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SOME MONROE DOCTRINE.
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It knows regarding the efforts of an
American syndicate to sell the lands
surrounding Magdalena Bay to Japanese
interests, the officials declare that it 1b
now up to Congress to make any
changes in the well defined policy that
has governed the executive branch in its
construction of the meaning of the Monroe
Doctrine. The department takes the
ground that it has not failed In the
past to apply promptly the riocJrina as
It saw fit, to meet the issues raised in
every particular instance. But it has
never undertaken to define that doctrine
exactly, as a general principle of International
law, a long line of Secretaries
of State holding it the part of
wisdom to allow the principle a certain
degree of flexibility to meet the developments
of each generation. Thus, it is re
called that when Secretary Knox was
urged by the promoters of the sale of
the Magdalena Bay lands to place the
government on record as approving or
disapproving the project he declined to
do so. The opinion being officially en-#
tertained that the Japanese government
has no purpose of seeking to control
Magdalena Bay. at present at least, the
action of the Senate Committee on Foreign
Relations at this time, when there
appeared to be no tangible issue in sight,
haB strengthened tihe suspicion felt in
some quarters that the real target of
the Senate resolution is not Japan, but
one of the great European powers,
which has been advancing with giant
strides to a ranking place among the
great maritime forces of the world. As
a necessary part of the extension of its
various steamship lines into the seven
seas, that nation has acquired privileges
at various ports for coaline its merchant
ships. It is true that nowhere does
that government figure as the titular
owner of the coal walls and coal piles,
some of which are located in the Western
Hemisphere. But these coaling facilities
are owned by mercantile lines,
which are generally subsidized so that
the ships are available as part of the
naval force of the government in case
of war.
TO CUT THE OORDIAN KNOT.
The honorable lawmakers and diplomats
of the great American Republic
having discovered at the eleventh hour
that they had voted about four hundred
millions of dollars for a canal whose
benefits the said United States world
have the privilege of sharing equally
with all the nations of the earth, the
Bald lawmnVftfc a ra. cactlno oKr.,.* In
find somebody who will help them turn
the bear loose. Hannls Taylor, diplomat
and authority on constitutional
law, points out at long range a possible
avenue of escape in a discussion of the
Panama Canal and the Hay-JPauncefote
treaty. It is the opinion of Mr. Taylor
tbat the treaty contemplated the building
of a canal in territory foreign to the
United States, and that the subsequent
transfer of the Canal Zone to the United
States, under perpetual lease, which is
tantamount, he says, to actual ownership,
made an essential change in the
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treaty was based, by insuring that the
canal would be built on American soil.
The Hay-Paunceforte treaty provides
that the canal is to be neutral, and that
all nations who com.ply with the rules
and regulations governing use of the
canal are to h?"e equal treatment In
the use of the same. In other words,
as Mr. Taylor sees the situation, the
United States was virtually made a
trustee for all the rest of the world in
THE PRESBYTER1
>/ Currer,
the construction and operation of a
canal in a country which was unable to
build it. But when the United States
assumed virtual sovereignty over the
Canal Zone, Mr. Taylor contends that
the building and operation of the canal
became a matter of purely domestic
concern, with which neither Great
Britain nor any other nation had any
direct interest. In other words, if Mr.
Taylor is right, there would have been
no need for a treaty if the Canal Zone
had always been the property of this
country. In view of all these facts, Mr.
Taylor proposed that the Hay-Pauncefote
treaty become voidable, and be referred
to the diplomatic authorities of
the two governments for such modifications
as may be proper, or for abrogation
should that be preferable.
SWINDLERS USE UNCLE SAM.
One hundred and twenty million dollars
was taken from the American people
during the last fiscal year by fraud
ulent schemes operated largely through
the United States mails, according to a
formal report to Postmaster-General
Hitchcock. This was an increase of approximately
$50,000,000 in the aggregate
of the previous year. Of those who are
alleged to have operated' the fraudulent
schemes, 1,063 were arrested by postmaster
inspectors. They include persons
in all walks of life. During the
year which ended June 30 last, 462 persons
were convicted and sentenced and
571 cases are awaiting final disposition.
Postmaster-General Hitchcock's order
to inspectors to collect evidence that
would warrant criminal prosecution of
swindlers is gradually building a wall
of protection against such frauds
around the American people. Before the
issuance of that order the only punishment
was a fraud order forbidding the
delivery of mail to such operators, who
worried but little. They merely chang-*
ed their names, addresses and titles of
their "businesses," continuing their
operations until another fraud order
caught up with them.
A RATE RAISE ON LUXURIES. <
Raise the freight rates on the luxuries
so that the railroads of the country
can pay higher wages to their employees
is the proposition advanced in
a resolution which Representative Ernest
W. Roberts of Massachusetts introduced
In the 'House. This would apply
the reasoning used in the framing of tariff
hills to railroad rates. If the railroads
cannot, as they claim, pay higher wages
to their workers because their revenues
are not great enough, Mt. Roberts would
increase the revenues by increasing the
freight rates on those articles regarded
as the non-essentials of life. That is
what is done when a tariff bill is framed
?low rates are applied to the necessaries
and high rates to the luxuries of
life. The resolution. In full, follows:
"Whereas, owing to Increased cost of
living certain classes of railroad employees
have demanded Increased
wages; W'hereas, these demands have
been largely refused by the officials of
the railroads on the ground that the
earnings of the road did not warrant th.
