some
early session, it is a question xvort-by of your
attention whether it sliould be rebuilt where
itis. or be removed to some more favorable
location; or whether it should h* entirelva-
bolished. and some other inode oi punishment
substituted in its stead. Asa place it refor
mation of the convicts it is heleived to have
proved a failure, it brings t< igether an assem
blage of the worst men iu the State, many of
whom are beyond the hopeot retorniation. in
the midst of such an assemblage the young
ofl'ender has but little encouragement to re-
forrn. Observation lias shown us. that ac n-
siderable projKirtioii ot those who bat e served
the term <•'. a sentence have, after going out.
very soon violated the law, and Ren sent
b.-u- k for a second, some even fur a third time.
Some cf the States, as Alabama, and Texas,
have leased out their Penitentiaries : and it
is reported that t is plan has worked well in
those States, and has relieved them from all
burdens in maintaining their prisons. 1 com
mend the whole subject to the careful consid
eration of the legislature.
THE STATE ASYLUM S.
For the consideration and management of
the State Lunatic Asylum, the Academy for the
Blind, and the Asylum for the 1 >eaf and Dumb,
I beg leave to refer you to the respective re
ports «>i those entrusted with their manage
ment. These asylums have already done
much to improve the condition, and mitigate
the sulferings of tlie unfortunate persons who
are their respective inmates. Tlie State has
been liberal in her appropriations to found
and sustain them, and 1 trust that her lilier-
ality may prove a permanent blessing to her
people,
A recent visit to the Academy fur the Blind
in Macon, has satisfied me. that those in charge
of that Institution are laboring faithfully fin
the instruction, and the amelioration of the
condition of that unfortunate class of our fel
low beings, for whose benefit the Academy has
been provided. The m-w building isln-inge-
n*cted, and will. whenci>inpK*K-d. K- a beauti
ful structure, well adapted to tbe purix*se for
which it is intended. lam infoniUKi by the
Trustees that they have ainuiged the plan of
the building, and shaped the contract with
the builders, so as to bring the expense of tbe
whole within the appropriation, and that tiiere
will lx- no call for additional app .priation,
to save the State from the loss of the appr ipri-
ation already made. Their conduct in this
particubu' dest rves commendation.
GEORGIA MILITARY INSTITUTE.
Fot the condition at id prinqiect ofthe Geor
gia Military Institute, at Marietta, i also re
fer you to the report of the Trusteeso of that
Institution. Fairly in the year I purchased
for the State the remaining interest'of the
stockholders, and paid tor it as directed by the
statute. Hie whole is therefore the property
ot the State. I attended the examination ot
the classes at the late commencement, anti
take pleasure in saying that the voug gentle
The pn- nt annual expenses of the Gov- . men acquitted themselves with much credit.
inent. including tlie civil establishment, the
interest on tbe public debt, support of Asy
lutns. Academy lor the blind. State Gadets in
Militan* Institute. No., amount to about
$-146.000. without including any of the extra
ordinary appropriations. The present annual
incomes to the Treasury front the State tax.
the tax on bank stone, railroads, dividends on
bank stock, and from other miscellaneous
sources, such as copy grants, testimonials. Nc.
amount to al«>ut $446,000. exclusive <*f in
comes from the State Road. It follows there
fore. after allowing some $22,000 pr. annum
of special appropriations, outside of the actu
al excuses of the Government, that the taxes
might Ik* reduced from the incomes <>t' the
Roiul alNiut $50,000 per annum I<esides estab
lishing. and providing for the successful oper
ation. ofthe proposed sc1km>1 system. Should
the Legishittire. however, after providing for
th<* reduction of the public debt, the support
of the school system. ;utd the education of
teachers, make any considerable appropria
tions. other than those w hich may be absolute
ly necessary to supjiort tin* Government, no
ntaterial reiluction of the taxes could Ik* made.
In the event the Legislature should disap-
R ith to themselves and the faculty.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
A large number of the Counties ol'the State,
especially the new counties, have never been
supplied with standard weights and measures,
the number originally purchased by tlie State
proving insufficient. Frequent applications
are made to the Executive by the destitute
counties for a supply, and there are hone at his
disposal. It will cost a considerable sum to
purchase the requisite number. I rea unmend,
therefore, that an appropriation lv tna.k* suf-
large appropriations, often intende! by the
movers more for the a*lvanoement of individ
ual interests than for the public good, and
then attempt to raise a popular clamor should
the State do justice to her public officers, by
giving them a reasonable compensation for
tlieir services, which is now iu many instances
much less than their talents would command
at other employments.. One appropriation of
doubtful propriety, about which but little
may Ik* said often draws from the Treasury
more money, than all the increase of salaries
ofali the public officers of the .State. In 1811
when the salaries of our Judges were fixed at
$1,800 per annum, that amount of money
would purchase more property than $2,500
will yurchase now. A negro or ahorse might
then be purchased far but little, if any over
half as much as a similar piece of property
will command in the market now. It follows,
therefore, that our Judges and other public
officers, are not as well paid now as they were
then. Our great State-is not too poor, nor too
parsimonious, to do justice to those wlui ren
der her important public services ; nor is it
her policy to drive her best talent from public
positions to make r«K-in for those who will
agree to occupy them for less money.
Subscriptions to Legal Works.
At your last session resolutions were passed,,
requesting me to snbscrilie in behalf of the
Stare for 1.500 copies of Hines' Forms, at the
price of $2 50 per copy : and for 500 copies of
Reese's Manual, at a reasonable price, and to
pay for them out of the contingent fund. I
subscribed fi -r and received the lK«iks. and
paid Mr. Hines $1,000. and Mr. Reese $500.
one-third of the price agreed upon for the 500
c ipies of his book delivered at the Capitol.—
On account of tlie heavy drafts made upon
the contingent fund, to pay other sums taxed
up* *n it by resolutions of the General Assem
ble. lx-sides the payment ofthe salary of the
Reporter *<f the Decisions of the Supreme
Court, for which no appropriation was made,
I fi-und it impossible to pay the whole amount
due f>r tlu* payment of which the fund isin-
teitJcd. The balance of $2,750 due Mr. Hines,
and $1,000 due Mr. Reese, remains unpeid. I
respectfully recommmend that appropriations
be made in their behalf, for the respective
sums due them.
Tiie Penal Code.
l leg leave to call the attention of the Gen
eral Assembly to what I consider a defect in
our penal code. The Srii section of the 4th di-
visi- >n of the code is in these words: ‘•vojunta-
rv manslaughter shall be punished by confine
ment and labor iii the Penetentiary for a term
iess than two years nor longer than four
The re are doubtless many cases of vol-
nntary manslaughter committed by persons
<*f extreme youth, or attended by other ex-
tetiuating circumstances for the jiunislimeut of
which two years of imprisonment is sufficient.
