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September 4, 1912] THE ]
The l'ourth on the Nottoway called Brunswick
another title of the King.
Seven years pass. England has her second
George and Virginia had a new governor, William
Gooch. Two new counties are formed,
Caroline for George's able and ambitious queen
and Goochland, a compliment paid the new
governor as soon as he arrived.
The large family of George and Caroline was
well remembered by the burgesses at Williamsburg
when they cut their vast empire into
counties. No family was ever more prodigally
handed down to posterity in such fashion.
Lunenburg, another German title, is separated
iroiii Brunswick. Brince William, Duke of
Cumberland, the king's second son, has two
i<nnnt ipfi ?b Ilia ninmnriol 4-U^.s
v ,.T mmi u>vmvi AUlj uuu iUUiC IUUU til at
u lofty range of mountains, a broad and beautiful
western river, and counties and cities in
other States and even a branch of the Presbyterian
Church comes in time (such is the
irony of history) to bear the name and title
of this cruel and drunken prince. To be sure
the connection is very remote. The mountains
were called for the duke after his bloody victory
at Culloden, and the river was called from
the mountain range, and the Presbytery was
called from the river and the church took the
name of the Presbytery after it had been dissolved.
Prince William County was so called
while the duke was yet only a child. Cumberland
was named for him after his victory over
the Young Pretender, Charles Edward Stuart.
The citizens of the little borough of Norfolk
held a great jubilee to commemorate that same
victory, burned the pretender in effigy, and
named an important street Cumberland.
Amelia, a daughter of the king is next honored,
then Anne, Princess of Orange, on the
occasion of her marriage with the young prince
of that famous Dutch family. When Orange
was organized its dimensions were vast indeed,
but Orange is destined to become one of tho
smaller tribes. After four years all the vast
territory west of the Blue Ridge now filling
rapidly with Scotch-Irish and Germans from
Pennsylvania was cut from Orange and divided
into two parts called Frederick and Augus
ta. Frederick, Prince of Wales, son of the second
and father of the third George. Augusta
was his mild and amiable wife. Fredericksburg
also bears the name of the same prince.
Louisa, still another daughter of the king
is next remembered.
Fairfax lying opposite the future city of
Washington is now formed. The name calls to
mind the long story of the granting of a vast
region, one-fourth of the whole colony of Virginia
by Charles II. to Lord Culpeper, grandfather
of Sir Thomas, the Lord Fairfax. Even
in the loose times of King Charles this graft
Was A HPftnrltil T.a?/1 *1 '
-J ? ^uiu lOUlOA, UUU Ui. I lie most
picturesque figures that entered the romantic
history of Virginia, came to the colony and
made his home at Greenway Court near Winchaster.
He was a great friend of young Washington.
Although an ardent Tory the aged nobleman
was unmolested through the bitter and
trying days of the Revolution.
Southampton County was formed to the soutli
of Isle of Wight in 1748. Henry Wriothesley,
Earl of Southampton, is now best known to
fame as the patron of Shakespere. To him the
great poet dedicated Venus and Adonis. He
was treasurer of the London Company until its
dissolution in 1624. When the first colonists
reached Old Point Comfort there spread before
them one of the largest, deepest and most
peaceful harbors in all the world. It was formed
by the wide, tidal estuaries of the James,
Nansemond and Elizabeth rivers and yet was
(Continued on page 5.)
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*
PRESBYTERIAN OF THE SO
The Significance of In
Citizanship an
BY JUAN OBTS
(Continued irorn last issue.;
A nation is not made up oi rivers, mountains
and fertile tracts of land, nor does it
consist only in crowds and multitudes. A nation
never really exists until you have a collective
conscience, a collective set of ideals and
sentiments cherished alike by a group large or
4.1 mn 11 a4-' % v* A U ?? J ' 1 1
wuau ui iiiuiviuuais, Liitju, auu umy men, you
have a nation, a true nation. Until that collective
conscience in ideals and sentiments appears,
you may have a multitude, you may
have a big crowd, you may have a mercantile
society, you may even have a numerous army,
but you do not haVe a nation, i do not insist
upon this subject because it is the A, B, C
of sociological science. 1 never have read any
important books on this topic which does not
say the same. They may word this doctrine
in different ways, they may assume different
modes of expression, but at bottom you will
see how they all agree in stating that the main
fact in the existence of any nation is a collective
conscience looking to the same ideals and
asDirations Now Aan !?? ? i?
4 , vuvu, UO.V1 WIG IVIGIKUCIO UC"
coiniiig part of the collective American conscience?
