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JOSEPH S. BAKER— Editor. VOL. XII. TERMS PER ANNUM. The Christian Index, published on Fridav in each week, (except two in the year), will be furnished to each subscriber at $2 50 cents, in advance; or S3 it not paid within the year. T , 1 Post-Masters, where the Index is taken, are re pies ted to forward remittances for subscribers at their respective offices, according to a decision ot the Post-Master General as to their right to do so. All pa trons and agents are requested to notice tins. Every Wilt (and all Baptist Ministers are particularly solicited to become agents) who oroenre and pay for five copies ol the Index, shall he entitled to a sixth, us u com pensation for his trouble. I,otters on business, or communications, must be addressed to the Editor , pout.paid. Advertisements may be inserted oil usual tinns, at the discretion of the Editor. For the Christian Index. Slavery.—No. H. !l. Docs slavery oppose the leign ol law and order ! 1 should like much to enter a! large into this part of the subject, if 1 could command the leisure, and did I not suppose that the reader is tired ol the subject by this time. It would be no difficult mailer, by a com parison of our condition with that ol the iioil-s'lavcholding fctales ui lilis coaled, tacy, as well as by argument, to show, that no .stale of society is so well adapted to the preservation of public order, as thatol which ■slavery is a component part. Under pres ent circumstances, 1 shall not be übie to in siitute an extende l inquiry into the pecuhai iniluenees that operate to the subversion ol law and order in the non-slaveholdiugStates l can do but little more than to suggest a few considerations, that show die tendency of slavery to prevent a spirit ot lawlessness, leaving my readers, i! any have bail die pa tience to follow me thus tar, to continue the enquiry, and carry out too comparison lot themselves. Slavery then, tends to promote public or der because: 1. It prevents the immigration <fi large bo lies (J ignorant anil lawless foreigners into our territory. There is no class in jour country, whose inllueucc we hove more reason to dread, than llialol the I'elusc pop ulation of Europe, ITirgo crowds of wlium are annually landed upon our shores. Heat #ul up in ignorance and vice, ground down tinder oppression, and kept in subjection, at home, only bv the bayonets ol a stand ing army, it is not wonderful that they should exhibit, on landing in this free coun try, the most unbounded licentiousness, and insubordination to the laws. All the non tdaveholding Slates have tell, in a greater or less degree, their power lor evil. New Vork and inanv of the other noithem cities are, even now, slumbering Ol) a mine, which a spark can explode ; and who can forget the terrific riots in Philadelphia, caused by the lawlessness of the Irish Catholics con gregated theie l Vv hat has taken place in Philadelphia, will be repealed, in other places, whenever a favorable oppoilunily shall present itself. ’ Thanks to our sys tem of domestic servitude, we shall ever be exempt from sueli outbreaks. All, or near ly all of our menial offices are filled by our negroes, and there is. consequently, very little inducement offered for large numbers of this class of foreigners to collect in our territory. 2, It identifies the people with the soil, and makes them interested in the preserva tion of order. All slaveholding countries are necessarily agricultural, and the inhub ■* The following are the views <*f the phi losophic M. l)e Tocqueville in his work on the United States and its Institutions : ” The United Stales h ive no metropolis; but lliev already contain several very large cities. Philadelphia reckoned 101,000 in habitants, and New York 202,000 in the year 1830. The lower orders which in habit these cities constitute a rabble even -Ut' Ell-. ropeau towns, i hey consist ot treed blacks in the lirst place, who are condemned by the laws, and by public opinion, to an her editary state of misery and degradation.— lygT They also contain a multitude of Eu ropeans, who have been driven to theshores ol the New World by their misfortunes or their misconduct, and these men inoculate the United States with all our vices, with out bringing with them any of those inter ests which counteract their baneful influence. As inhabitants ofaooimtiy where they have no civil rights, they are ready to turn all the passions which agitate the community to tlieit own advantage ; thus, within the last few months (this was written, l believe, in 1837) serious riots have broken out in Phil adelphia and New York. Disturbances of this kind are unknown in the rest of the country, which is no wise alarmed by them, because the population of the cities have hitherto exercised neither power nor influ ence over the rural districts. ••Nevertheless, I look upon the size of the American cities, and especially on the naluie of their population, as a