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Survey o
OUR LAME JUDICIARY.
In addressing a mass meeting at New
Rochelle, N. Y., Attorney-General Wickersham,
speaking on "The Administration
of Federal Courts," outlined In a
popular way the fundamental principles
of government and especially the relation
of the Department of Justice to the
people in enforcement of the laws. "If
all men felt that a violation of the law
would he followed bv sneedv. rorf-nin
and appropriate punishment," he said,
"crime would greatly decrease in volume.
Our procedure is so technical and
cumbersome that it affords mnny opportunities
for escape from Justice. But
the Federal procedure is freer from this
reproach than that of most States. Undoubtedly
there has been in the past,
in the enforcement of both State and national
laws, far too much favoritism,
and political influence has too often interfered
witth the due and efTect've administration
of the law. But of late
years a greater attention on the part of
the public, which has been directed to
the administration of Justice, has led
to much more Impartial and vigorous
epforcemeut of law on both State and
Federal Courts.
WELCOME. ARIZONA.
With western simplicity, known elsewhere
in matters official as "Jeffersonian,"
Geogre W. P. Hunt was inaugurated
as the first State Governor of
Arizona at. Phoenix February 14. A few
hours earlier in the dav word had come
by telegraph from Washington that
President Taft hed signed tfce proclamation
admitting Arizona to the Union, the
last of the territories on continguous
soil, and the forty-eighth State. In the
ceremonies attendant upon the birth of
the State, and the induction into office
of its first executive, the military was
conspicuous hv Its absence, the new
Governor being averse to ostentation.
Accompanied hy a number of the newlv
elected State officers and a few close
11 iQii'i\njvBrnor nuiii, WHO OKunn me
In Arizona a quarter of a century ago
as a welter In a small mining camp
restaurant at Globe, walked to the
canitol bu'lding which stands about a
mile from the centre of the city. The
Inauguration ceremonies were brief.
The oath of owce wps administered bv
Ohlef Justice Edward Kent, of the Territorial
Snnreme Court, his last official
act In that capacity.
AN EXPENSIVE LUXURY,
From the battle of Manila Bay, May 1,
1898, until the beginning of the current
fiscal year of July 1, 1911, the
grand aggregate expenditure for the
support of the army and the maintenance
of the War Department was $1one
OAO too OZ fPhio nil + V? ^
oyu^JOjt^o.ou. jiiio tuvcio an iuc capenses
of the army and the expenditure
on river and harbor work, which is
done under the supervision of the
army, as well as the maintenance of the
general civil establishment of the War
Department, claims of one kind and an
other, and such things. It does not include
expenditures for the Panama
Canal, which the army is constructing,
or for pensions, which are handled by
.the Interior Department. This is the
amount in thirteen years and two
months out of appropriations aggregat
ing ez,izi,suu,uo3, avanaoie ior use uv
the War Department since Admiral
Dewey fired the "shot that was heard
'round thq world." The difference between
these two vast sums?$224.907,.
525?represents unexpended balances
covered back Into the Treasury, and the
live balances carried forward at the beginning
of the current fiscal year. There
was appropriated for the fiscal year
THE PRESBYTERI
<f Currer
1912, In addition, 1138,206,999. The battle
of Manila Bay was the half-way
point between the founding of the new
navy and the beginning of the current
fiscal year, and it will be surprising to
many students of the subject to know
that actual expenditures of the War Department
since 1898 have been $1,896,893,428.85,
as compared with actual appropriations
of $1,711,593,725.16 for the
navy since its founding in 1883. The
actual appropriations for the support of
the army and the maintenance of the
War Department from May 1, 1898 until
March 4, 1911, has aggregated $2,204,390,068.62.
AN EPOCHAL COUP.
The far-reaching effect of the sudden
co-operation of the United States and
Germany, in serving notice upon the
powers that they will demand the maintenance
of the open door in China, became
known when it was learned that
Germany acted as the first result of
confidential reports revealing covert
moblization of troops by Japan on the
Manchurian border. England, Russia,
and Japan, reported Involved In a situation
that might have resulted in the
partitioning of China, a sudden alliance
of Germany and America is believed to
have averted a crisis in Old World politics^
Diplomats are of the opinion that
the new situation is capable of producing
most extraordinary developments.