It may often happen, however, from tin* in
genuity of counsel, the creation of sympathy
oil account of the long standing of a case, and
from other causes, that- persons guilty of de
liberate murder, are convicted only of volun
tarv lannskuigliter. The Judge who presides
in tlie case may lie fully satisfied that such is
the fact, but lie has no power to impose a
heavier penalty than that of four years impris
onment. The community feel that the pun
ishment is inadequate, but there is no remedy,
a- the Court has gone to the extent of the
law. If we would suppress crime and blood
shed in our State, we must execute the crimi
nal laws. :uid discard that sickly sentimentali
ty. which always sympathises with the crimi
nal. but lias no tear to shed over the unfortu
nate victim < >i his revenge. I recommend that
the section of the penal code above referred to,
be so amended as to enlarge the discretion
given to the presiding Judge, in cases
of voluntary manslaughter, committed after
the passage of the act. so that the punishment
shall not be less than two. nor h uger than
twenty rears imprisonment and labor in me
Penitentiary. I also recommend such altera
tion in the law as will compel persons accused
of criminal offences to come to trial at the ear
liest period, when a fair and impartial inves
tigation etui be hud. As the law now stands,
and is construed by our Courts the worst
cases are often worn out by continuances,
from term to term, till some of the witnesses
die. or remove from the State and others are
almost impoverished by long attendance r.jx'n
the Court. After years of delay should it
happen, as it frequently does, that the witnes
ses are out of the way. and the community
have become careless about the case, the ac-
cusod is then ready lor trial. In this way
many of the most bloodthirsty and aliandoned
criminals in the State are permitted to es-
cajK*. often with very light, and sometimes
with no pnnisnmcnt at all. If the defendant
and his c* >unsel will exercise ordinary diligence
in the preparation oi the case. I am satisfied,
from years of experience at the bar. and
upon the K-ncli. that no reason exists why a
trial should be delayed in any case, longer
than the second term alter the finding < >f the
bill of indictment, unless it be for very special
Providential cause.
The constitution of Georgia provides that all
criminal cases "shall lx tried in th<* miinty
where the crime w;ts committed." 8iuce the
State has been cut iut*> small counties it may
often happen in the most atrocious cases of
murder, that a public investigation may be
had, in fore the committing magistrate, or on
h tii-st trial before the Superior Court, which
from some cause may not Ik* final, in which
on account ofthe c-xcitemeut iu the commu
nity. the evidence may le detailed in the
hearing of nearly all the citizens of tbe coun
ty, subject to do jury duty, and at a subse
quent term of tbe court, it may lie therefore
impossible to get a jury in the county,
competent to try the case, and the criminal on
that account may escape conviction and pun
ishment.
In view of the happening of such a contin
gency. I would most respectfully suggest an
alteration of the constitution, so as to author
ize the presiding Judge, iu such eases when
in his opinion the ends of justice require it. to
change the venue and order that the case be
transfered to. and tried in. any .adjoining
county which he may designate; the county
where the crime was committed to bear tlie
expense ofthe trial, should it fall upon the
county.
Tax Laws.
I beg leave to invite your attention to the
suggestions contained in the able report of the
Comptroller General, pointing out certain de
fects in our present tax laws, and proposing
important amendments: also to valuable and
important statistical information appended to
the Report. By examination of the report it
will be seen that the present tax on l«nk agen
cies of other States, located in this State, is less
than the tax on lwink capital in this State.—
Tltis is a discrimination against our own lianks
which is unjust, and requires further legisla
tion. If any discrimination Ik'tween those
agencies and <>ur own lianks is made, it sbonld
be in favor of the latter. It will also be seen
tident to supply such of the comities as are des- I t . ll:lt sevor * 1 ) ‘ th . e BaUroari Companies in this
titute of them, and
their distraint non.
to defray tin-
siKT.se
q- ; State, whose roads are in successful operation.
SALARIES OF THE Jt IJGIs.
i pay no tax whatever, under the present law.
' Some which pay tax and others which do not.
arc exempt by their charters from ever paving
At your last session an act was passed in- | more than one-half of one per cent tax upon
t incomes. I refused my sanction to
creasing the salaries of the Judges ot tlieSu-i their net
preme and Superior Courts of this State: but i two bills, chartering Railroad Companies, at
by some oversight no appropriation was made vour last session, because the proposed ciiar-
to pay such increase to those who. under the ; tors contained this provision. I do not lie-
constitution were entitled to it, tbeappropria- lieve the State should ever yield her right to
tions having Ikk-ii made for the amounts only j tax. to any extent her necessity may require,
of those salaries as fixed by previous l%ws.— i any and all property within her jurisdictional
One of the Judges ot the Supreme Court who 1 limits. Sliould it ever become necessary, on
was elected at the last session, and two or I account of invasion, or other public .-ilaniity,
prove of the proposition to apply the net earn- i three of tlie Judges of the Superior Court j ereatly to increase the revenue of the State, I
ings of tlie Riwl to the payment til the public j who were elected in January last, hold com- i can see no good reason why millions of prop-
debt and to the education of the children of i missions hearing date since the passage of tiie i perty. belonging to wealthy corporations with-
the State. 1 respectfully recommend that { act, and are, therefore, clearly entitled to the in her borders, should, by imprudent and par-
$150,000 jK'r annum, insteiui of about fifty j increased salary. Six of the Judges of the tial legislation, be exempt from bearing a just
thousand as aliove proposed, lie applied iu re- j SujK*rior Court, most of whom had. each, al- 1 proportion of the public burdens, hr being
duction of the taxis of the people : and that i most a full term to serve, resigned tlieir offices subjected toanomiual tax olny. And if there
the surplus be use*! for such purjioses ot inter- ; s,xm after the adjournment of your last ses- : ever was any reasons for granting such exemp-
nal improvement as will tend niost to the de- j gi(n, and haring been re-appointed by me, tions in the "past, that reason no longer ex-
velopement of the resources of the State. I ! now hold commissions (tearing date since the ists. since the lmilding of Railroads in our
am aware that there are those who object to pussagrvOf tbe act, are, in my opinion, clearly State has ceased to be an experiment, lliere-
r reiluction of taxes, believing it necessary ; entitled to the increased salary ; which has
tender my sincere condolence,) yet it may be
said as in any former year, that the devourer
has lieeti rebuked, and the pestilence which
walketh in darkness has been stayed : while
the Holy Spirit has lieen poured out. in many
parts of our State, in more copious showers
than in former J-ears. causing the Christian’s
heart to leap with joy. and sing for gladness.
