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THE SOUTHERN WORLD, AUGUST 1, 1882.
5
1m §iach gjepurimmt.
The ProOt of Grass.
Editor Southern World.—I beg leave to
call the attention of the readers of your
paper to the following tables:
Tables showing the yield of milk and butter and ex
penses of cows and a family of nine for the first six
months—1882. Also, expenses and yield of crops gath
ered upon same place;
... 13.50
Total
Cr.
Sold at the market price now, 50c...
...$53.58
Clear loss
III
s
or
2
S
s
or
-2
si
i
i
a
Pounds of ButH
ter Sold.
Cow Food
Bought.
J*
»3
«a
CCS
Ofc
I
>
a
l
Jan. 15
Febr’y
March
April...
May....
June...
000
1,018
1,834
1,734
1,097
1,505*6
497*4
573
409
183
88
131
80
498
188
430
508*6
134*6
140‘jt
100 6
sasgzs
*13 40
11 40
11 50
13 30
11 70
13 10
*37 77
48 05
48 60
110 11
93 05
77 00
July 15
MS*
28 •
216
53M
7 75
25 55
8,5534
1,8784
1,926*6
530 10
298
82 15
440 73
Sold-H74 pounds butter at 50c per pound (238 75
“ M " •• at 55c perpound 18 55
“ 1,8784 quarts sweet milk at 64 c - 117 50
•• 1,020,'a " butter milk at 24c 48 IBM
•• 3 pigs - - 8 00
" 4 calves 10 00
fill 054
Feeding cows tlS2 08
Feeding family 82 15 235 13
(205 924
Or (205 924 prollts In 100 days, or a fraction ovcr(105
clear per diem.
WHEAT CROP—FOUR ACRES.
Plowing (8 oo
4 bushels seed 7 80
Harrowing In 1 50
Sowing .. 75
Cutting and hauling 0 00 .<22 c5
Rent of land K of crop—31bushels or
7% bushels out. Threshing 1-10 or 3 3-10
bushels out, making UK bushels out of 31K
bushels—leaving 20 K bushels of wheat for
sale. Market price 00 cents or $18.22 to
pay an expense of $22.03. Clear loss $3.83.
OAT CROP—10 ACRES.
Plowing land $13.00
Harrowing in seed 3.75
Sowing seed 2.00
Cutting and hauling ofT 12.50
30 bushels seed at $1.00 30.00
Threshing 3.37
He lost $7.32 for the pleasure of making
the best crop in the State-his premium is
all he made and those who were just be
hind him and had to pay the premium were
heavy losers.
Mow I will leave it to the farmers of the
South to see that It is more profitable to
milk scrub cows and let the grass grow
spontaneous, than cropping poor land or
even rich land. Farmers go to grass.
Covington, Ga. Wm. J Camp.
Three Harks or a Good Cow.
Good milkers are found in ail breeds of
cows, though more frequent in some breeds
than others. The Guernsey, Jersey, Alder
ney and Ayrshire breeds have a world-wide
reputation for giving large quantities of milk
exceedingly rich in butter globules. Here
and there a native American cow, by which
we mean unregistered stock that has been
bred for generations in the United States,
equals or excels the best of these breeds.
The keeping and treatment of stock for sev
eral generations have much to do in making
good milkers. A generous diet produces
blood, and the milk is made from the
blood.
FIR8T MARK.
Large milk veins are of the first import
ance, for if the canals that carry the materi-
Total.
..$60.02
Cr.
2,000 pounds feed in straw, 75
cents per 100 lbs 15.Q0
67 bu. threshed at 50c 33.50
The straw 5.00—$53.50
Total loss on oat crop $13.12
BARLEY—1 ACRE.
Plowing $1-50
Harrowing and sowing 50
1 bushel of seed 2.00
Threshing by hand 25
Total,
..$4-75
Cr.
3 bush, at $2.00 (did not graze) $6.00
Profit 11.76
IRISH POTATOES.
1 bushel seed $2.40
8 loads manure 4.00
Plowing, planting, hoeing and dig
ging the crop 2.00
Total $8.40
Cr.
2K bushels at $1.25 $3.12
Clear loss $5.28
ONION CROP
2 bushels seed $8.15
Plowing and bedding 1.50
8 loads manure 4.00
Hoeing Arst time 2.00
35 bushels of ashes at 10c 3.50
5 bushels of salt (dirty) 1.25
Sowing salt and ashes 50
7 days hoeing 2nd and 3d time 3.50
Replanting. ; 150
Plowing
Hoeing fourth time 1.00
Gathering 50
Total $28.15
Cr.
25 messes eat in family $2.50
6 bushels market price $1 6.00— 8.50
Clear loss .$10.85
Now these crops were as good as the aver
age for the State.