real danger, which threatens the-future security of the democratic republics of the New World; and I venture to predict they will perish from these circumstances, unless the gov ernment succeeds in creating an armed force, which, whilst it remains under the control of the majority of the nation, will be independent of the town population, and be able to repress its excesses.” itants aie the owners of the soil. The cul tivators of the earth have nothing to gain, but every tiling to lose by weakening the arm ot the law. Oilier piofessions may escape from die consequences of disorder, or may even find their gieatest pecuniary advantage in it; but agriculture can thrive and flourish only under the steady reign of law and ordei. The pecuniary interest therefore o! the slaveholder secures his in fluence on the side of law. Thus, it has grown into a proverb, and been recognized by die legislatures of all our States, that freeholders, alt other things being equal, are more likely to be patriotic than others. Dependent too upon their own industry, and the smilings of a kind Providence, they are likely to be more moral, and this is a strong argument, which might have been urged to show that slavery has not an im moral tendency. 3. It mulccs the poor more independent of the rich than in countries where the peo ple are divided into employers and employ ed ; and thus ulso diminishes the number i‘j transient persons. Iu all slaveholding countries there are to be found many who do not own that species of property, and who are dependent solely upon their own labor for a support. As but vciy few, com paratively, can obtain employment as over seers, and lich men prefer die labor of ne groes, the large majority are naturally in duced to soldo small larins of their own.— Titis not only produces a slate of general independence and prevents die collection of large bodies of transient persons, but it holds out inducements to young men to esi- Ur into the marriage relation, than which there are tew stonger guaranties for ilieir morality and good behavior. In the nou-slaveholdiltg Slates, on die contrary, society is divided into employers and employed. Thu fanner must have his laborers, the manufaetuiei ids operatives, Ftom this spring three serious evils in this republican country. Ist. It draws abroad line of distinction be tween the riels and die poor, makes them mutually and absolutely dependent upon each otuer, and a thirds them an opportuni ty. each in turn, to play the tyrant to the other. In times of depression in the mon ey market, when the supply of laborers ex ceeds the demand for them, employcis en rich themselves at their expense ; and, on the other hand, when the demand exceeds the supply, they, in ihuir turn. t.y —’* and other combinations, turn the tables up on their employers, and bring them to their terms. Thus jealousies are excited, and distinct and well recognized classes formed. These views are sustained by the fact that one of the largest political parties in INyw England is known by the name of “The Working Men’s Party,” and that so many appeals are made, by politicians, to the pre judices of the poor against the rich. 2d. A second evil is that it concentrates in the hands of the rich a political inllueucc to which they aie not entitled. In a land whete paity spirit rages with so much vio lence, hie temptation is not a trivial one, which would urge employers to make or thodox political opinions essential qualifica tions in their laborers. Thus, 1 heard a gentleman, who owned extensive factories m Connecticut, declare, while he was smart ing under mortification from the defeat of nis party, that he had always engaged his hands without reference to their political opinions, but that he had determined, from that time forth, to pursue a different course, as ho could not reconcile it to his sense ol duly to Inmsell and his country to give em ployment to uieo whose votes would be cast iu opposition to his own interest and, what he constdeied, the true policy of the country. This hindrance to the indepen dent exercise ol'lhe rights ofstiffrage is not found at all, or to a very limited extent, in our -.daveholdmg States. 3d. The third evil is that it nurtures a large class, who possess, individually, no local habitation, who give no pledges for their good behavior, and who are conse quently ripe for riot and revolt. And, un happily, we at e not destitute of facts to sus tain our theory. Look at the lawless con tlij! * i O! ;T ; v - ti tin: V;ui iwMvt estates in New York, who have, thus far, set at deliauce the civil authorities, one ol whom, at the last accounts, lias had to sum mon to his aid a posse of a thousand men. Look at the “charter rebellion in Rhode Is land”—the murders committed upon the persons of the Mormons by an infuriated and lawless mob in Illinois, and last, though not least, the awful riots ill Philadelphia, tile most ominous thing in connection with which is, that the rioters and