I earnestly inv.*ke a continuation of these
rich blessings upon the people of our beloved
State and trust they may never lie undmind-
ful of their ; constant dependence ujion Him
at whose bidding States and Empires are
created and destroyed.
JOSEPH E. BROWN.
anv reduction of taxes, believing it necessary entitled to tlie increased salary ; which has fore, I think such exemptions from taxation
iu "order to attach tbe people to the Govern-, been withheld from them oil account of the should not be extended or encouraged by fo
ment, to raise large sums ol money from them ; appropriation not having becu made. 1 ture legislation. But as the public exigen-
‘ “ to be appropriated in some way I therefore recommend that an appropriation cies donot require high taxation at present,
tuty recommendation which 1 could add would
be of any service. At your la t session, the
usual appropriation for Military purposes was
withheld: and after this decision by the Leg
islature, I did not feel it my duty to order a
rigid enforcement of the Military laws. The
time may come, however, when we will have
cause to deplore our present inactivity and
lack of discipline and military spirit.
The Boundary Line between Georgia and
Florida.
The resolutions passed at your last session,
in reference to the boundary question between
the State of Georgia and the State of Florida,
were communicated by me to the Governor
of that State, soon after your adjournment.—
I recieved from His Excellency, assurances of
his desire for an early and amicable adjustment
of the difficulty, with a promise to lay the res
olutions before the Legislature of that State
at its next session.
Index to the Record or Plats.
The index to the records of plats of land
granted under the law of head rights, had
been kept up in the Surveyor General's office,
from 1787 to 182t», in a very large volume,
which is now in a very mutilated condition.
There is no Index of plats issued since 1820.—
This is not the fault of the present laborious
and f-ithful officer, who has charge of that de-
partment. as his predecessors for nearly 30
years hail failed to keep up the Index. ’ Be
lieving it a matter of importance that the large
number of books, contaiuiug these very im
portant records, lie indexed to the present
time, I employed Maj. H. J. G. Williams, an
excellent clerk, ot great exactness in compar- *
ing the records, and of laborious research, to
copy the mutilated Index Book, supplying it.
wherever lost, from the original records, and
to extend it from 1828 to the present time.
When completed, the whole will make two
common size volumes. I presume there can
be no difference of opinion as to the propriety
ot preserving the public records in good condi
tion. I recommend the passage of an act, au
tliorizing the Governor to draw his warrant
upon tlie Treasury, for a sum sufficient to pay
for the work when completed ; and that three
suitable persons be appointed to examine the
work, and report its value to the Executive.
The Agricultural Interests.
While the State has made large appropria
tions, from time to time, for clearing out riv
ers, constructing Railroads, and for the en
couragement of commerce and other pursuits,
it is much to be regretted that so little has
been done to encourage her great agricultural
interests—upon which almost every other class
is dependent for assistance and support. No
other occupation is more useful than agricul
ture. No class is more honorable than our
farmers, who, as a class, are honest and pa
triotic. They bear, without a murmur, their
full share ofthe burdens of the Government.
Why. then, should they longer be denied their
shaie of its benefits .' 1 shall cordially co-op
erate with the General Assembly in any and
all legislation which will promote this great
and vital interest.
In this connection we should not forget the
necessity which exists for the development
of our great mineral resources. I trust the
Legislature will authorize the appointment of
a suitable Geologist and Chemist, to make a
geological survey of the State, and a chemical
analysis of the soil, in different sections, so as
to develop the mineral wealth of the State,
and to determine the productions to which
each kind of soil is best suited.
Many of the most intelligent and useful cit
izens of our State, devoted to her great agricul
tural and mechanical pursuits, are taking
much interest in our agricultural fail’s. The
object for these exhibitions, is to bring togeth
er as much as possible of the intelligence of
our State in council, for the purpose of devis
ing the best means for the advancement of ag
riculture, mechanics, .Sc. By awarding pre
miums. a generous rivalry is encouraged,
which often causes valuable' improvements,
and leads to very useful discoveries. The la
dies contribute much to the interest of these
occasions, by their presence, and the exhibi
tion of magnificent specimens of their handi
work. The fine arts arc encouraged here.—
At these exhibitions, planters and mechanics
from different sections of the State, are bro't
together, and valuable improvements made in
one section become known to all.
The Fair Grounds at Atlanta, where the
meetings for the whole State are held, are in
bad condition. I am informed that several
of the States have made liberal appropriations
to encourage these exhibitions. 1 think it
good policy. I therefore recommend an ap
propriation sufficient to put the State Fair
Grounds in good order, and to erect the nec
essary buildings ; :utd that a small annual ap
propriation Ik* made to keep up the exhibi
tions. in case the incomes of the society be in
sufficient. I think the farmers and mechan
ics have a right to demand, at least, these
small sums.
Report of Senate Committee on W. & A. R. R
Tlie committee appointed by the Senate at
your last Session, to investigate the affairs of
the Western & Atlantic Railroad, have made
their report to me. as directed by the resolution
of the Senate, with request that I have it pub
lished in pamphlet form. In compliance with
their request I have had 5.000 copies printed
for distribution. Any number of printed
copies which may be desired by the General
Assembly, or by the members for distribution
among their constituents, will be furnished on
application at the Executive office.
I cordially concur with the committee, in
their recommendation, to place the defaulting
agents upon the road on the same footing
with tax collectors, so far as to authorize the
the Gomp’r General to issue executions against
each and even- defaulter, and his securities,
who does not within a reasonable time after de
mand pay iuto the Treasury of the Road the
sum due by him,—with authority to collect
20 per cent on the principal, from the time of
the demand and refusal till paid. Legislation
making the books of the Road legal on the
trial of cases in Court against defaulting
agents has long been needed.
The Committee were in session 50 days.—
Their fcisk was a very laborious and responsi
ble one. They have received no compensation
for their services. I advanced from the contin
gent fund an amount only sufficient to pay
actual expenses. It is proper that an appro
priation be made sufficient to compensate them
liberally for the services rendered.
The Financial Condition of the State.