Mr. Hanlelter, of Griffin says his wheat
crop cost him $4.16% a bushel and he made
a handsome yield per acre.
Mr. Ennis in the Baldwin Countv Far
mer's Club made 107 6-32 bushels from one
acre, which cost as follows:
Plowing. $3.00
6 bushels for seed 6.00
250 bushels cotton seed 25.00
Hauling seed 5.00
Cutting and hauling 3.00
Carolina Spartan.
To the average Carolinian the above figures
are looked upon as being the out-crop of ex
travagance, that only the rich can revel in,
and that the purchaser has a prospect of
making money out of this enterprise is very
improbable. In order to show how the en
terprising Western breeder of beef cattle un
derstands and turns these high-priced bulls
into a profitable investment, we submit the
following Agures:
A vigorous, matured bull, of the above
breed, properly managed, would sire about
forty calves in one season. Their calves, if
their dams be thoroughbred, are enhanced in
value to the amount of at least $150 per
head, which would make the gross income
$6,000 for one year, or for two years’ service,
wo have $12,000 income. This pays first cost
of hull and leaves $2,000 to pay interest on
investment and feed, etc.
We may say that if the above plan works
out so well on a large scale, why not the
farmers practice this thing in a small way
and improve their stock. The average prices
for Jersey bull calves is from $50 to $150
cach.''»We have known a Jersey bull at the
age of 2 years to be the sire of 18 calves.
The ruling priec for service of this class of
hulls is $5. Tills bull, then, has brought in
$90 at the regular ciiarges; and as to the
value of half-bloods, I havo known half-
I blood Jersey heifers to sell for from $50 to
* $75 each, where, if they had not been half
Jerseys, they could not have been sold for
half, or possibly, not more than one-fonrth
the above figures. Just here the inquisitive
Jersey; her hide is golden and mellow, her
hair is like silk and glistens in the sun, her
udder and milk veins are wonderfully de-
eloped, and she has a first-class escutcheon.
She belons to a milking and butter family;
her mother made 18 pounds, her sisters each
made 18 pounds, and her daughter has made
16 pounds.
Mr. Hazard has bought for Mr. Fuller three
others and two calves of the same blood, for
one of which, Bella of Glencairn, the price
was $2,000. She gives 16 quarts of the rich
est milk with her first calf, and will be tested
for butter. Mr. Hazard 1ms also bought for
Sir. Fuller the Bull Lc Breve, son of Le*
Brocq’s Prize, a bull of which great tilings
may be expected, as his sire is very rich and
well formed; both have wonderfully extens
i vc escutcheons.
BERTHA MORGAN.
als from which the milk is made to the milk
glands, are small and contracted, the supply
of milk must be small correspondingly. But
if the veins which surround the udder be
large and distended, widening and varicose, a
blind man may be sure that the elements
for milk are at hand.
SECOND MARK.
Large milk glands, four in number, situ
ated in the four parts of the bag immediately
over the four teats, and corresponding with
them, furnishing to each its supply of milk.
'If these four glands which constitute the
four parts of the udder are large and well
developed it is because they have work to do.
The veins furnish the blood material, which
Uncle Robert’s little men situated in tiiese
glands, work up with astonishing rapidity
into that fluid nectar—milk.
The lacteal or milk veins of a good cow
stand out with much prominence on the
sides and under the belly as they approach
the udder, and show unmistakably the activ
ity of the gland in milk production during
the period of lactation. When not giving
milk a good judgment of the size of the
veins may be formed by putting the finger
into the holes where the veins sink into the
body, and judging of the veins by the size
of the holes.
THIRD MARK.
The posterior view. This relates to the
two rear milk glands and to the perimuuni
or turn of the hair which always grows up
wards for a greater or less distance from the
udder to the anus and vulviu- This is made
strikingly prominent and not without reason
in “Guenon’s system.”
Whenever the veins over the rear glands
are large, and distended with smooth and
glossy hair covering these glands, growing
upwards with a wide breadth entirely up to
the vulvie and by it, while the posterior
glands are much larger than the anterior
ones, you may be sure the cow is an excel
lent milker.
