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2 (1104) THE j
ponded upon to take up the idea aud to incorporate
it into the regular machinery oi goveu*
mental administration. The Church, lor instance,
founded the hrst schools for popular education,
states have come almost universally to
see the wisdom and value of the idea and have
adopted it as a settled policy of government,
making popular education a regular charge upon
the revenues of the commonwealth. The hrst
hospitals were Church hospitals, now in most
^ivniica uouimumiies nospitais are supported by
the people through the government and the
Church has been relieved of the burden of financial
and administrative responsibility for a large
part of this noble and Christlike service. JSo
with many more things of like nature and importance.
The Church of Jesus Christ was the first
real champion of civil and religious liberty; it
took the lead in the abolition of polygamy, the
cun-euuuii ox many ax tue evils ot divorce, the
abolition of slavery, and the like. The world
does not always give the Church thie credit due
her in this regard, partly through hostility to
the Church and religion, partly through ignor
f-ance of the true facts of the case. Even Christian
people do not always know how much the
world owes for those things that are noblest and
best in our modern civilization to the initiative
and inspiration of the Church. These facts
ought to be known and preached more constantly.
If the problems of capital and labor, child
labor, sanitary housing, temperance, graftless
governments and the like, are ever to be satisfactorily
solved it must he done through the reiterated
testimony of the Church as to the Christian
's obilgation in view of the fundamental
principles involved. She cannot flee to any spiritual
Arabia and avoid facing her social responsibilities
and duties, She should W on nf
the world either within or without her pale deter
her from meeting in the spirit of her Lord every
problem of individual or social morality that
Providence brings to her attention. To this end
was she ordained, and for this has she been preserved
in the world. She can fulfil this mission
the more effectively no doubt by remaining aloof,
as a Church, from the excitements of the hustings
or the party caucus; she would better no doubt
remain silent and withhold her admonitions
when men's minds are too much inflamed by
reason of partisanship or passion to listen to the
dictates of reason; but biding her time till the
propitious moment comes and men can be persuaded
to listen, let her speak her message from
the Lord boldly, lovingly, patiently, with faith
in her heart and potency in her words. If need
be let her march round till seven times seventy
times have passed, the let her shout the Lord's,
battle cry and the walls of the ancient immoralities
shall crumble and fall down flat, "For I,
the Lord, have spoken it."
Jacksonville, Florida.
In teaching, giving and taking are essential.
The real teacher may be doing the giving, but
the result is always with the pupil, and if there
has been no taking, there has been no teaching.
?Prof. John Adams.
DL. -4-1- ' * ~
jlue tilings pertaining to Uod are much more
important than the things pertaining to men,
for they are the things which concern your soul,
which is immortal ... In the things pertaining
to this life, a man can to a certain extent
manage for himself if he likes. But the
things pertaining to God, no man can handle
properly himself. You can not be your own
saviour. You can not forgive your own sins.
You can not blot out one single sin that is set
down against you, and one unforgiven sin is
enough to destroy your soul forever.?F. S. "Webster.
_ - \i
E?fc*8BYT?fclAN OF V? H E 80
The Story of Na
Rev. W. H. 1
The western tide of settlement for a full century
followed the southern bank of the Potomac
river, while the pioneers seemed to shun
the middle and southern lands in the colony.
This was due no doubt to the proximity of
the settlements of Maryland and Pennsylvania,
which were constantly creeping westward,
and which formed a strong bulwalk against the
Indians. At the outbreak of the trench and
Indian War, Winchester was a thriving village
and the hardy pioneers had planted themselves
farther still along the upland valleys.
But Braddock's defeat and the disasters of
the French War turned the incoming current
southward. Until the Revolution the settlements
thickened to the south and southwest
of the colony, hive new counties were organized
in the three years 1752-4, namely, Dinwiddie,
Halifax, Bedford, Brince Edward and
Sussex, every one of them south of the James.
Dinwiddie received its name from Robert
Diiiwiddie, another Scotchman, who was sent
over to succeed Gov. Gooch. Petersburg was
and is its chief city. The founding and naming
of Petersburg and Richmond reads like a
veritable romance. Col. William Byrd, of
Westover, is one of the most unique and interesting
characters in all colonial history. In
his own inimitable way he tells how he and
his friend, Peter Jones, on a long journey to
the Roanoke river in 1733, conceived the plan
of establishing two cities, one at the falls of
the James and the other at the falls of the
Appomattox, at "places naturally intended for
marts." Incidentally, the congenial travellers
had an eye to the main chance, for one of them
owned all the real estate at the one "mart,"
and the other at the other.