For a statement of the condition of the
Treasury. I refer you to the report of Col. John
B Tripjie the vigilant and trustworthy officer
who presides over that department. As Geor
gians we have much reason to l«e proud of the
financial condition of our State, and of her
high character abroad. Probably the bonds of
no other State iu the Union are more current,
or command a higher price iu the market.—
Her people entertain a sense of honor that
will never permit a stain to res£ upon her
proud escutcheon ; and they will see to it that
her high character is maintained. In con
sideration of her ability to pay, it may justly
be said, that her public debt is little more
than nominal. Without reference to any
other of her great resources, the Western &
Atlantic Railroad will in my opinion, com
mand from eight to ten millions of
dollars in the market by the time the last
installment of the public debt is due. The
whole debt does not amount to half that sum,
and may in a few years, lie extinguished from
the incomes of the Road alone.
The State with from one to two millions of
inhabitants, a large territory, a salubrious cli
mate, immense mineral wealth, vast agricul
tural resources, and extensive system of inter
nal improvements, may then be out of debt,
and in possession of ten millions of dollars
worth of State property. And by the exercise
of a little prudence and forecast in her legisla
tion, she may also have a common school fund
as large, and a standard of education as high
as any state iu the Union.
This is no faucy sketch. It is a conclusion
drawn from facts. Bnt I must turn from these
proud anticipations of the future greatness of
our State, with the expression of the ardent
hope, that they may be much more than real
ized.
In dosing this communication, I desire to
join with the General Assembly in returning
Cl)f Jittelliprrr.
THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 11, 1858.
Federal rnlon and Soutlitm Recorder.
We acknowledge tbe receipt, of the first
number of "The Daily Federal Union” and
"The Tri-Weekly Southern Recorder.” In
form and substance they are both highly
creditable to those veterans of the Georgia
Press, and we consider them quite valuable
accessions to the facilities for disseminating
information from the Capitol duriug the ses
sion of the Legislature. We wish them great
success.
Remarkable Specimens ot Corn.
Mr. Daniel R. Turner, of Cobb County, has
left at our office two ears of com. which are
curiosities of themselves. One is a single ear
seventeen inches long, the other is a bunch ot
ears, six in number, all attached. Mr. Turn
er has a good farm, which yields remarkable
productions, as we have on several occasions
seen evidences of.
“Anti-Slavery Aggr* salons.”
Well, we were what was called a few years
ago a ‘Fire-Eater.’ We ate the coals when they
were tolerably red. But the Tomahawk was
buried, not long since, and we must not dig it
up for causes beyond its burial. We foolishly
yielded, but it does notnow become us, to
review and curse those, who had driven a
shrewd bargain, and cheated us in its consum
mation. Doubtless, we have receded : when
united, tie might, nay. \ . uld have main
tained our position, bnt now, let us see where
are our feet, ami fix tln**.i firmly and resolve to
eland and after having <:• ;• all stand, each
man in his own pin* e and all, around the
camp of the enemy, with our pitchers in one
hand and our trumpets in the other and when
the signal time m rives, let every pitcher Ik-
broken, and every man stand Jinn and all will
be well, 'lhe South has demoralized licrseh
by too frequent compromises. The time for
compromising the slavery question has passed.
The great body of our |K*ople see it and we be
lieve to-day, that the slavery sentiment it
stronger in the hearts ot our jieople. than is
was twenty Years ago. V.
No doubt that the efforts of Mr. Peters have contributed
very much to this result so far as concerns stock. livery
thing Is being done which can enhance the comfort and
interest of exhibitors and v sitors. The grounds are ad
mirably arranged, the buildings large and roomy, tbe
trotting course level and well gravelled, the stalls com
fortably planned, and the ampitbeater sufficient to ac
commodate a vast concourse.
It affords ine much pleasure to see Georgia so well rep
resented. There are stoves from Augusta, furniture
from Columbus, “Truck for Trousers,” from tbe same
place, grain from Greenville, a shingle making machine
which is attracting a great deal of attention, from Au
gusta. and various other articles, ali of which meet a
cordial reception. 1 am glad to learn, also, that a great
many articles manuiuctured al the North, and entered
for premiums, have not been allowed to compete with
home made productions. This is right. Encourage our
own mechanics,and artisans. I have seen some very
deserving meritorious inventions and discoveries, a large
number of which will obtain prizes. Among these I
may mention, an ingenious machine fur sliarpening gin
saws, without removing the saw from the stock, by Mr
Elliot, of Prattville, a new styje ofeoppsrand iron light
ning rods by Mr. Bacon of New Orleans, a new and pow
crful chemical disinfectant by Prof. Darby of Auburn,
Ala, and from what 1 have heard of the report of an in-
t ‘lligeht scientific committee. it is much superior to any
now in use. It gets a premium as it should.
The Tournaments have been very interesting, and
have attracted large numbers. You will see how the
Prizes were taken by the paj*ers. Tlie riding was beau
tifui, and I would be glad to see this feature introduced
:nto all our state Fairs. It cultivates a taste for horse
back riding, which of it self is a great point.
Tlie crowds have been very great and <*ouej»ntly in-
creaseing. The hotels are overflowing. Tin* Exchange
at which I aui stopping, is an excellent House, well ar
ranged, and the guest wii! flue Messrs, Tanier A Pratt
whole-sonled men.
With much respect I am
Yours Truly
LOUNGER
The Commercial Position and Relations
of Atlanta.
Messrs. Editors.—Every one I suppose of
common sense will admit that the Railroad
and Loeoniative are in this aqe of tlie world
the main means and in many instances the on
ly means by which prosperous towns and com
munities are built up. aud by which old towns
and communities are protected from decay.
It will be admitted too. that by these means
towns and the surrounding communities have
experienced a more rapid and prosperous
growth than from any. and all other causes
combined. Blit I suppose it is not so well un
derstood that any city or community in order
to receive its full share of benefits from these
modern means of prosperity, must have some
hand and some voice in tlieir management or
control. It is for this reason I lieg leave to
call attention to the commercial position and
relations of Atlanta, as connected with Rail
roads and their management.
Nothing can be more imjioriaiit to any com
munity. that makes pretensions to position
and prosperity, or that has an ambition in that
direction, than to make diligent enquiry and
investigation into all the causes of tlie growth
and prosperity of other communities, and more
especially the causes which affects aud is to
affect itself. Let us see then how Atlanta
tends in her position and relations a» couipar-
d with her neighbors ? And in doing this, let
it not be forgotten or denied, that the prosper
ity of Atlanta stands inseparably identified
with the prosperity of Northern Georgia gene
rally. The Railroad and Locomotive, I repeat,
are in this age the main means by which towns
and communities are built up and sustained.
How then does Atlanta stand in relation to
these means as compared with her neighliors ?