Increased expense; Resolved, the Interstate
commerce commission Is request
ed to institute a thorough investigation
of the freight rates charged by common
carriers engaged in interstate commerce
on all articles commonly classed ps
luxuries and non-essentials of life, with
a view of subsequently raising the rates
on such articles to a point where the
earnings of said common carriers will
allow the payment of a Just and equitable
wage to their employees."
* -
AW OF f HI SOUTH
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PACKERS GET OFF EASY.
Attorney-General Wickersham recently
accepted Informally the dissolution
of the beef trust with the understanding
that the terms of the dissolution
should later be presented to him formally
for approval. The department of
justice will not institute the suit that
was contemplated. When District Attorney
Wilkerson and Ralph Crews, attorney
for the packers conferred with
the attorney-general, Mr. Wickersham
Informed Mr. Crews that he would aD
prove nothing but an actual disintegration
of the National Packing Company,
through which the beef trust has operated.
Mr. Crews submitted a memorandum
showing the apportionment of
StiO.OOO.OOO properties of the National
Company to Armour, Swift and Morris.
The attorney-general expressed satisfaction
with the plan as informally presented.
He did not, however, pass final
judgment but asked Mr. Crews to present
the dissolution provisions in a
formal document.
THE SAME OLD STORY.
Commenting on the recent disaster
on one of the very best managed and
equipped railroads in the world. Leslie's
Weekly says: "Is It possible that forty
persons were killed and sivtv u<8no (o.
ly injured by the accident on the Lackawanna
Railroad because an engineer
drank too much on the Fourth of July?
The testimony to that* effect, at the
coroner's inquest, seems almost incredible.
The Lackawanna has gene along
for nearly half a century without a
fatality. Its servative, and its equipment
Included every device for the
safety of its passengers. All safety devices
on any railroad or in any factory
or private home would be of no avail if
at the throttle of the engine of the
establishment were the trembling hand
of a man addicted to drink. We need not
dwell on the moral lesson!"
A WIRELESS CONTENTION.
An international conference on wireless
telegraphy was held in London in
July. Among the numerous questions
discussed at the 28 meetings which have
been held, the international radio-telegraphic
convention as well as the regulations
for the exchanges between ships
and the shore by means of wireiona
telegraphy have been advised, and the
amended form of the regulations has
been signed by the 30 delegates representing
various countries at the conference.
A resolution, proposed bv the
British delegation, to the effect that certain
classes of vessels must be compelled
to carry an equipment of wireless
telegraphy, was passed unanimously.
New proposals were also accepted designed
to render ttiore effective the service
of wireless telegraphy In the event
of assistance being required by vessels
at sea, and, In order to provide that the
necessary power may always be available.
it has been decided that an auxiliary
source of power for the working of
the wireleSB telegraphy apparatus must
be available, and that this additional
source must provide power which will
be available for at least six hours after
the engines of the ship have stopped
working. It has been decided also that
on certain vessels wireless telegraphy
Atlantic Col'leg
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PASSING OF JAPAN'S EMPEROR.
Mutsuhito, for forty-four years Emperor
of Japan, died July 30. Yoshlhlto,
Haru-iNo-Mlya reigns In his stead under
the formula provided by the constitution
promulgated by Mutsuhito, "the
King is dead, long live the King."
Mutsuhito, who was the 121st Emperor
of Japan, passed gently away. He had
been unconscious for many hours prior
to his death, and the 'Empress, the
Crown Prince and the most important
oflicials of the household and govern
uicui were ai me ueasiae. More ttian
20,000 subjects silently paid their last
homage outside the palace gates. It
was a marvelous scene wihen messengers
silently mingled with the crowds
and scattered the posted announcements
of the Emperor's death. Deep emotion
swept the multitude, but there was no
evidence of excitement. The only sound
was a long-drawn sigh of sorrow.
Within the palace the death was communicated
to the waiting Imperial
Princes and notabilities, whereupon
without delay the accession ceremonies
were begun at the Imperial sanctuary at
1 o'clock. The shrine was decorated ac
cording to the Shinto rites. Prince
Iwakura, the chief ritualist, officiated,
laying the offering on the sacred altar.
He was assisted by a subordinate, who
rang a bell while the offerings were being
placed. The oath was read in the
presence of the ministers of state and
other dignitaries.
JAPAN GOES SOFTLY.
The visit of Prince Katsura and his
suite to Europe, has given rise to considerable
comment. The announcement
of his departure from Japan came as a
great surprise to the inhabitants of
Tokio, his pending trip being announced
in a short paragraph published in the
press. As is usual on the occasion of
any prominent minister traveling
abroad, various reasons are assigned for
the journey. In some quarters it is
maintained that the object of the prince
in visiting St. Petersburg is to further
srrengmen tne already friendly relations
between his country and Russia,
whilst, on the other hand, It is declared
that the mission of the prince Is to
render still more effective the AngloJapanese
alliance. Although it has been
stated that Prince Katsura has decided
to travel in Europe merely for his own
pleasure, it may safely be said that he
is engaged In missions of a more or less
important nature. He will visit England
before returning to the Orient and
it is quite possible that he will feel the
British pulse on the subject of concert
of action in relation to the integrity of
the Chinese empire.
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