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V“L. ]..
@he Tayul Georgian.
AUGUSIA, GA.,, MARCH 3, 1866
PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY MORNING
by the
- @, E. R. Publishing Association.
PHOMAS P. BEARD, Agent
“Office, cotner of Jackson & Ellis Sts., Augusta, Ga.
" TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION :
One year.....coeeeessncecses 3 00
"Bikt Phootlis: .oceeuiiecniiin. 176
Always in advance.
EXTRACT FROM H. W. BEECH.
- ER'S LECTURE UN WORK AND
WORKMEN.
There are four principle avenues where
a man may become more than bis work
would mark him to be; the household,
the sphere of leisure, social ambition,
citizenship. The family is not ouly a
refuge but a powerful incitement, The
man who, in the shop, 13 bammeriang, fil
ing and shaping the metal to build a curi
ons stegcture of steel, bas eur admiration
and we say: “ This thought power, this
adjustment of parts and proportions to
uscs, indicates mind and manhood in him,’
and it does. But what if he, while he is
a smith, and works at sthe horse~shoe gr
at the heavy bar, is all the time working
there as the more remote means of builds
ing up a were curious thing, namely, his
own household, and be looks along the
gleaming bar and takes aim at wife and
children, aud every stout blow that sends
out the sparks throws a light into the
future for him, ad the strokes of his
Lamwmer are s 6 many strokes at the door
of the fatare which hc will break opeu‘
and carry up the wife of his youth and
his children with biw, and put them ata
nizher point than they could have been,
but for his fidelity, frugality and love!
{ Loud applause ) There is nothing bét«
ter shan this. Work bestowed for this
end ceases to be drudgery. No matter
how tedious or toilsome, such an ove rests
by forelooking. The workman that
skulks, that abandons to darkness his
housebold, that goes to ‘the coreer to
drown fatigue by ruinous excitoment,
or who betakes himself to places of il
licit plessure, i# not only not to be re
respected, but to be degraded, as uu
wortby the nawe of a man: while he
whose labor, no matter how 'ow it is, is
lighted and cheered by the sun of love
atd hope, that forever draws him home—
that man bas vanquished the drudgery of
labor, and bas made himself more than a
workman ; be has dropped the worker,
and is a man, (Applause)
In America, leisure isalways to be bad.
Population yet bears such disproportion
to natural resources, that few need to toil
excestively to earn a good livelihood.
For the most part, it may be said in this
land, it is men’s indolence or their pass
sions that make them poor. The poor
house door has two keys—laziness and
various lusts; and one or the other of
toew almost always opens it to the great
brotherhood. Tbere may be enough
leisure saved, in almost every laborer's
life, to carry on” a process of education
which shall not only furnish relaxation,
but which by increased iotelligence, shall
redcem work from its drudgry. A
workman should be a reader, a thinker.
If you sit in your smithy, smootched, and
Wiping the sweat, and eurse men because
You are a blacksmith, and they are gentie:
mea riding by in their carriages—fonl!
that is envy, not wisdom. Why do you
not, though you be smootched, when the
labor of the day is over, betake your~
selves to those tasks of the understand
lug that shall bring out the man that is
1 you, if it "be in you? Why do you
Dot give this giorious token of victory,
that you lift over the baumer of your
black work the lumiuous rays of the
brain ? Then men will houor you, as
they honor others whom you envy and
curse. In this land bocks and papers
are cheap, and good oues we have, if a
wan choose to sift aud winnow; aud there
s leisure enough. in work for the pur
poses of his education. A man does not
ueed academy or college. A man mway
Zaduate in the shop; but be must be a
| Wan. Jtis in this aspect that I regara
“h intense interest every nfovement for
“sure, I don’t preteud to enter into the
Mroversy about the eight hour system.