Let us commence with Charleston, and trace
out the power that these modern means affords
those communities which control them. Char
leston controlls the three Railroads that ter
minate iu that city, namely, the Carleston &
Hamburg, the North-Eastern and the Charles
ton & Savannah Railroads, the latter of which
is now in process of construction.
Savannah controlls the Central, the South-
Western. the Atlantic & Gulf Railroads, inclu
ding the Main Trunk Road which is in process
Of construction, and she intends to control as
many more as possible.
Augusta controlls the Geoigia. the Atlanta
& Lagrange, the Augusta & Waynesboro, and
aims also to control as many more as jiossi-
ble.
Macon controlls the Macon & Western Rail
road. aud has some voice in the control of tlie
South-Western and Muscogee Roads.
Columbus controlls three Roads, the Musco
gee. the Opelika and the Mobile & Girard Rail
roads.
Montgomery controlls the Montgomery &
West Point, the Montgomery & Pensacola, the
latter in process of construction, and will con
trol some two or three other Railroads aliout
to be built to terminate in that city.
Nashville controlls the Nashville & Chatta
nooga. the Nashville & Louisville, and will
have a controlling voice in some two or three
other important Railroads, now in process of
construction to terminate in that city.
Knoxville controlls the Georgia & East Ten
nessee with the Cleveland & Chattanooga
Branch, the East Tennessee & Virginia, and
will have a controlling voice in two other im
portant Roads, namely, the Rabun Gap and
the Knoxville & Lexington Railroads, to ter
minate in that city.
Does any one ask what hand, what voice the
city of Atlanta has in the control of any or all
the great lines of Railroad which terminate in
her midst ? the answer is. she has no hand,
no voice in the control or management of a
single mile, or a single loot of Railroad iu the
country. Atlanta is located in the very midst
of these rival and enterprizing cities wielding
these modern means and unrivaled weapons of
power and prosperity for their own benefit in
every possible way. Atlanta has as yet no
weapon of her own of this kind for her own
protection and defence. All Northern Geor
gia has none in the sense in which we are
speaking.
Does any one wish to know, and 6urely eve
ry one should wish to know what is meant,
what can, and what may be done by the con
trol or having a voice in the control of these
Railroads? These questions can tie answered,
and I will try to answer them in part at least,
in another article.
A CITIZEN.
frC’ The following is a list of the new mein=
bers of the Legislature elected to fill the va
cancies, and to represent the counties formed
at- the last session :
SENATORS.
Hon. Seaborn Hixon, of Schley.
Hon. Littlebury Holcomb, of Cherokee.
Hon. Cornelius M. Bozeman, of Pulaski.
’ Hon. Jeremiah Wilcher. of Glascock.
Hon. John Q. Adams, of Rabun.
Hon. Andrew Cumbie. of Mitchell.
Hon. E. P. Williams of White.
Hon. Norman, McDuffie, of Wilcox.
Hon. Harrison W- Riley, of Lumpkin.
Hon. Lawson Fields, of Milton.
Hon. JohnB. Graham, of Dawson.
Hon. John Donaldson, of Fierce.
REPRESENTATI YES.
Baker- Alfred H. Colquitt.
Calhoun—George W. Colley.
Dawson- James D. Heard
Glascock- -Calvin Logue.
Glynn—John L. Harris.
Habersham Robert Webb.
Irwin—John B. Pomtiny.
M ilton—Robert Webb.
Mitchell—Augustus S. Jones.
Pierce—James Sweat.
Randolph Seaborn A. Smith
Schley Charles Edwards.
Ware—William Brantley.
Warren—Aaron Jackson.
White—James West. Jr.
Wilcox.— Mitchell J. Faulkner.
Courtesy lo tlie Press.
We think the complaint urged by tbe At
lanta Intelligence r against the Secretary of the
Atlanta Fair, a vert' just one. It was due to
thf Atlanta press that a copy of the list of premi
ums. at the late Fair, should have been
promptly given to the publishers in that city
—ami it was due to the press of the State, who look
ed alone to the Atlanta papers for the first
publication of the list of premiums.
We copied the premium list from the Atlan
ta American, and presumed that it was all right,
but it there has been any bungling manage
ment in the copy furnished for publication, we
are not responsible for it: and feel no inclina
tion now to critically examine tlie fist and sup
ply any deficiency or correct any inaccuracies
which may have occurred.—Constitutionalist.
A Cemetery wiiliout a Moiiami-iit.
The noblest of cemeteries is the ocean. Its
poetry and human language, ever will l>e un
written. Its elements of sublimity are sub
jects of feeling, not description, its records,
like the reflection mirrored on its waveless
bosom, cannot be transferred to ’taper. Its
vastness, its eternal heaving?, its majestic mu
sic. in a storm and in its perils, are tilings
which I had endeavored a thousand times to
conceive, but until I was on its mighty bosom,
looking out upon its moving mountain waves,
feeling that eternity was distant from nte the
thickness of a single plank. I had tried in vain
to feel and know the glories and grandeur of
the sea. I there first felt what John <>f Pat
inos meant when he said of heaven. “There
shall be no more sea.” But there is one ele
ment of moral sublimity which impressed my
mind, and which I should be pleased if I eould
transfer, in all its vividness, to the mind of
the reader. The sea is the largest of cemetries.
and all its slumlierers sleep without a monu
ment.
All other graveyards, in all lands, show
some symbols of distinction between the great
and the small, the rich and the poor : but in
that ocean cemetery tbe king and the clown,
the prince. thei»ea>ant, arealike undistinguish
ed, the same wave rolls over all. the same re
quiem. the minstrelsy of the ocean, is sung to
their honor. Over their remains the same
storm beats and the same sun shines: and
there, unmarked, tlie weak and the powerful,
the plumed and the unhonored. will sleep on
until awakened by the same trump, the sea
will give up its dead. I thought of sailing
over the slumbering but devoted (‘ookruan,
who after his brief but brilliant career, perish
ed in the President—over the laughter-loving
Power: who went down in the same ill-fated
vessel we have passed.
In that cemetery sleej»s tlie accomplished
and pious Fislic-r : but where he and thousands
of others of the noble spirits of earth lie. no
olte but God knowetb. No marble rises to
point out where the lover of the good and wise
can tro and shed their tears of sympathy. Who
cult tell where lies the tens of thousands of Af
rica’s scats who perished in the middle pas
sage ?" Yet that cemetery had ornaments of
which n<> other are the heavenly orbs rejected
in such splendor. Over no other are so many
inimitable traces of the power of Jehovah.
Never can I forget my days and nights as I
passed over the noblest of cemeteries without
a single human monument.—tides.