Col. Byrd and Richmond took the lead,
which that city has retained ever since. In
1742, two years before Col. Byrd's death, the
future metropolis was laid out on the land to
the south and east of Capital square. A real
or fancied resemblance between this site on
the James and the situation of Richmond on
the Thames ju??c above London suggested the
beautiful name which is redolent of English
history.
When Henry XII was firmly seated on his
throne, after the death of Richard III., whom
he had defeated at Bosworth Field in 1585, he
laid out the London suburb and called it Richmond.
Ilis mother was the Countess of Richmond,
and he had been Henry of Richmond
before he won the crown and married his wife,
Elizabeth Plantagenet, who had a far better
claim to the throne than he. But Henry of
Richmond was*the last leader of the Red Rose
host as Elizabeth, his wife, was the last heiress
of the White Rose host, and so this marriage,
while not a particularly happy one from
a domestic, proved a most happy one from a
political standpoint. The original Richmond,
which had given the name to Henry's family,
was a strong feudal castle in Yorkshire on
the banks of the little river Swale. The castle
was perched upon the summit of a rick and
was impregnable in medieval times. When
the Conqueror came in, this Richmond Castle
was Held by a Saxon earl, Edwin, from whom,
of course, it was taken without coyemony and
handed over to a strong old rogue, Alan the
Red. Whether the color refers to the shade
of his beard or the blood on his hands the record
does not state.
Obviously, Col. Byrd could not. have selected
a more thoroughly English name. And if
? U T H [ October 2, 1912
mes in Virginia
\ SQUIRES
the prosperous aud wealthy city on the James
has not an emblem already it could not do better
than adopt the red rose of Lancaster, ami
thus make its record historically consistent
from the days of the Plantagenets. No city in
America has a better opportunity to connect
itself with a romantic past.
Virginia has a Richmond county, too, formed
from old Rappahannock, iu 1U92. This
county was named for Charles Lennox, the
son of Charles 11. and the Duchess of Portsmouth,
whom his royal father made Duke of
Richmond. Richmond was very popular in
England at the time the county was named.
The Richmond of his title was, of course, taken
from the castle in Yorkshire.
Peter Jones did not move so rapidly as did
his friend, Col. Byrd, so Petersburg arrived six
years behind Richmond. In 1718, the twin
towns of Petersburg and Blandford were
formed; the former to the west and on the
lauds of Peter Jones; the latter on the lands
of John Bollincr. Thirtv-siv vphpo lator
O 4 j *wvv* * VtCiOburg
was incorporated and included Blandford,
Pocahontas and liavenseroft, three villages
near by. It would seem unfortunate for
euphonic reasons that one of the other names
was hot given to the new city. But'whether
fittest to survive or not the name of Peter
Jones did survive.
Halifax county took the name of the President
of the Board of Trade and Plantations,
the second Earl of Halifax. Tho well-known
seaport in Nova Scotia was given his title a
few years before, and a county in North Carolina
a few years later. But a better name
could easily have been found to honor. The
mantle of charity must be used generously in
speaking of the lordly earl. He was the uncle
of that Lord North, whose name became
an infamy in the colonies later. The earls of
Halifax drew their titles from a beautiful district
also in Yorkshire.
Bedford immediately followed Halifax. John
Rnoooll iU 1V.1-- t> -r* "...
xouoacii, tnc iuunii jjime 01 iseaiord, Was H
secretary of state just before the county was
erected. He was another of the politicians of
the unhallowed reign of the third George. If
the mantle of charity has not been worn threadbare
by the earl of Halifax above, it may well
be borrowed for the Duke of Bedford. The
best thing that we can record of him is that
he earnestly sought for and helped to obtain
the peace that closed the dreadful French and
Indian War. The title of the duke was taken
from one of the smallest of the midland slhires
of England.
With the naming of Prince Edward, the
Burgesses returned to their long habit. Edward
was the second son of Frederick and Aur>-:
?J TV-; ? -m- 1 ?
guoia, mc t nucB aiia .rriiicess oi w aies.
George, afterwards the Third, was the eldest
son, but there is surely no more room in
this loyal colony for another George. So the
honor is passed to Prince Edward. In the
next generation the Presbyterians of Prince
Edward will establish their college and call it
Hampden-Sidney, and by 'so doing they will
look back a full century and more to pick the
names of two patriots, who dared to stand for
the rights of a people against bishops and
kings. Hampden-Sidney is the only place in
Virginia that has taken a name from that glorious
chapter of the English struggle for liberty
that we call the Cromwellian period.
Sussex lies south of Surry, in Virginia, as
in England, a fact which suggested its name.
Norfolk, Va.
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