L thiog thot will settle itself, aud settle
atself g great, immatable principles, But
Tt%arding ¢his movement as one symptom j
that the great body of workiogmen are
"Wpatient of being nothing but working.
e, and anxious tnat by work they sh.all
become men, and that they are seeklng
Ume as a meang of improvewent, I regar
the tendency ag auspicious. If eight
bours is to mean werely so much time
substracted, and wo equivalent rendered
it will perich ; but if eight hours is this
pledge— *By lsisure we will make eight
hours better in your till than ten hours
are now,” then eight hours will succeed,
But it is a brain question. If you bring
to work a better intelligence, a better
fidclity, so that eight hours’ work is
worth as muche 2s ten now, you will have
reason on youi side, and your demands
will be complied with. But if it is a lop
pitg 0i time, and adding nothing, you
will get, perhaps, eight bours’ work, but
you will get eight hours’ wages, and only
that Even if this should prove that the
means demanded are imperfect, ather
means will be found. lam not one of
those who suppose that all at once the
whole body of laboring men will rise up
and do the®right thing st the very bes
ginving. T make allowances for inex
perience, for want of guidance‘and good
leadership. I expect there will be many
mistakes whicu time will correct. It
-may confidently be predicted, therefore,
| that if workmen have wot leisure for self
‘culture, they can have it; and it may be
just as covfidently predicted that the
‘employer will more than make up the
diminution in time by the differencs in
the results of the laber. The thousand
petty wastes that accompany ignorant,
discontented work, comparcd with the
savings of of a mau’s thinking, willing
work, amount to far more thau the diffe
rence betwecn eight hours and ten hours.
But the work that is eizht hours must
be a finer quality of steel thau the work
that is tew, or it will not. stand the
strain. This question is in the hands of
the workmen. It stands on the great
doctrine of equivalents, and there sequity
i it. L€ you strike the line you will be
victorious; if ycu do not, you will be
overthrowu and ought to be glad of it.
Social ambitivn is another direction in
which the workman may develop bimeelf
into more than his wo k would wark Lim
to be. The democratic iustitutions of
America work specially in the intgests
of tbe masses, Strong men, rich men, the
children of genius, can make their own
way. They need little of society, Panty
of citizenship is very little at the top of
socicty; parity of citizwnship 18 every~
thing at tie bottom. No mmpulse cau be
more universal and ; owerful than that
which iucites every free laborer to force
up his family, in poverty, intelligence and
respectability to the average level of the
community in which he lives. In tue be
giuning of this course 1 kvow of nothing
better than judici us debt. Debt! Yes,
debt! Debt—that seducer, that plausi
ble traitor, that corrupter of morals, that
incubus upon wan’s peace ? Yes, debt
Dcbts wecurred for trausient enjoyment
and passing self indulgencies are indee
the devil’s hangmen and swing men,
they ought to be swung. Debts incurrs
for moral stabilities are God’s minister
Let every young man select judiciously
small picce of ground for a h. use lo
make such paymeuts as he can begi:
with, and adjust the subsequent payment.
8o as to mak: them easily within his
reach, Ifdebt now don’t make him get
up early, if it don’t seud bim to work
lively, if it don’c keep bim up late, it it
don’t whip his izdustry, curb his useless
expenscs, then expevience is a delusion.
(Applause ) I koow not how it is inl
Buston, but so far as my judgemeut en
ables me to speak, Philadelphia is the
foremost of every city in this land, in that 1
wore persons own the houses that they
live in than in any other city in th 2 land.
Let me see the community in which there
are the fewest houses to reunt, and the
most that are occupied by their owners,
and that is the commuuity I conceive to
be the most hovorably prospervus; and
the young werchant, the young mechauic,
the young laborer, if he begins life aud
invests judiciously in this way, and then
draws himself up by bis iudustry to his
investment; will find that while he has
been earning his home, bis home has been
preparing him to be worthy to own it
A young man with a house and lot, a
good wife by his side, is as a trec that
grows by the side of a river, whose root
shall never dry nor its leaves wither.
(Applause.) The man without property
is & gip~y, a wanderer in the community.
Good citizens ought to be anchored, they
ought to be stockholders in the commu-~
nity.
Uitiéepship is th> next and last of these
spheres iu which the workinan may de
velope himself. The dignity of citizen~
ship should inspire every man to labor.
To him and to bis children are opeu all
the places of bouor aud trust in this Re
public. Powers which a monarch wight
covet are within every man’s reach. The
road to the Presidential chair is just as
short from the hiackswith's shop as the
‘lawyer’s -office; who mow knows, whed
Augustay, Ga., Saturday, March 3, 1866
he goes home and rocks his cradle, but it
is the future Chief-Justice who’s crying!