Mrs. M. F. Pope. Atlauta, Ga. best Silk
Braid Talma—Plate,
Mrs. G. T. Dortic, Augusta, Ga. best Em
broidered Meriuo Robe—cup,
Mrs. James T. N is bet. Augusta, Ga.—
best Embroidered Infant’s Shawl;—Plate,
KNITTING, &c.
Mrs. M. B. Willard, Decatur, Ga. best Knit
Coanterpane ;—Plate,
J- Cajuk, Secret*.
3
BY JAMES BUCHANAN,
President of the United State* of
A Proclamation.
Whereas information has reached me
sources which I cannot disregard. ^^
-mnterpane ;-riate, persons, in violation ofthe neutnditv . ^
.SMS*?- SET 1 -
to set on foot a military expedition Vi*^^
. territory against Nicaragua, a forek^i". 05 '
nrtfli nr Vi i/<V> air n vc. n ♦ ^ ~tl
Cotton Fringe ;—Plate,
Mrs. V A. Mann. Forsyth, co. Ga. l<est
Moss Basket—Plate,
Miss. M. M. Warwick, Atlanta, Ga. best
Fancy Shell Box—Plate,
Miss. Sophia Henry. Atlanta. Ga. best
Silk Net Tidy—Plate,
MrsS. E. Mills. Atlanta, Ga. best Twelve
Pair Half Hose ;
Mrs. S. E. Mills, Atlanta, Ga. best Four
Pair ladies. Hose—Plate,
FANCY WORK, KNITTING IN
THREAD. &c.
Mrs. Carrie Williams. Atlanta, Ga. te-st | their holders, unless the present "ov’emm
Crewel Coverlet-Plate, $ 5 j of ^ 1 ," in ° ,la J ha11 ** overthrown by
I with which thev are at peace. In ^nf^'
5 raise money for equiping and maintaimw' 0
j expedition, persons connected therewith ***
.. have reason to believe, have issued and
bonds and other contracts, pledging tb ^
j j lie lands of Nicaragua, and* the°transit
their re-
through its territory, as a security for *- r0Dte *
j j demptii n and fulfilment.
! The hostile design of this expedition
dered manifest by the tact, that these
«ren.
and contracts can be of no possible val Ue "■ t^r
10
10
10
Miss. Julia F. Clayton, Kingston. Ga.—
best Crochet Shawl - Plate,
Mrs. G. W. 11. Murrell. Covington, Ga.
best Piano Cover. Worsted—Plate,
PATCH WORK IN COTTON.
Mrs. E. H. Gilbert, Hancock, co. Ga. U-«*t
Wove Counterpane ; Plate, $5
Mrs. A. A. Harmon. Forsyth co. Ga.—
best Patch-Quilt : Plate, 5
Mrs. Virginia Cope, Macon, Ga. best
Patch-Work Quilt in Silk : Plate, 5
AMERICAN NEEDLE-WORK.
Mrs. Linus White. Atlanta. Ga. best Child’s
Dress; Plate, 42
Mrs. Linus White, Atlanta, Ga. best
Hankerchief and Colar ; Plate, 3
WORKS OF THE SHOP AND FACTORY.
D. M. Young, Atlanta, Ga. best Double
Cotton Mattress ; cup, $ 5
Mrs. J. L. Evans. Fulton co. Ga. best
Piece Domestic Cassimere ; Plate,
New Manchester Factory, Campbell co.
Ga. best Bale of Cotton Yarns ; cup,
Mrs. Sarah A. Leigh, Rome, Ga. best
Pair Woolen Plain ; Plate, 5
G. M‘ McGuire. Forsyth co. Ga. best bar
rel Flour. White Wheat ; cup, 5
D. M. Young, Atlanta. Ga. best Shuck
and Cotton Mattress ; cup. 5
FARMING IMPLEMENTS.
Grey Utley, Orange co. N. C., liest One
Horse Mould-Board Plow ; cup. $ 5
E. H. Bloodworth, Griffin, Ga. liest Two
Horse Mould-Board Plow ; cup, 5
M. M. Hall. Milledgeville, Ga. best iron
Mould-Board Plow ; cup, 5
Grey Utley. Oronge co. N. C.. best Sub
soil Plow : cup, 5
Joseph Banks, Deadville, Ala. best Cot
ton Scraper Plow ; cup, 5
E. H. Rloodwortli. Griffin, Ga. best sweep
Plow ; cup, 5
D. N. Lewis, Cartersville. Ga. best Two
Horse Wagon ; cup, a
Joseph Winship & Co., Atlanta. Ga. best
Thresher ; cup.
A. Eobbin, Cartersville, Ga. best Fan :
cup.
J. Winship & Co., Atlanta. Ga. best cot
ton Gin : Pitcher,
T. C. Nisbot. Macon, Ga. liest Cotton
Press,
Joseph Banks, Dadeville, Ala., best aud
largest lot of Agricultural Implements :
cup.
M. M. Hall. Milledgeville, Ga. best sei*d
Planter ; cup. 5
S. A. A A. 8. Hough. Oxford, Ga. best
Patent Wagon Brake ; cup, 5
T. H. Wilson X Bro.. Athens. Ga. best
Horse Power ; cup, 5
Bickford x Huffman. New York, best
Seed Sower ; Special Premium ; Cup, 5
WOOD AND IRON.
J. Winship x Co., Atlanta, liest Pannel
Doors, cup. $ 5
J. Winship x Co., best Window Sash—
cup. 5
J. Winship X Co., best Window Blinds—
cup, 5
W. C. Henderson, Greenesboro’, Geor
gia, best Buggy—cup,
Mike Haller. Marietta, Georgia, best-
Cask for Wine—cup,
Theophilus Harris. Atlanta, liest Rifie-
Gun—cup,
Besides, the envoy extraordinary"^ $3
ter plenipotentiary of that govemm t . nt
United States, has issued a notice in , ^
- 1 U pursy.
ance of his instructions, dated on theV^^
stent, forbiding the citizens or subjects 1 ,r
or subjects of
oiidintf fo „ rc J
nation.except passengers inti .
throw h Nicaragua over the Transient^
front ocean to ocean. 1.1 enter it.-, territory »
out a regular passport, signed bvtbe ’ '
minister or oonsul-general r.t tk„
r boy
resident in the country* from wheSjJjjJ:
have departed. Mich persons, with this
ception, "will be stopped, and eompdfoi', 1 ' k> " “
return by the same conveyance that t • ^ ier *
them to the country.” From these diem
stances, the inference is irresistible that i,i r
s.Disengaged in this expedition will 1«, ,■„*!?' .
