Newspaper Page Text
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t —1
CHROMCLE AND SgNTlft EL.
~~l AUGUSTA.
MONDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY|3.
Out Reading Room. I
Mas just been refitted and furnished will new
lights, and will shortly be supplied, inaddlt'on to
the newspapers, with tire leading periodi|».«
this country and Europe; which we *
render it worthy the patronage of our frit
To render it an agreeable resort, wc sha
strictly the rule est admitting nonebuUub* tljcrs,
and those strangers whom they see t to
duce. In endeavoring to afford * reading oom
worthy of the city, we are induced by no ish or
expectation to render rt a profitable busing, all
we wish is to defray five expenses. We tlj wefore
hope, that those who desire to avail thems; ves of
iu privileges will readily enter their name upon
our subscription book, which will be for id on
the table in the room.
“H.” will find in our columns to-day ab aidant
excuse for the non-appearance of his r ply to
“Anti-Humbugger,” in the space alread given
to two communications on the same uhject,
which were both on file before the receptioi of his.
An interview is desired with “Anti-H mbug
g*r”
We are requested to call the attention |' build
era to the extensive sale of lumber belonging to
the estate of William Thompson, whici takes
place to-morrow. The lumber is said to 1 e well
selected and well seasoned.
Congress.—Abolition Petition •
Our dates from Washington are to t e 28th
ult. Nothing of abeorbing interest has tn ispired
in either House, except the adoption of t e reso
lution of the Hon. William Cost Johnson for the
rejection of Abolition Petitions, which wa passed
on that day. Wa give below the resok ion as
adopted, and the yeas and nays on its pa sage :
Yeas. —Messrs. Alford, Andrews, A herton,
Banks. Beirne, Black, Blackwell, Bolts Boyd,
Aaron V. Brown, A. G. Brown, Burke. A r . O.
Butler, S. H. Butler, Bynum. J. Campbe , Wm.
B. Campbell, Carroll, Chapman, Coles, C -iquitt,
Connor, M. A. Cooper, Crabb, Ciaig, C ockelt,
Cross, John Davis. J. W. Davis, Garret Davis,
Dawson,yeberry.Dennis, Dillet.Dromgoc j, Earl,
Eastman, Fine, Fisher, Fornance, Jas. C irland,
Rice Garland, Gerry. Gogging, Graham, J raves,
Green, Griffin, Habersham, Hawkins, Hi ,of Va
J. Hill, of N. C. Holleman, Holmes, I rpkins,
Hubbard, Jameson, Jenifer, Joseph John on, W.
C. Johnson, N. Jones, John W. femble,
Leadbetter, Lewis, Lucas, McCarty, Mi Jlellan,
McCulloch, McKay, Medill, Miller, M ntanya,
Montgomery, Nisbet, Parish, Parris, etiikin,
Pickens, Pope, Prentiss, Proffit, Ramsey, layner,
Reynolds. Rhelt, Rives, James Rogers, f imuels,
Shaw, Albert Smith, Stanly, Sleenrod, Strong,
Sumter, Sweeny, Taliaferro,Taylor, Frar is Tho
mas, P. F. Thomas, Waddy Thompsoi Jacob
Thompson, Triplett, Turney, Warren, vVatter
son, Weller, John White, Lewis Willi ns, Jo
seph L. Williams, C.H. Williams, S. \ illiams,
Wise, Worthington—ll 4.
Nats.— Messrs. Adams, Judson Al n, John
W. Allen, Hugh J. Anderson, Sim. H. A iderson,
Baker, Barnard, Beatty, Bell, Biddl Bond.
Brewster, Briggs, Brock way, Anson Brc rn, Cal
houn, Carr, Casey, Chittenden, Clark, Clifford,
James Cooper, Cranston, Crary, Curtis, 'ashing,
Dana, Davee, E. Davies, Doan. Doig, uncan,
Edwards, Ely, Evans, Everett, Fillmore Fletch
er, Floyd, Gates,Gentry, Giddings, Gooi Gran
ger, Grinnell, Hall. Hand, W. S. Has ngs, J.
Hastings, Henry, Hoffman, Hook, Howai |. Hunt,
Jackson, James, Charles Johnston, Kein Kemp
shall, Lawrence. Leel, Leonard, Lincoln Lewell,
Mallory, Marchand, Marvin, Mason, fitchell,
Monroe, Morgan, S. W. Morris, Calvan Morris,
Naylor, Newhard, Ogle, Osborne, Palen, armen
ter, Payntcr, Peck, Randall, Randolph, tariden,
Reed, Ridgway, Edward Rogers, Russell Salton
stall, Sergeant, Siraonten, Slade, Join Smith,
Tru. Smith, Starkweather,Storrs, Stuart Tilling
hast, Toland, Trumbull, Underwood, Yander
poel, D. D. Wagoner, P. J. Wagner, Yick, J.