!(Laughter and applause.). Some of you
are called, in the esercise of parental
l fidelity, to whip the future Senator or
Representative. (Great merriment )
Do it well, T beseech of you! (Re
{ newed laughter aud applause) When
all the world has bowed down, with sole
|mn reverance to one, a wood«':ho;»p(r;
‘ who, as President of the United Stutes,
i was. rever ashamed of work or of work
' men, what workman need despond or des
- pair? Aud now, while a tailor is sewing
together the rents in the seamless gar
‘mcnt of the Uonron, neéd &ny honest me
chanic be reproached with folly if he
dreams that his son shall be Presivent,
, and rises early and toils late to give him
every advautage? In no other land is
-the top of society so far removed from
the bottom ; aud in no other laud is 1t so
easy to get up frem the bottom to the {
top as in this. -
In view of the dignity of work, I say
that all men in this eountry ouzhe to be
taught to work with their hands. That
they should be taught to thiuk, that tbeir
brain should be educated, is to be in~
ferred from the whole tenor of this lecture |
thus far. But I hold, since work is 1
diguified and woble; creative and benifi
ceat in its uses, that American educatiou
shoud alw ys include in it d suffi ient
traiuing to make evefy man a haud work
er as well as a brain worker. .
The Jews have a proverb that he who
briugs up his culdren without a trade
brings them up to steal. lam Lalf a
Jew on that point. (lLaughter) Lt is
certain a boy is neglected ot his parents
who does not know how to work and feels
above wdrk Whenever you sec a man
who-e duty it is to work, who feel< above
his work you may bésure that man is
vor fit to go auy higher; for no man is
ashamed-to do that which God puts him
to do, if he be a fit mstrumeunt to do the
Divine work in this world.
There is no feeliug so peculiarly un-
American as shame of work. It is a
foreign viee; it is vulgar; it bas no busi
uess here. The mau whe does not know
bow to wazk is the mau who ought to be
ashamed; the man who does know how
ought to be proud of it. It is noble for
a man to carry himself up. Any man
who iuherits wealth 1s like 2 man who
preaches his father’s sermous, where a
man who makes tis wealth is like the mau
who makes his own sermons. (Loud
" aghter and applause) If one inherits
calth, he may excuse himselt from work
iz but not excuse biwseif for being asham
«d ot work. I bave noticed that men who
are born wealrhy are seldom troubled
vith that shorme. They are usualiy meu
vho have good sense w the wmatter of
work, aud are quite willing themselves to
toil where it is proper
Every Awmericn child should know
70w to us: his hands ingeniously. No
\ uerican boy is educated, uobody de~
vrves the honorable appeilation of -Yan
iee’ who canuot use the ax, the spade,
vire plow, who cannot yoke and unyoke
oxen, haruess and drive a team, who has
uot sufficient kuowledge of tools to per
form any common act of necessity.
A true Yankee pever sces anything
doue that he does not steal the rrade with
his eyes aud imagive how b 2 would do it
himself at a pinch and improve upon it.
He will do auythiog—sew on buttons,
shave a sick man, cook a bref:steak,
writg & se mon, listen to one, or any other
drudgery that society may impose up/n
him. (Great merriment) This fertility
and facility in work, diguifies the Ameri
can, and universal thritt follow uviversal
industry and ingeuuity.