United States with hostile purposes aesi!/
Nicaragua. Thev cannot ■*
under the ^
for, *1
* peaofo n* “*
emigrants, conceal their real intentions J forth •
especially when they know, in advanr* ,i .
their landing will be resisted, and raL * eriou
be accomplished by an overpowering f,, rtv f Sout
This expedient was successfully resorted u
previous to the last expedition, and the v*.
in which those composing it were cunvtrt
to Nicaragua, obtained a clearance from"*! ***“*»
collector of the port of Mobile. Althoori «•—’* rl
after a careful examination, no arms or mill save i
tions of war were discovered on hoard \,t
10
20
10
when they arrived in Nicaragua, thev » , urim
found to be armed and equipped and im m J:;" tliMP?
atcly commenced hostilities. o lend
The leaders of former illegal expeditions,' L aka
the same character have openly ^
their intention to renew hostility ; ^
Nicaragua. One of them, who has alrtjd, *388
been twice expelled from Nicaragua. electio
vited, through the public newspapers, Aec
kan citizens to emigrate to that republic. ^ ghouW
has designated Mobile as the place of rendu-
vous and departure, and Jan Juan del Non,
as the port to which they are bound. V. ae ^‘
person, who has renounced Lis allegian rt i' j F a
the United States, and claims to le Prcsider * j*
of Nicaragua, has given notice to the collr
tor of the port of Mobile that two or ti.' v d, no 0
hundred of these emigrants will u_- pp-pany th and
to embark from that port about the middLi )U nd ai
November.
For these and other good reason*.. si.,| , en 8CVe
the purpose of saving American citirtusvb h» Den
may have been honestly deluded into the :*■ riling d
lief that they are about to pr< iceed to .Vicars he Irisl
gua tis peaceful emigrants, if any such tier- . t]
be, from the disastrous consequences to why 1 **** 1
they will 1** exposed. I. James Ruchau. distract
President of the l nited states, have thoezi: e of w*li
it fit to issue this my proclamation enjok'l Donoc
upon all officers of the government, civil j
spheres, tok-
ch will
*1 to it
10
We. tlie Judges of the Fruit and Horticul
tural Department, have made the following
awards :
Peters Harden & Co., Atlanta, largest and
liest variety ci Table Apples. 5
R. Johnson, l est last Keeping Apple, 5
W. N. White, largest and best variety of
Pears. 5
Peters. Harden & Co., best collectioi.
Peaches, 5
Peters. Harden, & Co., largest andbestcol
lection of Apple Trees, 2
Peters. Harden, & Co., largest and liest
collection of budded and grafted Pear Trees, 5
Peters. Harden. & Co., largest and best
collection of Ozier or Basket Willow. 2
Good lot of late Peaches, exhibited hy
Henry Camp. 'The Judges think them wor
thy cf notice.
One very fine lot of assorted Apples, hy J.
Bowman.
Good lot oi Aples, exhibited by Mr. Fen
tress, of Greensboro’ N C—worthy of notice.
One lot iff Beets, by E Hatchet—very
good. Also, Lot of Almonds, by Peters, Har
den & Co.
Lot of Vegetables, by Mrs. J W Shepard;
and one bushel of Onions, by J C Ayeoek—
ali worthy of notice.
military, in their respective
vigilant, active, and faithful m suppress;
these illegal enterprises, and iu carryiujoc: any* 1
their standing instructions t<* that the b
hurting all good citizens, by their resp-r*.: fo
the laws aud their regard for the ptft.e ik r ® IBn o
welfare of tlie country, t*> aid thr t-ff 'rts i*: ti.-
public authorities in the discharge •■:'their<k mph of
ties.
In testimony whereof. I have hereunto* « was o
my hand and caused the-
States t< > le affixed to the*
Done at the city of Wash
[l. s.j eth day of October.
hundred and fifty-*.. .. m . 'u
dependence of th nite>: t
eightv-third.
JAMES BUCHAN A V
By the President :
I.bwis C’ass. Secretary of State.
ts defea
eor par
ns to ol
breaks <
momeffi
ire are s
n the D
vivifiet
his ever
it has i
Mr. Clay to the Boy*.
The West ern Farmers' Almanac for 1S59 con
tains a lettea from the satre of Ashland to one
of his namesakes, which has never before been
published. an*l is so characteristic of that great
man, that we take great pleasure in transfer-
ing it to ou r columns :
Ashland. July 7th, 1854.
riXE ARTS.
G W Latham, Atlanta. Geological Chart—
cup. 5
Tucker X Perkins, Augusta, Photographic
Portraits—cup, 5
JohnMaier, Atlanta. Fruit Painting in Oil
-cup. 5
Mrs. Brumulier. Atlanta - Hair Work. Xe.
Plate, 5
Mrs. R B Clayton, Macon, Oil Painting—
Plate, 5
Miss E Baily, Alaliama, Case of Wax Fruit
—Plate. 5
Mrs. R T Asbury, Griffin, Leather Work
and Ornamental Painting—Plate, 5
Miss Jo Latimer, Cass county, Painting on
Glass—Plate. 5
C 8 Oliver. Athens. Sculpture in Wood—
cup, ’ 10
MAVerAOTURZS OF LEATHER.
My ltear Little Amnesake: Your parents
have dime you the honor to trive my name to
you. On that account, and at the request of
your good mother. I address this note which
she wishes to preserve for your perusal, when,
by the laps* ■ t time, you shall have attained
D M MeClesty. Athens. Georgia, liest Do
zen Pair of Brogans—cup. $ 5
Multbie. ClevelandX Co., Lawrenceville.
Georgia, hugest and liest collection of Leath
er—assorted—cup, 10
Multbie, Cleveland & Co., liest half-dozen
Calf Skins -cup, 5
STONE AND M.VRBl.E
s B Oatman. Atlanta. Georgia, best Mar
ble Monument—cup. * $ 10
MACHINERY.
E G Camp, Nashville. Tenn. best Porta
ble Steam Engine, at work on Fair Ground—
cup.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Jifft-noniana.
All doubt and dispute as to the autboishf vanqui
of the Declaration of Independc*.e area; deupli
end. It was written by Jefferson. He ''-"mid now
in a letter written in 1819. that it wassigu: (
by every member present on the 4th of Jus’ . -**
except Mr. Dickinson. New-Y'oik. ti;a e some n
sign till the 15th ; Pennsylvania, still Lcel secures
and Kew-Hampshire, by Mr. ThronU-n. that t
till the 4th of November. mtalon
‘‘The Congressional Journal.” says Mr k
" dall speakes of but one signing. And - With th<
" iiit'oT.aed that the paper copy which h? - iredfron
" tersoni so repeatedly and particularly a .