their abettors still claim, that the will of the majority of the people of Kensington was, and oFright ought to be, paramount to the law. Abolition Congressmen and others, when they wish to be specially insolent, taunt us wall the charge, that we monopolize the services of the army and navy to keep our slaves in subjection ! History will have to record two applications to the Federal Ex ecutive for military aid, made within a few months of each other—one, by the Govern or ol K. Island, and the other, by the May or of Philadelphia—to repress the riotous spirit of their orderly and happy people! while its pages, from the organization of the government unto this time, will he searched in vain for a similar application, to quell a servile insurrection! From the ‘•Whiskey Rebellion” in Pennsylvania, and Shay’s Rebellion in Massachusetts to the riots in Philadelphia, (the refuge of run away slaves) the military power of the gov ernment has been called into requisition to FOR THE BAPTIST CONVENTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA. PEN FI ELD, GA., OCTOBER 11, 1844. quell disorders only in the non-slavehold ing States ! 1 could f.iin wish, that the ev idence were afforded me, that our Northern friends have any way to avoid the anarchy towards which they are fast tending. Another fact will show more clearly, if possible, the nature of the danger to which the people of the non-slaveholdmg States are subjected. There is, at the present time, in die Slates north of Maryland a well or ganized party, numbering, in a single city, some thousands of voters, who are in favor of an cijuul division of property, and most clamorously demand it. Thayks to our system of domestic servitude, such influ ences cannot exist in our midst. A Baptist Minister. For the Christian Index, Rock Mountain Association. Is located in the counties of DcKalb, Gwinetl, Newton, and Henry, near the central parts of the State of Georgia. The name is a derivation from a noble Grannite Ruck iu DcKalb co.; near the centre of the association. This wonderful natural curi osity stands in an open level country gently undulating with pleasant hills, and beuuli lul vallies ; highly cultivated. The Rock is about one mile in its great est diameter at its base, and rises up naked; in solemn grandeur, against the clear blue sky ; or pierces the stormy cloud at an ele vation ol 900 loot above common level; and 2,230, above the level of the sea ; for ming an area of 100 feet square at the top which commands a view of a large portion ol Middle Georgia. This is a fashionable place ol summer resort for the gay and gid dy, the wise and the grave of every sex, age, and denomination; more especially from the sea board. On the top ol the rock a tower* was built a lew years since, 180 feet high, lor the ac commodation ol those who might desire to see “all the glory of the World.” And tru ly the view from the top of the Towe or rock is magnificently sublime. Far a way to the South stretches a rich and level coun try, with an unbroken field of view: varie gated with the ascending smoke of ten thousand joy fill houses. The eye wanders on in search of something to lest on; or break the monotony ; until Heaven and Earth seem to unite in the misty distance. A f clings of religious awe and loneliness steals over the beholder, under a sense of his own nothingness compared with the un bounded works of the Great Creator.— To tile norlli-cast the mountains of (did Pendleton hang on the distant horizon in clouded groups. Our thoughts linger here with food delight over the memory of our glorious old Palmetto State. To the North, high looms the dark and frowning moun tains of Habersham and Tennessee, in terrible grandeur, dropping away to the west in smoking spots, until lost on Ala bama's wide extended plains. Approxi mating the base of the Hock, fields and or chards, like gardens,divbrsify the landscape chequered with roads and streams of liv ing water. Now seen, now hid, ami seen again ; the Georgia Rail Road winds round the rock,"for many miles in view, The Iron horsed that walks this.course, with blood of boiling steam impatient, snorts out his breath of burning gas ; and glides along the graded track. Nature and art combined, in one grand chorus, sings an eternal hymn of joy and praise. Such is the Hock around whose base our association delights to dwell, and worship God. I often visit this place, but not with gay and thoughtless company. 