This necessity aud propriety of work
has peculiar relatios to us in the grow
ing exigeucies of our civilization, for we
stand ac a time when the bousehold is
displaced from oue tendency aud state of
society und has uot fairly settled upou an
ocher. When service was a class neces:
sity, then the houschold was blessed in
faithlul servants; and when all fiom the
toitom to the top of society shall be
thorough!'y iutelligtnt, then subordmation
ot work will give to us again useful aud
trustworthy essistants. But we are
liviog at a period when work aspires but
has not attained; and the result is that
in every househeld complaints are utterad
of the difficulty of procarmg work The
best remedy that I can propound 'is to
go back to the doctrive aund practice of
our mothers and sisters. I remcwmber
the time when the morning wake with
the mother’s voice—the sweetest bell thut
ever raug at the stairs to call the chil
dren up; when the table was spread by
her hauds or her daughters; and when
sometimes the boys themselves .were put
to-the same task; and all through the
morning still she toiled and sang aud cou
versed upoa themes worthy of wowan-
hood, of Christian womanhood ; and when
t.e noon meal was cleared away and the
bright afternoon sun poured its full light
u.cn the door%ard and the kitchen,
mother and sisters sat readirg or sewing;
and after the transient evening meal the
’ lamp sitting on the table, the hearth stone
‘glowing (if it was winter) again she gath
| ered around her the circle. Those were
[ the days when there was health among
women, and a virtue and womanhood of
wh'ch we have no occasion to be ashamed
even in these days among our mother and
-our sisters; and if there was more worx i
in the household to-day, I think there
- would be fewer complaints against foreign
‘servants, and fewer complaints for home
‘doctors. (Laughter and applause )
Now, not to weary you with allusious
to the relations of work to health, let me
conclude by stmply saying that the great
duty of the hour in this land is the eleva
tion of work and workmen. God has
sent to school four millions of w rkmeu.
It is the business of schoul master, of
palpit, of lecturer, of patriotic citizen,
of editor, ot every man to lift up work,
from end to end of this land, and make it
taithiful, moral, fruitful, self-respecting
and so blessed. (Loud applause.)
PARLIAMENTARY RULES.
One of the rights of freemen is that of
peacefully assemb ing together and delib
erating coucerning their common inter
ests. But the giod results reached by
this means deped¥l upon the gond order
aud system with which such meetings are
conducted.
_ The usual method of organizing a de
liberative assembly i~ as follows:—The
“our of meeting having arrived, one of
them, rising to his feet and addressing
the others, requests tie meeting to come
to order; the members thereupon seat
ing themwselves, he suggests the propriety
of regularly organizuig the weeting, and
requests some oue to nomina'e a chair
wan. A name, or names, being mention
ed, he declares that sicha persou—the
first pamcd— a 8 been momiuated, aod
nuts the question that such person be re
quested to act as chairioan. If the voce
of a majority of the assembly is in the
affirmative, the person elected is reques
ted to take the chair. [ the vot. is in
the negative, avother nomitation is made,
and voted upon as before. When a ebair~
man ic elected, he rakes the chair, and
the assembly proceeds to-complete the
orgauization by the choice of a sceretary
and such otier officers as may be deemed
necessary, the chairman putting the mo
tion in each case to the vote of the meet~
mg.
It is not our purpose to attempt a for
mal treatise upou this subject, but merely
to present a few suggestions to those
whuse circumstances in former times cut
them off from opportunitics of acquiring
the experieuce and knowledge of parlia~
mentry rules usually possesscd: by those
who bave always beea free :
We will themfore suppose that the
meeting bas eeu duly orgavized, and that
it is ready to proceed to the Lusiuess for
which i¢ was called.
DUTIES OF THE PRESIDING OFFICER.
They are, principolly, the following:
To open the sitting, at the time to
which the ssembly is adjourved, by ta~
king the chair aud calliug the mewbers
to order.
1 ¢ announce the busioess before the
a-sembly in tlie order 1n which it is to be
acied upon.
To receiv: and submit, in the proper
manner, all motions and propositions pre
sented by the members.
To put to vote all questions, which are
r-gularly moved, or uecessarily arise in
the course of the proceedings, and to
announce the result.
To resirain the members, when en
gaged in debate, whithin the rules of
order.
To enforce, on all occasions, the observ
ance of order and decorum among the
mewbers,
. To receive all messages and other com
mwuuicatious, avd anucuuce them to the
assenubly.
To autheuticate, by his signature, wheu
pecessary, all the acts, orders and pro
ceedings of tbe assembly.
To wform tte asscmbly, when neces
gary, or when refe red to tor the purpose,
ina point of order or practice.
To name the members (when directed
to do so 1 a parilcular case, or when 1t
is made a part of his geueral duty by a
rule,) who are to serve ou cowmituees.
Aud, w general, 10 represent and stand
for the assembly, declaring its will, aud,
in ali things, obeying impucitly its com~
unluds.