" tions as signet! <>n the 4th, is not no* *» we **
" existence.” In Ills cotemporaneousu'^val witl
Mr. Jefferson, according to Randall, say- igt so loi
•• "The Declaration thus signed on the t
*• on paper, was engrossed on parchment > .
" signed again on the 2d of August.
says Mr. Randall, “we think we ha\e be: .8 work ol
" formed that the engrossed copy of the l*ough dc
“ laratiou was not on parchment. Then Q f j
“ Jefferson was mistaken in that imp "-, . , ..
"particular.” Mr. Randal! asks ."y lcnitw
“ became of the signed copy ? It was. -1* 8 mome
*• probability, purposely destroyed when est and til
“ second copy was made complete. - ' liich has
Ben. Randolph, the cabinet maker * res tg G f t
adelphia, in whose house Jefferson first leg ,,
made the desk on which the Declaration * ®
written. That desk is now in possesion v'f tiie Soi
gentleman in this city, who married a,whose exj
daughter of Mr. Jefferson. The Dedal* hoeebeii
was written iu the house of a Mr. Grac'
bricklayer, on the south side of Market sts*'
between 7th and Sth streets, of w' ’. 1
ferson hired a jar lor and be«i-ro< v
Mr. Jefferson in a letter to th ,
Mease. Septeml*er 26. 1825.
Transcript.
Drowned.
A young man. named Scalei
8. C., about 18 years of.age,
front a boat in the river, near
Carolina Bridge, on Saturday 1
tely drowned. His body hast
ed yet.—Augusta Dispatch.
G W Stoeckel. Rome. Georgia, best Geor
gia Raised Manufactured Tobacco—cup. $ 5
Menard & Burghard. Macon. Georgia,
liest Gold Watch, made in Macon Georgia—
an age that will enable you to comprehend and ! ^P* .
appriciate its friendly purport. . 3C Hodgms & Son Macou. Georgia, lar-
Your parents entertain fond hopes of «i» I rie s Pocket Knife recommended to iavo-
able notice.
J P Mason A Co., Atlanta, Georgia, liest
Bound Ledger— Piate. $ 5
A S Edmonson, Marietta. Georgia, best
Printing and Wrapping Paper -cup 6
F A & J 8 Williams, Atlanta, best IX of,
Atlanta made Furniture—cup, 10
M A Crews. Abbeville. S C, lies* ri»ud
and you ought to strive not to disappoint them.
They wish you to be good, respected, eminent.
Yon can realize t» eir most sanguine hopes, if
you firmly resolve to do so. bv judicious em
ployment of your time and your faculties.—
Shun bad company and all disipation, its in
evitable consequence. Study diligently and
perseveringly. You will be surprised at the
case with which yon will master branches ot' j Loom—cup.
knowledge, which, on first view, will fright- I s M King Augusta. GeotgiRdhiugle Ala.
en you. Make honor, probity, truth andprin- j chine—recommended to fav cable notice, as a
triple your invariable guide. Be obedient, and meritorious machine, and ^ draw and joint
alwavseflectionately respectful toyour parents. 1.000 shingles per hour
Assiduously cultivate virtue and religion. T C Nisbet. Macou **°*E». *Sugar Mill rec.
the surest guaranty of happiness, both here ommended to favorr^-' notice,
and hereafter. In your intercourse with your ; Augusta Stove jtt'ks Georgia best lot of
fellow beings be firm, but at the same time stoves of differeu^rd*- cup, $10
bland, and courteous, and obliging. Recog- j e HartsfieU'“ enr >' county. Georgia,
nise at all times the paramount right of your best sundry lot* ver >' ingenious Tools. Ala-
country to your most devoted services, wheth- ; chinerr, ic.-^P.’ 6
er she treats you ill or well, and never let sel- j \y President. xc, Atlanta Georgia
fish views or interests predominate over the } heautilnl/^P for ‘f* re Engine—recouunen-
duties of patriotism * to n«" cu ^ r notice.
By regulating yourself according to these Atlayf^lMdre and Wheel Co., Atlanta,
rules, you may becora respected and great, bo best ^cun en of Spoke*, Hulls and Wheels
an ornament to your country, and a blestng ' CU p..-' 16
to your parents. That such may lie your des- j tedoony . Macon. Georgia, best Lodi for
tiny is the sincere wish of their and your e, *>n bailing—Plate. g
friend, H. Clay. { E Q Ashcroft, Newuan, Georgia Washing
AIasth Bant Clay—. —Plato, j
Sanctity or the Bench.—
Pennsylvania, iu resigning
bench a short time ago, took
press the following sentimen;
I was and I am through
reading and reflection, that i
can lie elected by reason of
any question of politics, t
real power of the judicial otS
|SU Lightening rods tel
the clouds—enlightening rr
bad bo vs.
ON
i. ii*—
u*», f'
A PROCLAM
(iKOKUIA
By JOSEPH K BROWN.Horereor
*11 T HEREA>. ii Lag -Kxi Aim
» T on ns. as a pevi*i<> in turn y.
io ctvvu our labors islh r:rii b!rt
preserve <;* from »or, bunerr wJ
out his holy >'*-■' upon us it o
whereas. tlu-einanifeKut •*»* **t Us
loving kin-oe**. .vlm-minh uaoT tv
which a« a iwjde **f s great
•if ev<T tro.ul in.! [Krleet jrtft. it 1
tumble :iml thankful renJeruu:
mine, “in |*salms atu! hymns an-J ‘
sn.1 making tiwhxlr in *>ur heart- .
thanks always for all ilun^-
1 *lo, Uierefore, sane ths, uiy ft** -
apart Thursday, ihe Doth day of L’s
day of tliaiiKS irivint: and pra\-,-r A :
tnvile the different roncregatioi*s
giotx denominations of every tune « d>i
at their respective places .if wcrslrp •
Ulite in returning thanks amt stnf * g P’’-
<br his wisi<t.-r.iis works tn the e "-
prayer for Hi. protecting care in Mure
that tile Psaluitst bas Saul. -‘Let tl * ?’1
then shall Uie earth yieHl her w - '' • *
•sir God, shall bless us."‘
Given under my baud and the ^
Dp't. al the Capitol in Mille. ye • W ‘‘
November in tbe year of «ar’* "- ■
dred and Sity-etght and *f a. Isdci** 1-
the railed Stale* of Atuecka - j
K S-tH K H8B* j
By the Governor :
8. H. Warns, Uac’f b. Da* >' *-