W. Williams, T, W. Williams, H. W hams—
-108.
So the House
Resolved, That upon the presentalio of any
memorial or petit on praying for the at* ition of
slavervfcor slave traile in any District, ' erritory,
or State of the Union, and upon the pre mtation
of any resolution or other paper ioucl ng that
subject, the reception of such memorial petition,
resolution, or paper shall be considered as injected
to, and the question of its reception shi I be laid
on the table, without debate or furth< action
thereon.
Resolved, That no petition, memorial re solu
tion. or other paper, praying for the abc lion of
slavery in the District of Columbia, or s y State
or Territory. or the slave trade between t e Stales
or Territories ot the United States, in diich it
now exists, shall be received by this Hoi e or en
tertained in any way whatever.
Correspondence of the National Intelh encer.
New A’ork, J i. 27.
No British Queen! The steam-shi] bothe r
the printers almost as much as the P sident’s
Message.
William Johnson, the so-called Pits ?of the
Lakes, has beea tried and convicted of breach
of the neutrality laws of the U. S., and s utenced
by the U. S. Court held at Albany, to o e year’s
confinemel in the Albany jail, and to p y a fine
of five doPars.
Thu Sound is closed. The New Ha en l>oat
attempting to get through on Satan y, was
caught, in the ice.
In the case of the Amistad.the Spani i Minis
ter ha« made m appeal to the U. Circuit
Court, objecting to the decision of tht District
Court which surrenders the Africans.: id to the
allowance of salvage.
The subject el a general bankrupt iw con-
attract ike attention of our pre i. This
matter will soon be pressed upon Com ess with
vigor.
A reform in our Chancery Courts is :alked of
in the Legislature, The New’ York hancery
Court has substantially nullified the n< i-impris
onment act for debt, by allowing on a reditor’s
bill a yc exeat, in case a creditor swe rs he is
fearful the debter intends Lo go out of le Slate.
1 he Message of the new Governor, •lortox,
of Massachusetts, has reached us. [ t il Wnfoco
ith in bank matters and corporations, a *] argues
for a repM* of the License Law. Hisjandle is
short though, and wi.J soon burn out. *
Trade is excessively dull. The asl* n? prjce
for flour is $6 50. Slocks have slightly advan C .
ed to-day. U. S. Bank declined. I
» For the Chronicle 4 Sentinel. f *
Messrs. Editors —As “ AxTi-Htrstßcaoß*
has made a sweeping Utack upon all Phrenolo- i
.gists, and appears to be confident in the trut
his positions, be would probably be willing to de
bate the subject before a popular assembly. U
so, a suitable room c«u be obtained, and I vvil
promise him an answer to each of his lectures, on
the same or succeeding evening.
I do not wish to be regarded as an advocate o
itinerant caput feelers, but I am willing to de
fend the “science” of Phrenology against those
who attack its claims to be ranked as such.
If “ Axti-Hcmbccoer” will consent to the
debate, he can leave his name with you, after
which the necessary arrangements can be made.
I am, respectfully yours, &c.
A Phrenologist.
For the Chronicle 4- SenVnel.
Phrenology, No. II* — Continued.
One would think a priori that no anatomist
could ever become a believer in Phrenology, so
irrisistible are the evidences of its fallacy which
structure of the skull itself presents; espe
cially when taken in connection with the endless
variety in the thickness of the bones composing
it, and the universal dissimilarity between the in
ternal structure of those bones, in different
by conformation, casualty, disease, and the artifi.
cial means employed by many Pagan nations for
modifying the shape of the head. And yet it is
true that the founders and chief writers of the
science have excelled many of their fellows as
anatomists, and become believers in despite ot the
palpable and insurmountable difficulties which
anatomy has been ever forcing upon their atten
tion.
It is worthy of remark, however, that they have
bestowed all their labor and ingenuity in search
ing within the brain itself, for analogies and
proofs of their theory, while most strangely and
inconsistently they have overlooked the infantile
separation of the several bones of the skull; their
gradual growth and loony union; their firm and
unyielding construction acquired by maturity,
and the physical impossibilities which these sea.
tures of the skull itself present, as an argumen.
turn ad homincm , against all they have written.