Just what effect it will have upon thp
foreign policy of England is one of the
questions seriously considered. Following
receipt of secret news that Japan
was massing troops on the Manchurian
border, it was believed here that if the
Mikado succeeded in seizing a large section
of Chinese territory, Great Britain,
with whom Japan has an offensive and
defensive alliance, would demand her
share. Russia and France, equally
hungry for territory and allies of England
in the entente, it was foreseen,
would next put in their claim. Count
Von Bernstorff immediately perceived
that Germany's vast commercial interests
in the Orient would be endangered
if Japan disregarded the policy of the
"open door." He conferrfed with Secre
iary of State Knox. Carefully worded
diplomatic notes were prepared at once
by Von Bernstorff and Knox, notifying
the other powers that the United States
and Germany Intended to guard their
"open door" policy. A reminder, in this
way, was conveyed to England and
France that they had previously indlcateded
they were in favor of a similar
Oriental policy. Soon after the powers
learned of the united stand, Germany
and America had taken, Japan withdrew
her troops.
ALLEGED DYNAMITERS ARRESTED.
The United States government has arrested
almost all of the fifty-four men
Indicted in the dynamite conspiracy
cases. It took into custody within a few
hours practically the entire official staff
of the International Association of
Bridge and Structural Iron Workers,
Including the chief officers, members of
the executive board, and about twenty
business agents and former business
agents. Each of these men was required
to give $10,000 bond for his appearance
for formal arraignment with all
the other defendants on March 12. More
than forty of the men, chiefly labor
un'on officials who are charged with
conspiring to destroy by dynamite or
nltro-glycerlne the property of employers
of non-union labor, were under arrest
and others are being rapidly apprehended.
Later specific charges that
the dynamite conspiracy was conducted
AN OF THE SOUTH
it Events
with full knowledge of members of the
executive board of the International Association
of Bridge and Structural Iron
Workers, including President Frank M.
Ryan; that the whole conspiracy, extending
over years, was recorded on
paper, and that Ortle E. McManigal, the
confessed dynamiter, was shifted shuttle-like
over the country on missions of
destruction, were made public by District
Attorney Charles W. Miller, who
declares that a regular system of pointing
out non-union steel and iron construction
jobs was carried on, and that
the executive members not nnlv mn
tributed money to buy explosives, but
assisted in tbe work which McManigal
was to do. The basis of all the charges
lies chiefly in 40,000 letters and telecrams
taken from the iron workers' international
headquarters. These letters
purport to be between Ryan, Hockln,
Webb, and various other officials and
business agents.
AMERICA'S MONEY SPONGES.
It is stated that 'Mr. J. P. Morgan,
with his financial associates, controls
sixteen per cent of the estimated wealth
of the United States. This groun of
magnates represents from seventeen to
twenty billions of dollars. Names of the
group and estimated wealth of each
follow:
George F. Baker, $5,000,000,000
Norman B. Ream 1,000,000,000
John F. Dryden 500,000,000
Daniel G. Reed 800,000,000
'Henry Walters, 750,000,000
Henry C. Frlck 2,000,000.000
Perclval Roberts, Jr 40,000,000
Henry Phlpps, 35,000,000
P. A. B. Waldener 225,000,000
E. C. Converse 360,000,000
Elbert H. Gray 550,000,000
J. H. Reed 150,000,000
C. A. Grlscom, 145,000,000
Nathaniel Thayer, 225,000,000
Robert Winsor 320.000,000
Samuel Mather 162,000,000
John P. Morgan, Jr., 450,000,000
George W. Perkins, 150,000,000
Charles Steele, 625,000,000
Henry P. Davison, 250,000,000
James A. Farrell 50,000,000
E. T. Stotesbury 325,000,000
W. P. Hamilton 30,000.000
A. E. Newbold 150,000,000
fleorge S. Bowdoin, 150,000,000
XEW TREATY WITH RUSSIA.