If the assembly is organized by the
choice of a president aud viee presidents
it 1s the ducy of one of “the latter 10 take
the chair, in case of the abseuce of th
president from the assembly, or o' hi
withdrawing from the chair for the pur~
pose of perticipating in the proceedi.s.
Where but one presiding officer is ap~
pointe’, in the first ivstance, his place
can only be supplied, in case of his ab
sence, by the appcintment of a president
or chairman pro trmproe; and, in the
choice of this officer, who ought to be
eleeted before any other business is cone,
it 18 the duty of the secretary to eonduct
the proceedings.
The presiding officer may read sittingy
but should lisc Lo state & motion or put a
question to the assembly.
THE RECORDING OFFICER.
The principal duies of this offi~p
consist in taking vo‘es of all the procecd:
ings, and in making true entries in bis
Jogrual of ‘ll the things done and past’
in the asscmbly; but he is not, n gene -
ral, required to take miuutes of *particas
lar men’s specches,” or 10 make ett ies of
things merely proposed or move., without
comiug to a vote. He is to enter whyt
is done and past, but not what is said or
woved. _
It is also the duty of the secrctary to
read all papers, eic., which wmay be or
dered to be read; to call the roll of the
assembly, and iake note of those who a:e
absent, when a call is@rdered ; to call the
roll, and note the auswers of the mems
bers, when a queston is taken by yeas
and nays; to wotily commitiecs of their
appoivtiment aund of the busiiess ve eired
to them; and to autheuticate, by bis
signature, (sometimes alme aud some
Uwes in corjunction with the president,)
all the acts; orders and procecdings of the
assembly.
The secretary is also charged with the
custudy of a'l the papers, and documents
of ¢very descriprion, belonging to the
assembly. as well as the journal of s
proceedings; and is to let nove of thom
be taken from the table, by any member
or other person. without the leave ur or—
dor vt the usdCiubiy, .
When but a sin.le secretary is appoin
ted, his place can only be supplicd, du
ring his absence, by the appowtmnt of
some one to act pro temyore. When
several persons are appointed, -this weon
venienee is not likely to oceur.
The secretary should staud while redd
ing orlcalling the assowbly.— Nutionalist,
Congress, to the surprise of most peo
ple has admitted the uegro to vote in the
District of Columbia, and without any
qua‘ification We wish, for our part, it
had insisted, when deing away with the
color qualification, upon every man’s
knewing how to read before exercising
the frauclise. The opportunity was a
good oue for setting an example that the
states might have followed apa the gieat
principle of equality before the law
would have becu s firmly established by
a measure of this kind as by the one
which was passed. Pictures are now be
ing drawn, iv some quarters, o! the dread
ful effect which this vote will have iu
‘irritating’ tne whites of the District, hut
it is really time that we heard the last of
this argument If justice can ounly be
done, aud the Governmant can only keep
faith with the blacks, by irrita.ing a
portion of the whites, the latter must get
used to being irritated, and the G.vern
ment to irritating tbem Four ycars ago
this precious sofhism wus put in the
foreground of the baitle against emanci
pation, aud events have revealed its value
fhe ovly way 1n which the blacks eould
avoid giving offense 1o any of their fellow
citizens would be-to betake thewselves
out of the world; but, from so beuighted
and degraded a race, devotion ot this
kind to the public ecomfort is hardly to
be expected.-——Twe Natwon,
There is a greatness before which
every other must siuk I.to uothi- g; one
which, wheun clearly seen in its true dig
nity, produces the most terilling emotio 8
ot the heart. tis woral greav.ess—that
undeviating rectitude of action, whien
leads wen to seek tue best interests of
others, that integrity of soul wigeh bids
man uuder every circulustance 1o truth
aud duty; and rears from bim a mo w
went encircled by that eterual radi nec
which issues frow the throue of God.
It may be said, in view of the mau;
thousaud federal soldiers who died
Audersouville, that the rebel pen w
wightier than the rebel swore i +h
business of destroying encmies.
“Why don’t you come after eold vietuu .
a 8 usual " raid a lady w a boy wor L
for a long time been a daily visior 1
that specis- of eharity '
“ FatLer bas joiued the Tewperanve
Society, and we-bave warm viceuais sow,’
was the reply. -
MhNO. 7.