For it must be obvious, that after they have ex
hausted all their labor and ingenuity in the dis
section of the brain, and even on the absurd sup
position, that they could demonstrate each indi
j viduai organ by its separate and distinct forma*
lion, and prove incontestibly the specific capacity
of each ; still they would not gain an advance of
a single step towards the establishment of the
pretensions of their science, since the particular
structure of the brain cannot be ascertained in
any individual case until after death, when the
deductions of the system could in no wise in
crease our stock of practical knowledge, or, in the
least, benefit the living. It is plain, then, tha*
Phrenologists, while busying themselves in vain
ly searching for evidences of their system in the
brain itself, have not only been fruitlessly em
ployed, but they have begun at the wrong end,
and built their pyramid upon the apex. They
have done nothing—they can do nothing which
can commend their system, or gain confidence
among the discerning, until the anatomy of the
head, apart from that of the brain, shall be shown
to favor their views, or at least, they must remove
the physical impossibilities which the structure of
the bony and soft parts constituting the covering
of the brain so palpably throw in their way.—
Let the uninitiated reader learn, that the human
brain is entirely covered voithinthe skull by three
distinct tunics or coats, which are called the dura*
mater, the pia-mater, and the arachnoid coat, and
. which separately interpose between the brain it-
I self and the interior of the cranium. Let such
then be informed, that the skull itself is composed
of two tables or layers of bone, separated by a
third or intermediate layer of cellular structure
called the diplocc, and often by cavitives of great
er or less extent, utterly unascertainablc during
life; and that a membrane called the [ ericranium
is superadded within and without; closely ad
hering to the several bones. And let him stiil
further be instructed in the fact, that outside of
the skull, between the fingers of the Phrenologist ?
ami the bumps he is retending to examine, there
are muscles, or tencinous expansions of muscles,
with all their accompanying membranes, blood
vessels, and nerves, together with the cellular
structure, and different coats of the skin consti
tuting the hairy scalp, and they will have a
glimpse at the physical impossibilities which ex.
plode the dogmas of this humbug, however much
of ingenuity, learning, and eloquence may be em
ployed in its defence.
The conclusion of any rational man who will
| consider these premises, will be irresistible and
irrefragable; that even on the supposition of the
distinct and separate existence of the thirty-five
organs in the structure of the brain, being visible
and tangible on i ts surfaces, which is not pretend
ed; and on the still further hypothesis that we
were acquainted with the precise size and capa
city of each of these organs with its appropriate
function ; we should still be wholly in the dark in
relation to any judgment we might form, during
the life of the individual, because of the numer*
ous intervening obstacles, and their ever varying
thickness in different heads. For, had we all this
knowledge, we must first scalp the individual, af
ter the fashion of our aboriginal neighbors, and
we should still find it necessary to remove the
upper part of the scull; nor even then could we
I learn the size or location of the organs until the
intervening membranes were removed. And
| should we thus operate upon a man, and expose
*hc entire cerebrum to the vision of the Phreno
logist, he would find, by comparing the elevations
j 011 die surface of the brain, with the internal ta-
I ble of the skull which covered it, that there was
j no e ' l J ence or impression of the prominent or
gans however long they might have been culti
vated or exercised during life; and upon exam
ining the skull he would discover, that the bumps
on the external su face, would very often present
a convexity instead of a concavity within . and
still farther, that the elevation aud depressions
upon the surface of the brain itself, in no one in
stance correspond with those discoverable on the
external superficies of the cranium. And yet in
the face of such testimony of the senses, there are
multitudes who adhere with the tenacity of a
death grasp, to every jot and title of the new phi
losophy, and popular delusion to render it an at
tractive and profitable humbug.
Men and women of reason and religion, who
eschew fortune-telling, witchcraft, and astrology,
will nevertheless, submit their own heads, and
those of their sons and daughters, to these for
tune-tellers, who itinerate through the country
like other strolling mountebanks, for the purpose
of living without labor, by practicing upon public
gullibility. But not only does the anatomy of
the skull thus present insuperable barriers to tha
credibility of phrenology, but the structures of
the brain itself, affords not the slightest authority
for the arbitrary and ridiculous divisions into
which the sect have consented to dissect it. €o
far from these hypothetical “ organs ” being found
to exist any where but in the prolific imagination
of these visionaries, there are natural and actual
divisions in the brain which are not only incon
sistant with the artificial ones, which wholly ov
erthrow the possibility of their existence. The
multiplied and beautiful convolutions of the brain,
and which are not only visible on its surface, but
discernable throughout its entire structure by
careful dissection, completely overthrow' the pos
sibility of the existence of the pretended separate
organ ; not only because each of these convolu
. tions cross from one organ into another, of differ
ent and even opposite functions; but they are of
ten themselves divided, by the imaginary line
which separates the one organ from the other;
so that parts of the same convolution of the brain*
must not only perform these various and essen
tially different offices; but must be active in one
portion, and inactive in another. And as the or
gans are described to be of inverted conical or
pyramidal form, the apex being at the medular
oblongata, or the inferior portion of the cerebrum,
aud radiating to the surface next the skull; it is
plain that every organ must be formed, wholly
irrespective of these convolutions; the lines
which divided the one from the other passing
longitudinally, transversely and diagonally
through their successive layers.
Not only so, but these imaginary lines must
pass through the ventricles, the corpus callosum,
the fornix, the pulpy and the fibrous portions in
discriminately, so that each organ includes more
or less of these intricate and delicate structures,
and many of them are by the venticles cut asund.
er in the middle.