Negotiations will soon begin for a new
treaty with Russia to replace the convention
of 1832, recently abrogated, the
operation of which will expire at the
end of the present year. Preliminary exchanges
have encouraged the belief that
any feeling which may have resulted
from the denunciation of the old treaty
have so far abated as to justify an effort
to replace It Aside from the sentimental
considerations which led the United
States and Russia to view with disapproval
the wiping out of all trentv tipn
commercial and maritime interests
which would be greatly injured by a
tariff war have fcten quietly moving to
bring about the construction of a new
treaty. It practically has been decided
that as soon as Secretary Knox returns
to Washington from his visit to Central
America, South America and the West
Indies, negotiations for a new treaty
will be formally initiated. An effort will
be made to construct the new treaty so
that it shall be a model in the framing
of International agreements for the
SEE0S1
JOHN A. afrCZCR
.
[ February 21, 1912
regulation of trad* and comm*rc*. Th*
real difficulty is expected to be encount.
ored In drafting a substitute for the
article In the existing treaty regarding
rights of travel and residence, which Involves
the troublesome pasBport question.
?
THE CHINESE REPUBLIC.
An edict of abdication of the Chinese
throne has been announced by Yuan Shi
Kai, the prime minister, who had held
the imperial order more than a week
In his possession. The premier had
been notified that he should not make
the edict public until he was satisfied
he had enough Chinese soldiers in the
capital to protect the royal family from
a section of the Manchus. In the edict,
the word abdication was carefully
omitted. It was simply stated that the
imperial family had decided to discontinue
exercising governmental powers
and would confine its future efforts
merely to religious matters. Later
President Sun, of the provisional republic,
voluntarily resigned and Yuan
Shi Kal was elected president, having
been endorsed by President Sun as eminently
canahlft and lnvnl trv tho
- ? ? ?
ubllc.
MOROCCO VENEERED.
M. Picbon, ex-Minister of Foreign
Affairs, discussing the Franco-German
agreement in the French Senate, delivered
a criticism of the treaty, the
ratification of which he declared he
would not vote for. He described it as
a bad bargain for France, which, in exchange
for the gravest sacrifices, had
got 'Morocco, but so heavily mortgaged
as to be of little use. He took the
gloomiest view of the future and feared
that the protectorate in Morocco would
prove more costly in men and money
than calculated upon at present. The
chance in the Moroccsn policy, continued
M. Pichon, is subjecting the existing
relations between the great powers
to a severe strain. He was sure
that Premier Poincare's great aim was
the preservation of peace, but he feared
that the problems arising out of recent
events would prove an excessively heavy
burden for the countrv, whose strength
would be diminished by the dissemination
of its forces in Africa. The first
duty of the nation, said the ex-Foreign
Minister, was to strengthen in every way
its alliances and friendships, for. he added,
"we are far from be'ng safe from
tempests. We must take heed of disquieting
rumors which reach us and
keep up our military strength, supporting
it with diplomacy, so that we may
not he at the mercy of every wind."
ITALIAN AND TURK.
Several times lately reports have
been given to the world that peace .
terms are about to be made between
Italy and Turkey and the war brought
to a speedy termination. It is now
stated that there is no ground for such
reports. The Turkish policy is to stand
firm and strengthen her defences until
Italy makes a definite proposal?a proposal
which must not include the occupation
of Tripoli by Ttaly. Anxious
as commercial Turkey Is for the war to
come to an end. there is Tin me*.? in.
tentlon In business circles than In government
offices to consent to any terms
short of the Italian withdrawal from
Tripoli, and the Turks are determined
to continue the war until the very end,
until, that Is, they are compelled to give
In owing either to a lack of munitions
of war or to the overwhelming power of
superior numbers.
tact power* of pedigree term A T 2
I tardea eeeds (a the world? #% I 9
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PotalSH, Bead Corn, ato, Wa buahali par acre,
id only pedigree heavyjrleid-i ynu can beat
atacka. CATALOOUB AiXZ* Why Mt try In 1911
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