There are many other points of import
ance, but these three, well filled will satisfy
us, as they are invariably connected with
the others.
would like to know if the above advance
ment in price is gained in the way of fancy
or by merit. This we can answer in relating
tli actual performance of a Jersey cow we
have in mind by the name of “Florine of
Glcnneve,” (8035). This cow’s milk we have
tested several times, and found it to contain
nearly double the amount of cream, or but
ter, that was contained in the milk of tiie
common cow, taken under the same consid
erations as to quantity, During one year's
milking (these cows usually drop a calf in
side of every twelve months) this cow av
eraged—first OOjdays after calving, 4 gallons
per day, 360 gallons; next 00 days after calv
ing, 3K gallons per day, 210 gallons; next 60
days after calving, 3 gallons per day, 180
gallons; next 60 days after calving, 2'A gal
Ions per day, 150 gallons; 270 days’ milking,
900 gallons. This was an average of VA gal
lons per day. Wo sell sweet milk ut home
for 35 cents per gallon, which would give
$315. This cow's calves sell for an average of
about $125 when they arc 4 weeks old. Add
this to the value of the milk and you will
have $140 as the gross annual proceed of one
cow. Deduct, say, $100 for feed und atten
tion, and you will have $340 left for one
year. Interest on $1,000 the value of this
cow, $70, which leaves as net earnings for
one yeur, $270; or in less than 5 yeursshe
has made $1,000 net, or she pays a good per
cent, “every day and Sunday too." This
cow is more valuable than our former ne
groes at $1,000 each. J. C. Stkiiii.inu.
Ilcrlhn Morgan—Pure Jersey.
The cut on this page is a portrait of Bertha
Morgan, daughter of Patterson’s Beauty, by
Lopez. She was bred by John Patterson, of
Glencairn, Chester county, Pennsylvania,
and was selected by Willis P. Hazard, of
Westchester, to take the lead in the tine
herd of Valuncey E. Fuller, Esq., of Hainil
ton, Canada. She cost $2,500, und ruuks
now as about the fourth best cow in the
United States; she has made 10 pounds and
8 ounces of butter per week. She is in her
ninth year, and the engraving was made
from a photograph taken of her this year.
She is a very perfect specimen of the pure
1 The Patient Ox.”
A variety of causes havo led to the substi
tution of horses for oxen in different States
and territories. The introduction of labor
saving machinery, such as the mower,
tender, raker and loader in hay-making; the
use of the gang plow, seeder and harvester
in connection with grain-raising, and the
general employment of the planter and cul
tivator in the production of corn, have all
contributed to it. Farmers huve generally
endeavored to substitute the use of machine
ry for tiie labor of men, and havo also tried
to cultivate all the land possible. As the
time for seeding and harvesting is short in
most of the Northern States, the animals
were employed that could travel the fastest.
The introduction of the co-operative or com
mercial system in dairying lias also favored
the substitution of horses for oxen fordoing
farm work. Farmers who produced milk
wished to take it to the factory as quickly
as possible. The improved condition of the
roads in most parts of the country has also
favored the substitution of horses for oxen.
As logs are drawn farther than formerly,
and the roads are better, horses arc often
employed in pineries. Fashion has also had
much to do in disposing of oxen. One farmer
did not wish to use oxen while his neigh
bors employed horses. He feared that he
would be regarded as old-fashioned and be
hind the times. Besides many farmers
wished to combine pleasure with labor. They
were anxious to trot to town in good style on
Sundays and other days when work was not
driving on the farm. Tiie horse was wanted
for the road, and for that reason was prefer
red for the field. As a rule horses that were
good roadsters were preferred by farmers.
Good action under the saddle was preferred
to good work before the plow.
It is evident that the “ patient ox ” is an
unappreciated animal in most parts of the
country. He hns not a fair chance to show
his capabilities. He is not allowed to com
pete with the horse in doing those kinds of
work of which both are capable of perform
ing. Oxen arc much cheaper to keep than
horses. They require less protection and
less expensive food. Harness for horses is
expensive and short-lived, but a yoke costs
very little and will last a life-time. In most
parts of the country oxen ure not required to
be shod, but the shoeing of horses is a matter
requiring large expense. Oxen nro liable to
'fewer diseases and accidents than horses and
will stand exposure much better. An old
horse is of little value, and the time comes
when it is not worth anything. Suchf how
ever, is not the case with the ox. He can be
turned into a good pasture after plowing is
done in tiie spring, and before the approach
of cold weather will be in good condition
for the market. It is generally affirmed that
horses will do much more plowing than oxen
and that they travel much faster in the field.
If oxen are selected for speed, however, and
are of the sprightly breeds, as the Devons,
they will travel nearly if not quite os fast
before the cart or plow us the majority of
farm horses. If they arc fed as well the dif
ference in speed will be very slight. It is
also held to he true that an extra driver is
always required for oxen, while the plow
man can drive his own teum. Such is not
the fact, os experienced plowmen of the old
school very well know. If as much time is
spent with young steers as witli colts, the
former will plow os straight a furrow us the
lutter without the aid of an extru driver.
Not many years ago oxen could be found on
many farms in New England that would
plow without a driver and obey the word of
command.—Chicago Wines.
The fourth grand annual fair of the Dixie
Agricultural and Mechanical Association
will be held at Wadesboro, North Carolina,
in October next. The President und Secre
tary are progressive and working men.