And as these ventricles contain fluid, we must
suppose that there is an upper and lower part of
some organs, separted by water or serum, the
one from the other, so that they are not only
double, but quadruple!
Another conclusive fact in refutation of this
wild scheme is seen in the essential difference
there is in the convolutions of one hemisphere
the brain, and those of the opposite side; al
though the organ is located by the sect in precise
ly the same relative position in each hemisphere.
If such organs really exist on each side of the
head, destined jointly to perform the same office, it
would be indeed an anomoly in the animal econ
omy, that they should be entirely dissimular in
structure; for the variations between the opposite
organs will exhibit such dissimilarity. In short,
If Phrenology were in any sense entitled to be
lief, in accordance with the economy of nature,
the organs should all be double or none, while
the science lays down a number of single organs*
and others double ; and still worse, there is no
provision in nature, as in other cases, far one of
these to perform the function of the other when
disabled ; and both have been removed by dis
ease, and the function remained unimpaired !
The natural divisions of the brains into the cere
brum, the cerebellum and the medulla oblonga
ta, and the equally palpable difference between
the cortical and medullary portions, together with
the distinct variety of beautiful structures which
lie in the base of the cerebrum, and all well de
fined and cognizable by the anatomist. But the
most powerful microscope has never revealed the
existence of any one of the localities, or phreno
logical “organs” so called, although probably
millions of human brains have been dissected for
the purpose of finding and establishing them
And though such are the facts upon which alone
the pretended science could be logically bassed,
not one such has ever been furnished, although
the party are even proclaiming that facts! facts !
facts ! are the foundation of the science.
Anti-Hum bugger.
Public Meeting.
In conformity with the notice given, a large
and respectable assemblage of citizens took place
at the City Hall yesterday, for the purpose of
affording an opportunity to Mr. Hesrt Shultz,
the founder of Hamburg, to disclose the objects
he had in view in reqesting such a meeting.
The Mayor was called to the chair, and presided
on the occasion, and, after Mr. Shultz had ad
dressed the meeting, which he did at considerable
length, shewing the necessity and importance of
vigorous action on the part of Charleston to re
tain the trade of Hamburg, on motion of Mr.
Brisbane, seconded by several other gentlemen, it
was ordered that a Committee of five be appoint
ed, of whom the Chairman of the meeting should
he one, and the other selected from the mercan
tile and banking portions of the community, to
take the subject matters submitted by Mr. S. into
consideration, and to report to an adjourned
meeting on Wednesday the 12th of Februarv
next. Under this resolution the following gen
tlemen have been appointed by the chair, viz:
Hon. Thomas Bennett, Dr. Mendenhall, Hon. F.
H. Elmore. James Rose and Tristram Tupper,
Esqs. There being no further business, the
meeting adjourned to the day above mentioned
when the report of the Committee will be sulv
milled.— Charleston Courier of Friday.
Ohio Legislature. —ln the House of Rep.
resentatives of Ohio, a resolution has been adoptl
ed instructing the Committee on Banks and the
Currency to report to the House a bill making it an
offence .punishable by confinement in the Peniten
tiary, for any length of time not exceeding sevea
nor less than three years, for the directorsor offi
cers of any Banking institution within the State*
to issue, for circula ion within the State or else
where, post notes or bills payable on time. The
same committee were at the same time directed
to inquire into the expediency of making all post
notes previously issued, payable on demand in
gold and silver, at the counters of the Banks is
suing them.
A resolution stating that slavery is an institu
tion recognized by the constitution, was passed
by a large majority-two only voting in the ne
gative. Another resolution on the same sub
ject declared that “the unlawful, unwise and un
constitutional interference of the fanatical aboli
tionists of the North with the domestic institu
tions of the Southern Slates,” was highly crimi
nal.—Baltimore American.
Virginia Senator.
From the Petersburg Statesman of the 31st
ult., we extract the following item of news :
No Senator Yet. —On Wednesday last, after
an animated discussion of several hours, two un
successful ballottings w’ere had for Senator to
succeed Mr. Rives. Mr. Rives received 83 votes,
Mr. Mason 80—Scattering 3. Every member of
both Houses was present. Three gentlemen of
the Lower House,styled Impracticables, (Messrs.
Bayly of Accomac, Smith of Gloucester, and
Crafford of Elizabeth City,) have the election in
their hands, and if they adhere to the position
they have taken, it is doubtful whether an elec
tion will take place this winter.
Fire in Wilmington.— The Delaware State
f Journal of the 2t5 ult., announces the destruc
* tion by fire, of the St. Andrews (Episcopal)
Church, of that city, which was communicated
| from heating the furnace.
Sacred Chart.
Mr. Benjamin D. Gullick has laid on our table
I a Chart, which will shortly issue from the press
of Messrs. Brown & McCaffcrty, of this city,
| arranged chronologically, surveying a period of
: 5844 years; in which are noted the prominent
eras in Biblical history and the Church generally.