Do they cherish the same American
iHeals and partake of the same American aspirations
which constitute the soul, the
strength and the character of the American
nation? It was so thirty or forty years ago.
Then the foreigner was not only of a like
civilization and religion, but also was surrounded
nolens-volens by sturdy American influence,
by strong American environment,
then the foreigners was not only from a
and foreign societies. Then there did hot
exist little Italy, little liussia, little Poland in
our midst. Then the foreigner heard constantly
English speech, ate American food,
dressed according to American fashions. Then
he was compelled to express his wishes in English,
to buy and sell always speaking English,
to read newspapers printed in English, to attend
schools, where English only was spoken.
But today the foreigner is surrounded in
America from the very beginning by a very
strong foreign influence and environment.
Eighty per cent, of the foreigners go to the
large cities and to their native and congested
quarters. There they hear a foreign language;
there they always speak and think and act,
not according to American ways, but accord
ing to the worst ways of his own country, because
there he finds the worst types of degradation
from his own land and nation.
He will become a member of a foreign club,
eat foreign food, read papers printed in a foreign
language, in a word, the foreign element
constitutes a foreign nation within the American
nation. I
Every one who has visited the foreign quarters
of our largest cities, as I have done,
knows that I do not exaggerate. I have learned
from very reliable sources that there are adults
who have remained in this country for more
than fourteen years without learning or speak
lug a wora or Jfonglish, without riding on or
even seeing once an electric car.
I ask again, can the foreigner with such environment
from part of the collective American
conscience and partake of the collective
American ideals and aspirations.
Worse than that, a great many times the only
American influence the foreigner is in touch
with will rather degrade than uplift him. He
is often located in quarters where the most
tJ T H (1009) 3
imigration to American
d Christianity
GONZALEZ.
uisrepuiuole houses are established j lie sees
usuaiiy only the American drunkard and the
.American gambler, lie sees only the uuworluy
American woman; he sees the most awiul
vices, scandals and shame.
.brethren, allow me to he irauk. 1 have
done missionary work for two summers in Texas,
and l could not visit many Mexicans in
their nomes, because they are practically compelled
to live in such streets and surrounded
uy sucu uisrepuiauie nouses mat 1 was air aid
Catholics would Have discredited me lor visiting
sucii quarters, i remember once 1 could
not convince a Mexican lady oi some means
and education tiiat tiiere was such a thing as
u pure American girl and worthy American
ladies. She became almost scandalized when
i told her that 1 knew a great many of them in
whose purity and honesty 1 would trust as 1
do with my o^vn mother and sisters. Alter all
i do not blame her very much. She had seen
uay alter day, month alter month, year alter
year, only the American harlot.
Jbesides this awiul and degrading immorality,
the ioreigner will come in contact with
otner things which will leave him with an entu-ely
erroneous impression about America and
will unlit him absolutely lor becoming a good
citizen. He will meet as a laborer only with
the most cruel bosses, who will value him only
as a machine, only as a mechanical tool. He
will see that they treat him worse than a dog
and his lile or death will not be taken into
any account whatever, except and in so lar
as he is uselul and productive to them as a
working machine. He will see the political
bosses wish only to degrade him by bribing
liim ? * -- * * * *
mm. xy ui 111^ LilC UitJCLlOUL CUUipdl^llS 116 WULi
receive an ineffaceable impression of American
venality and will form the opinion that
there is no such thing in American citizenship
as right and wrong, but that all social questions
ought to be settled as a good business
bargain. The consequence of such demoralizing
inliuence is that the foreigner comes to
believe that the whole social fabric in American
life consists in political bosses and money
trusts, and they despise and even hate the
Aonerican nation with all their might. They
organize themselves into socialists and anarchists
to destroy the government of the United
States.
Oh, brethren! do not believe that I exaggerate.
1 have seen more than once Protestant
foreigners and even ministers and elders of an
evangelical church, who gave utterance to expressions
like the following: "I would give
my life if by such a sacrifice 1 could destroy
America!''
There are yet worse things which I can not
speak of except very briefly. Foreigners have
lowered the average type of American life and
they 'have facilitated monopoly by the trusts.
Besides this, another thing which is of very
great importance, they have reduced a great
deal the power of reproduction among the
average native Americans, while their own
power of reproduction has increased. I have "
been reading the most reliable statistics and
?iabements on tins subject and I have found
that it is a plain fact that where the foreigner
becomes predominant the native American
loses gradually his power of reproduction,
while the foreigner increases his own. The
true explanation is that the economic condi(Continued
on page 5.)