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THE SOUTHERN WORLD, NOVEMBER 16, 1882,
23
I
I
Here is food for thought on the part of the
earnest man who aspires to be an enterpris
ing and successful farmer, and who would be
any other kind but a successful farmer?
There is in this short address sufficient prac
tical hints to make good farmers of every
man who owns a small or large farm. And
could it begotten into every farmers’ bands,
a few years would show a wonderful increase
in the productions of the South. Intelligent
farming is attractive and almost always
successful and remunerating. To be
successful in any work it is absolutely
necessary to be interested in the work,
because we are then more certain to
give it our close attention. This is so
in all the avocations of life, and is more
appplicable to farming than to any
other. Among our East Tennessee
farmers, intensive farming is being
practiced more extensively than ever
before. Yet we have large room for
improvement still. We will in the near
future become pastoral farmers and
our lands will be given to the grapes and
the raising of cattle, sheep and horses
instead of com and hogs as heretofore.
We cannot near supply the demands
made on us for cattle and sheep. By
this kind of farming we can in a few
years renovate our worn out lands and
make them produce as high as thirty-
live bnshels of wheat per acre, and
lands that will produce this much
wheat will yield one hundred bushels
of corn per acre. These results have
been attained here in a few years on
lands that would not produce more
than one-fourth the yield named. It is
much easier and cheaper to feed stock
on green pastures and nicely cured bay
than on grain which costs so much to
produce it, both in brawn and money,
to say nothing of depleted fields. This
is intensive farming and never fails to
pay. It then appears that “ Intensive
Farming” is practicable everywhere,
to all climes and all varieties of soils.
John M. Meek, Sec. E. T. F. C.
fancy Meadows, Tennessee.
Persian Carpets.
White Cochins.
The White Cochin is the largest of all
fowls. It is the most popular and, to some,
the handsomest of the Cochins. With many
it is “the favorite breed." In plumage they
are the perfection of color, and when seen on
a green lawn cannot be surpassed by any
breed of fowls. The hens have a quiet, sat
isfied, motherly bearing that is pleasant to
BBOWS LKUHORNN.
In Brown Leghorn Fowls, their gay plum
age, lively appearatico, and, in fact every
feature connected with them, is attractive
and pleasing;and in this variety we must
soon recognize the leading class of fowls
whether for fancy or profit. They mature
early; pullets have been known to com
mence laying at three months of age, and
Stack’s six months in Persia : I went
to see a factory reputed to be the larg
est in the city, though employing less
than thirty hands. The wretched weavers
sat in two low rooms, filled with a sour and
sickening atmosphere. Most of them were
pale-faced, weakly children of ten or twelve
years, who hardly looked up when I entered,
but remained bent over their work, picking
up the threads with their nails, which are
kept long and notched for the purpose. The
patterns are written out in pamphlets and
faithfully committed to memory, and the
children are .taught very young—the
younger the better. Their memories are
quicker than those of grown up folks. So
far as I could understand the patterns they
seemed to be written in much the same
style as those directions for knitting or
crochet which one sometimes finds on a
lady’s table—knit two, purl one, thread
over, and knit two together. There was
also a youth employed in reading one of
the patterns aloud. A carpetabout sixteen
feet by ten can be purchased in Karman
for forty to fifty tomas—$80 to $100. Some
carpets will take a year to make, and a
decently good carpet will not be finished
in less than three months; thus, although
there are several hundred factories in and
about Karman, the out-turn of carpets is
in no way alarming.
Autumn Leaves.—It is stated by those
who ought to know that the autumn color
ing of the leaves of the maple, oak and
other trees on the American Continent is
not due to the action of frost, but to cer
tain chemical changes which accompany
the ripening of the leaves. American
maples taken over to Europe will perfect
their foliage for a few years—that is, the
the brilliant coloring will be put on—but
they rapidly lose the habit, and in a few
years the leaves fall from the trees while
still green, according to the habit of the
European species. Mr. T. Meehan, the
well-known Philadelphia horticulturist,
now says that in the New Jersey marshes
there are many trees of European species
which, though failing to color their leaves
at their home, manage to put on the most
brilliant hues here. He also mentions from
bis knowledge that, in some parts of this
country, imported European trees do not
assume the autumn colors, for several gen
erations.