To those who desire a work of this character*
condensing as it does, so much historical infor
mation on a single sheet, we cheerfully recom
; mend Mr. G.’s Chart.
Exportations. —We perceive,in the English
papers, the expression of an opinion that the
abundant crops in this country, of cotton and
grain, will tend to induce large orders from the
manufacturing districts, and in Manchester the
opinion appears to be generally prevalent.
Without knowing, from direct inquiry, what
the merchants of this country have resolved on,
we think we may, with great safety, say tha l the
orders, so far from increasing with the increase of
crops, and the shipment of bread stuffs and cot
ton, will diminish in almost an inverse ration.—
We cannot say what the cupidity of the British
may result in—they may send on their own ac
-1 count large quantities of their goods, which have
in vain waited for orders, but American mer
chants have acquired from experience, the habit
of looking around them for the facts, in relation
to business and population, upon which they must
found their expectation of demands.
The stock of last year is unconsumed, and the
supplying merchants hence, look fer s spring bu
siness much smaller than usual. But, in addi
tion to that, the consumption is greatly dimin
-1 ished. The suspension of business on the public
works, the canals, railroads, and in the mining
distrets, cuts off the demand for imported mer
chanize of almost every kind,
i Millions and millions of dollars were formerly
spent in the completion of railroads, turnpikes
and canals, where this year the old silence of sol
[. itude will reign, and the thousands of engineers,
assistants, overseers, contractors, laborers, and
their families, must content themselves with the
supplies of raiment which former successful la
bor ensured. All this, too, operates upon every
kind of importation almo?4 as exclusively, and
quite as directly as upon woollen and better fab
s rics of England. Building must cease in a great
‘ measure, and labor be proportionally without de
l inand. These, and the numerous other reasons
v which will not be overlooked by a merchant of
experience, must tend to limit, in a very impor
tant degree, the orders of the regular American
merchant; and the English manufacturer, or
merchant who shall attempt to throw his goods
into our market, with the causes to which we
(have referred, will tend to make his shipment a
losing adventure. We do not, by this, mean that
there will be no business done in the approaching
spring; on the contrary, we believe that there
I W ‘ll be a late, limited, but sound, wholesome bu
j siness, yet nothing to warrant shipments, to this
country on British account. Nor has the pros
pect induced the American merchant to send for
ward orders of any considerable amount. Most
assuredly do we believe that no order of any
consequence has been founded on, or increased,
by the amount of bread stuffs, which have been,
or which are likely to be, sent from this country
to Great Britain. — Phil. U. S. Gaz.
1 Kentucky Iron Mountain.—lt appears
Missouri is not the only State which contains an
Iron Mountain. Near Greenville, Kentucky,
about thirteen miles from Green River, there is
said to be a hill, the surface of which includes
about 5000 acres, almost entirely composed of
iron ore. A letter to the editors of the Louis
ville Journal gives some account of this great
mineral formation, the property of Messrs. Buck
ner and Churchill, who have commenced mining
operations and erected a furnace on the spot.
The writer says :
“ At the point where the enterprising owners
have commenced mining, the stratum was at first
about eight feet thick. It has rapidly increased
to upwards of eighteen feet. The lower surface
dips and the upper rises, the first about three
inches, and the other over one inch to the hori
zontal foot. Hence, after penetrating the hill
sixty feet farther, the stratum of ore will be more
than so ty feet in thickness; and near the sum
mit of the hill will exceed several hundred feet.
From the uniform dip of the lower and rise of the
upper surface, there is every reason to believe that
it increases to a vast thiekness. That the top of
the stratum preserves an angle elevation equal to
that of the hill, is, for a considerable distance
very obvious. The entire mass, after removing
a slight covering, not over two feet in depth, is
good and pure ore, the whole of which, without
rejecting any part, is fit for the furnace without
washing or cleansing, or separation; and everv
100 lbs. of it, by actual test, yields from 40 to 45
lbs. beautiful metal.”
Within a short distance ot this vast region, coal
is found in abundance. The navigation of the
Green river will soon be opened by means of
locks and dams, so as to afford free communica
tion with the Ohio; so that great facilities are
i ottered for the successful working of these mines.
—Baltimore American.
Rhode-Island ANT) the Navt—lh a lecture
recently delivered by the Hon. Tristram Burgess
on the subject of the battles between the Ameri
can and British fleets on Lake Erie, during the
last war, there are some interesting historical de
tails. proving conclusively that the project of a
ruitional fleet was first suggested to her sister
States b> Rhode Island.
It appears that in August 1775, the General
, Assembly of Rhode Island adopted
expressing their conviction that the buildinc and
equipping of an American fleet as soon as possi
ble, would greatly and essentially conduce to the
preservation of the lives, liberty, and property of
the good people of these colonies, and instructing
heir delegates in the ensuing Congress to
their influence for budding, at the
expense, “a fleet of sufficient force for the pro
lection of these colonies, and for employing them
in such a manner and places, as will most annoy
our enemies and contribute to the common de
fence of these Colonies.”
Congress came together in the ensuing Sept.,
and it appears from the journal, that on the 3d of
October, one of the delegates from Rhode Island
laid before the National Legislature a part of the
instructions. Acting upon the suggestion. Con
gress took the subject under consideration in
November, and on the 22d December, the Com
mittee for engaging armed vessels reported that
they had engaged four, viz: the Columbus, Abra
ham Whipple, Captain ; the Alfred Dudley, Sal
tonstall, Captain; the Andrew Dorea, James
Biddle, Captain; the Cabot. John Burroughs
Hopkins, Captain. That they had appointed
Esek Hopkins, Commodore of the fleet 1 " at
they had appointed John Paul Jones, Rhodes
Arnold, Haystcd Harker, Jonathan Pitcher, and
Stansbury, first Lieutenants ; and Benjamin
Seabury, Joseph Olney, Elisha Weaver, Thomas
Weaver, and M’Dougal, second Lieuts.
This, Mr. Burgess observes, in the first Ameri
can fleet which ever hoisted sail to the winds of
heaven. Rhode Island furnishen two of the
ships ; —also the Commodore of the fleet; two ot
the Captains; three of the first, and four of the
second Lieutenants; and in all probability, most,
if not all the officers and men for at least two of
the ships.
This report was received and established ; and
now Commodore Hopkins, with the fleet under
his command, was ordered to proceed to the Ba
hama Islands, and capture the warlike stores of
Great Britain deposited at New Providence, and
then to cruise on the coast ol the Carolinas, and
intercept the British vessels found in those wa
ters.
The fir it of these orders was fulfilled to the
letter. For the Commodore loaded his fleet with
those stores; and was obliged to impress one ot
the colonial vessels to aid in bringing away the
captured cannon and munitions of war. It is be
lieved, he sailed from the United Colonies early
in February, 1776; for on the 3d of March, of
that year, he captured the fort at New Providence.
After this success, his fleet being deeply laden
with stores so highly important to the Colonies,
he, to secure these valuable stores, returned di
rectly, and unladed them at New London.
Such is the account given us of our earliest
national maritime expedition. We have certain
ly no reason to be ashamed ot it.
The ranks in this little Navy above Captain,
were Admiral, Vice Admiral, Rear Admiral, and
Commodore. Ezek Hopkins, of North Provi
dence, was the first and only American who ever
wore the title (f Admiral in an American Jleet.
Commodore Perry was a native of Rhode Isl
and. When he departed fer Lake Erie, he took
with him from Newport, 149 men and 3 boys,
all of whom were volunteers, and in the incredi
bly short space of ninety days after the first blow
was struck, there were conctructed six vessels—
the Lawrence of twenty guns—the Niagara of
two long twelves and eighteen 34 pound carron
ades; the Ariel of four guns, 18’s and 34’s; the
Scorpion of two guns, 32’s; the Porcupine of
one gun, a 33 ; and the Tigress of one gun, a
32.
During the same time, they repaired and made
efficient, the Caledonia, of three guns, 24’s and
32’s; the Somers of two guns, 33’s , the Trippe
of one gun, a 32, and the Ohio of like fercc, but
not in the battle.
Our fighting fleet mounted in all 54 guns; the
British, 64. It was the first fleet fight ever
fought in battle line by the American navy, and
resulted, as is well known, in the capture of the
enemy’s fleet.
For the notice from whence we derived the
foregoing details we are indebted' to the New
York Journal of Commerce.
The Second Series of Captain Marryatt’s Diary
has the following passages on the women of this
country :
That the American women have their peculiari
ties, and in some respect they might be improved
is certain. Their principal fault in society is, that
they do not sufficiently modulate their voices.—
Those faultsarisingfrom association, and in which
both sexes are equally prone, are a total indifier
ence to or rather a love of change, “ shifting right
away,” without the least regret, from one portion
of the Union to another ; a remarkable apathy as
to the sufferings of others, as indifference to loss
of life, a fondness for politics, all of which are un
feminine . and lastly, a passion for dress carried
to too great an extent; but this latter is easily
accounted for, and is inseparable from a society
where all would be equal. But, on the othei
hand, the American women have a virtue which
the men have not, which is moral courage, and
one also which is not common with the sex, phy
sical courage. The independence and spirit of
an American woman, if left a widow without re
sources, is immediately shown; she does not
sit and lament, but applies herself to some em
ployment, so that she may maintain herself and
her children, and seldom fails in so doing. Here
are faults and virtues, both proceeding from the
same origin.
I have already in my Diary referred to another
great error in a portion of the American women.