WHITE COCHINS.
see. Both cock and hen are magnificent and
very bulky in shape, having yellow legs and
skin, and sell well in market. Cocks weigh
10 to 12 pounds; hens, 8 to 10 pounds. Al
though they do not lay so many eggs as Ply
mouth Rocks and some other breeds, yet
they are superior layers during winter, when
eggs are always scarce and valuable. They
are extremely hardy, breed remarkably true
continue laying during the rest of the entire
season. They are non-sitters and roup or
any hereditary disease among them are not
common. They are well adapted to the
town, where their color will not show dirt,
as well as the country. They will bear con
finement as well as any other variety. Any
one who keeps and gives them the care fowls
should have will not want for eggs “all the
A Neglected Industry.
Beekeeping is one of the industries which
Americans have neglected because its prof
its are comparatively small and steady. It is
the risky business by which a man can jump
into a great succes or great failure that is
popular. There arc a few large beekeepers
in the country whose honey is found in all
the home markets ami is exported to Eng
land; but tho great supply comes from
those who make the business supple
mental to farming, and it is this class
of small farmers who should give more
attention to the matter than they have
hitherto done.
In old times every garden in town
and country had its hive, which was
usually allowed to stand uncleaned and
unattended to until the bees died of
cold or foul air. Beekeeping requires
little work compared with any other
occupation, but that work must be
thoroughly and faithfully performed
at regular seasons. A lad or active wo
man can take care of one hundred colo
nies, but they will require hard and
constant work through the three sum
mer months, and there must be no
shirking. The profits of a single hive
of healthy Italian bees average from $15
to $20 in tire first year and in the in
crease of another hive. It is not too
sanguine reckoning, therefore, to set
down $1,500 in a very good season as the
clear gain from one thousand colonies,
which for the labor of one or two per
sons for three months of the year is at
least a fair profit on the outlay. The
large bee-keepers usually farm out their
colonies; that is, place about twenty
in each farm which offers the proper
food for them, pay for. the attention
which they require, and at stated times
go about collecting the honey. Tho
supply of fine honey never equals the
demand in the markets of our large
cities, and since the problem was solved
of shipping the combs from this port
and landing them in Liverpool un
broken, the supply required for Europe
is simply unlimited. Our white clover
honey is said to command a higher
price Tn London than the Greek.
Here is one of the many industries
by which farmers’ daughters in this country
could earn a comfortable support and re
main at home.—A’. Y. Tribune.
BROWN LEGHORNS.
to feather, slow in their movements, and
gentle in disposition. They are excellent
mothers and sitters, in fact, are inclined to
broodiness. are not inclined to roam, can be
fenced in as easily as a pig, and bear confine
ment to perfection. For the farm or village,
or any one who desires large and beautiful
fowls, they are just the thing. They are ex
cellent layers of large, meaty eggs. They
are pure white without a colored feather.
year round.” These birds with their wattles
and combs are in their glory in the sunny
South, although in comfortable poultry
houses in the North, they will lay constant
ly- -
Seventy-six courses of 9tone, making 152
vertical feet, have been laid since work re
commenced upon the Washington monu
ment. It has now reached the height of 302
feet.
llow lo Rnke Cider Vinegar,
The French have a method by which ci
der or other liquids of a proper character are
converted into vinegar in a manner much
more expeditious than the methods most in
vogue. First the casks or barrels are
thoroughly cleansed and scalded. Boiling
water is first used, boiling vinegar after
wards, and the barrels are rolled about and
left standing three days, to facilitate the
absorption of the vinegar by the wood.
After tills treatment, by way of prepara*
tion, the barrels are filled about one-third
full with strong pure cider vinegar, and
two gallons of cider are then turned in.
Two gallons of cider are added every eight
days, until the barrel or cask is full. Af
ter a lapse of fourteen days after the adding
of tiie two last gallons of cider, the pro
cess is complete, and as a result, the entire
contents of the cask or barrel are con
verted into vinegar. One half of this is
now drawn off, and the process of filling
with cider is again continued. In summer
the barrels should be exposed to the light
and heat of the sun while the process is being
conducted, and in winter they should be
stored where a temperature of about 80
degrees Fabrenhiet can be maintained.
The result will be pure cider vinegar.
In accumulated wealth Great Britain
stands at the head of all the nations,
France second, and the United States
third. In annual earnings and income
this country takes the lead, with Great
Britain next and France third. In less
than a decade the United States will be
the richest nation on earth, and in less
than a quarter of a century New York is
likely to be the financial center of tho world.
It is estimated that from 450,000 to 500,000
tons of charcoal are annually made in the
United States. It was this deprived Ireland
of hers. Few countries are now more bar
ren of timber, although tradition avers that
a squirrel could once travel from tree to tree
from Antrim to Kerry.