Lady Blessington, in one of her delightful works,
. very truly observes: “I turn with disgust from
that affected prudery, arising, if not from a par
ticipation, at least from a knowledge of evil,
which induces certain ladies to cast down their
eyes, look grave, aud show the extent of their
knoweledge or the pruriency of their imagina
tions, by discovering in a harmless jest nothing to
alarm tl eir experienced feelings. I respect that
woman whose innate purity prevents those
around her from uttering aught that can arouse
it, much more than her whose sensitive prudery
continually reminds one, that she is au fait of
every possible interpretation which a word of
doubtful meaning admits,”
The remarks of Miss Martineau upon the wo
men of America are all very ungracious, and
some of them very unj ist. That she met with
affection and folly in America, is very probable
—where do you notl There is no occasion to
; go to the U. S' to witness it. As for the charge
of carrying in their hand seventy dollar pocket
handkerchiefs, lam afraid it is but too true • but
when there is little distinction, except by dress,
ladies will be very expensive.
■ ‘ ~
The number of steamboats now afloat on the
western waters is said to be 327. Os these sa
were built at Pitlsborg, 61 at Cincinnati, 19 at
Whaling, 14 at Jeffersonville, 13 at Louisville,
i 10 at New Albany, and the residue in various
i P‘ aces 38 are owned in Cincinnati. The total
• cost of them exceeds five millions of dollars aver
aging about $15,000 eaah.-- N. O. Picayune.
Em-MATiox OF Human BoN Es .-For the
last few davs much curiosity has been excited
m the neighborhood of Old Brentford, in con sc
: quence of the d.scovery of a large quality „f hu
■ man bones man extraordinary state of pLerva
tmn after having been interred, it is supposed up
! J* ar Jf°ftwo hundred years. The ground whefe
, thed v hag made ig . n £ Qcc he.e
ffie^L R ° b ’ 3 bnckmaker ’ and situated at
° f the town ’j« st the rear
of the Salutation public-house. The earth had
oeen removed some time since to the depth of 4
ee without any thing particular being observed
out at the commencement of last week, on the
workmen digging about five feet lower, making
nine feet, they came to layers of human bones
consisting of skulls, arm and thigh bones, & c ., of
such extent as to fill several wheelbarrows I n
most of the skulls the teeth were most perfect and
m a high state of preservation, as was also’ the
hair. The spot, it is said by some of the eldest
of Che inf»6il*ote, used formerly to be called
Deadmen’sGraves, and there is a tradition extant
in the town* that during the great plague in Lo
don, a female caßed “Mol* Ramson” used to driv*
a cart, on which she sat, through the streets, C tv
ing, “bring oat your dead;” that she brought
down hundreds of bodies, which were interred ■
heaps in the ground in question. Informrtion
the finding of the bones has been forwarded to Mr
Wakely, the Coroner, but it is not supposed h*
will consider it necessary to hold an inquest —
London paper
Womrx amd Horses.—Sam Slick contends
that women and horses resemble each other in a
great many respects. Wi'hout endorsing his *
opinions we give them in bis own words: “ Am
man that understands horses, has a pretty consi
derable fair knowledge of women ; for they are
just alike in temper, and require the very same
identical treatment. Encourage the timid ones
be gentle with the fractious, but lather the sulkv
ones like blazes.”
Rubbing.—Two village editors meeting one
day, one observed to the other, that his •<
meant nothing, being professional—“all j n th e
way of business —no personal ill will, you know ”
and made the inquiry, “ why don’t you rub m e
once in a while 1” To which the other replied
“It is not my business to rub down Jackasses
New-Orleans Sun.
A Town without a Doggkht. —Atihe pre
sent time, if we can believe a statement made i*
the Western World, there is not a single doggery
or grog shop, or any place where a glass of liquor
can be obtained for love or money in Memphis.
Such a sober sided set of fellows as are now daily
perambulating the streets of that town were never
seen before, and many loafers who have hereto
fore held every thing in the shape of labor in per
fect scorn, are now hard at work for mere pastime.
— N. O. Picayune.
A Rich Max.—Robert Lennox, who recently
died in New-York, it is said has left properly
worth three millions of dollars.
COMMERCIAL. •
Latest dates from Liverpool Dec. 17
Latest dates from Havre Dec. 14
Charleston, February 1.
Cotton. —We stated in our preceding review that
the Upland market had been sensibly effected by
the recent intelligence from abroad ; at the open
ing of this week’s business, however, a slight im
provement was noticed, and the advance has been
sustained with firmness to the present time.
The operations comprise 7542 bags as follows:
32 at 7; 11 at 7|; 58 at 7s; 200 at 7*; 14 at 7f;
133 at
84; 62 at Sf; 774 at 8£; 185 at S|; 2198 at 9; 207
9g; 843 at'9j; 65 at 8§; 123 at
at 10; and 110 at prices above our limits.
Long Cotton. —There is no material change in
prices of this article; a limited demand has exist
ed throughout the vyeek, which resulted in sales of
! 337 bags at from 20 to 37 cents per lb.
Rice. —Operations during the week were to afair
extent, embracing principally every quality, except
strictly prime, none of which remain on hand, and
which would command former prices, viz: s3jf to
s3j per cwt. The stock of all descriptions on
hand is very light.
We report sales 1981 tes at from to s3s per
cwt.
Rough Rice. —l6,3oo bushels were sold at from
78 to 82c per 100 lb.
) Flour. —lso bbls Philadelphia sold at per
bbl; 30 do Virginia ats7; 116 dc Alexandria at $63;
150 do Howard st, at s6|; 25 do s6h, and 70 do at
s6£ per bbl.
Grain • —Two cargoes Corn were received this
week, and were disposed of at about 57c per bush
el ; 700 bushels Peas brought 67 cents. There
were no receipts of Oats.
Grocenes. —Bo bags Rio Coffee sold at from
to 12c per lb; 60 do Cuba at 11c: 50 hhds new crop
Cuba .Molasses brought 24 to 25c per gallon; SC
bbls New Orleans sold at 27c.
Bacon. —Hams are selling in small quantities at
11 to 12$ cent? per lb; Shoulders and Sides little or
no sale—-prices nominal. *
Salt in sacks is worth $1 50 to 1 per sack.
Exchange. —On England, 85 a 9£ per cent prern.
France, of 15c a 5f 25c; New' York and Boston,
sight are taken at 2 per cent premium, 30 days,
time off; Richmond,69 days, ] percent; Bank of
Charleston rates of Exchange, on the North —New
York, 3 per cent premium; Philadelphia, 2 per
cent discount; Columbia and Camden, per cent;
Savannah Bank notes, 4 percent discount; Spanish
Doubloons, sl7; Mexican, sl6; Sovereigns, $4 95;
Specie, 14 percent premium.
Freights— To Liverpool, £to |d per lb for Cut
ton; to Havre, cents per lb; for Rice, $U per
tierce. New York, for Cotton, 75 cents and $1 per
bag.
STATEMENT OF COTTON.
„ , s. I. Upl’ds.
Stock on hand Ist Oct. 1973 2733
Received this week, 1059 4008
do. previously, 6662 108815
9694 115566
Exported this Week, 49 7019
do. previously. 4346 97387
On ship board, 377 3391
4772 112797
Stock on hand, 4922 2759
_ Macon, January 30.
Cotton. Prices have varied a little since our last
quotations, until within two days past. The article
was dull at 1 cents extreme, yesterday was ob
tained, in consequence of the prospects of rain.—
We quote from 6to 7£. The river still continue!
very low. Freights to Savannah $5 per bale.
New Orleans, January 25.
Cotton. Arrived since the 21st instant, of Loui
siana and Mississippi 12210 bales, Tennessee and
North Alabama 767, Arkansas 269, Mobile 12,
1 exas 462, together 13720 bales. Cleared in the
same time, for Liverpool 5678 bales, Glasgow 1313,
Havre 2915, Marseilles 2277, Stockholm 84, New
York 78, Boston 1098, Philadelphia 100, together
13546 bales, and leaving on hand, inclusive of all
on shipboard not sleared on the 26th inst., a stock
of 10631 bales.
The demand for cotton, which we stated in bur
report of W ednesday morning last as being tolera*
bly fo-ir at the time our inquiries terminated on the
evening previous, became rather more brisk on that
day, and upwards of 5000 bales changed hands, at
prices about the same as those before current. On
1 hursday, a further, and still more marked im
provement took place in the demand, and sale*
t ffected durin ? th « day, to the extent of fully
8000 bacs. Yesterday, the market was rather
quiet, as is generally the case after such heavy op
erations as were made during the two preceding
days, but the sales, notwithstanding, amounted to
about 3000 bales. Prices during the three day*
have continued k quite steady. Holders may, in
deed, have been compelled, in some instances, to
concede a trifle on very ordinary parcels, but our
previous quotations have, on the whole, been well
sustained, and we therefore continue them. Tb®
stock on sale, as observed in our last, is principally
composed of the inferior and middling finalities*
The sales during the week amount to 29000
bales, and for the last three days to 16500 bales.
LIVERPOOL CLASSIFICATIONS,
La. and M?ss. Tenn. and N. AI&
Ordinary, 6* a64 Ordinary, 1
Middling, a7 4 Middling,
* air j , . 9 a9} Fair, U* a
Good fair, 10 alOj- Good fair, extreme*
Good & fine Ilia— Good & fine^
Fair crops, — a "
icon . , STATEMENT OF COTTON.
1839. Oct. 1, stock on hand, 15524
Receipts last three days 13720
previously, 389291 373800
418835
Exports last three days, 13546 ,
previously, 298978 312a*4
Stock on hand 10631 1