1 love to linger on its lofty top alone, isolated from the world beneath. “From the]top of the rock f behold” the power and gondii -ss a£ Guts. I reel iu his presence ; 1 converse j with him alone; niy soul drinks deep at the fount of awe and veneration; and I go down filled with love and gratitude. This Hock ! this noble Rock ! ! is a standing memorial in our association that God our Heavenly Father is the Great Hock of our salvation. Ilail! mighty Rock ! for in our midst Thy dwelling place shall he, To point to joyful Woilds on high In vast Eternity. Hail! mighty Rock !! thy maker God Our shield and strength shall be, When earth thy throne shall crumble down In dark Eternity. The Rock .Mountain Association origi nated m a division of the old Yellow Rivei Association, the latter being anti-missiona ry in sentiment and practice, and passed the following-resolution at her regular ses sion in 1838; viz. “Resolved, That the institutions of the day called “benevolent,” to wit: The Convention, Bible Society, Tract Society, Ternperance 4 Society. Jibo lition Society, Sunday School Union, The ological Seminary, and all other institutions tributary to the Missionary plan now exist ing in the United States are unscriplural; and that we as an association will not cor- respond with any association that is united with them, nor will we hold in our union or lpllowship any church that is connected with them.” “Abolition Society” was artfully incorporated with the benevolent andjreligions institutions specified in this restjhition ; for the purpose of entailing the odium and disgrace of abolitionism on the fronds of humanity and religious effort.— This is clear from the fact, that it was known totthum, and all others who would inform themselves on this subject, that there was not q single abolition Society in Georgia ; and ii there were individuals who- were fa vorable to the Northern fanatics iu this matter, Vhev dare not let it be known pub licly. It was known also that die North ern abolit.iViist had nothing to do with the CouveniionWr its auxiliaries, neither pri marily not secondarily. Therefore this in sidious attempt to blacken the benevolent and Christian iWitulions of the South with abolitionism w\s unjust, uncalled for, and insulting to the Ugh-toncd feelings of all Southern eluistiaiis. The hold and daring attempt (as manifested in the above result!, lion) to “Lord it over God’s heritage” and bind mens’ consciences to the stake, by compelling them to act in opposition to the spicad of the glorious Gospel of our bless ed Saviour, was met by a respectable mi nority with a ehiisttan firmness and lesolti tion that said at once, we know our rights and will maintain them. A substitute! changing the liou-fellowshippitig features of tiidir resolution was ottered by Elder Luke Robinson, an able active minister, whoso voice, ere this, had been heard in the halls ol our Stale Legislature, in defence of the rights of man. But oil this occasion, as he reasoned of the necessity of educa tion, Temperance, Missionary elfort, etc. etc, taking a hold stand iu defence of civil and religious liberty, guaranteed to us by the gieat Magna Charlu handed down to us through the blood and treasuie of the bold, daring spirits of ’7O, his eyes lighted up with more than earthly fire; the gfay hairs shook about his burning temples ; whilst the deep inspiration of his soul pout ed ont a Hood of eloquence, that made ig norance, superstition and tyranny tremble on theii tottering throne. Several others also took part in defence of Christian liber ty and gospel effort: but when the leader of the anti-missionary party, a venerable old man with a white head, raised the ral lying cry of down with education, down with Theology, down with Temperance Societies, down with the Convention, etc. etc. they took the vote. The minority, with manly .mil Christian indignation re fused to vote and left the house. The be nevolent or Missionary brethren, who were cut oil’and nou-lellowshipped by the pas sage of the above resolution, were men of high-toned, manly generosity ; with an un bounded flow ol Christian charity; irre proachable in all their intercourse with men: the tongue of the malignant viper it self was hushed in silence against their moral course. This respectable body of Christians, finding themselves thus uncere moniously cut olf from the mother associa tion, without a single charge of immorali ty, oi witness to condemn them ; without a trial or an opportunity of making their defence; thus tried, condemned and excom municated, withoutjudge, jury, law, Gos pel, ar precedent, felt a deep wound run throughout the entire body ; such only as brother can a brother give. We will now touch lightly on the state of the two great parties in Georgia, Those friendly to the spread of the gospel had been organized about 20 years in a great State Association ■ Willi tho view or sustaining missionary effort, and other benevolent enterprises, which is now called the HaptistGonvenlion of the Slate of Georgia; the friends of Christianity and education had liberally en dowed this institution with the means of educating poor, pious young men, who were called to the ministry ; these means Itad been concentrated at Penfield in the Mercer University, and a flood of light and joy bad began to cheer our own sunny land; but ignorance and bigotry, twin brothers, saw limit throne in danger, if our own dear South should come under the in fluence of an educated ininistiy. Their subjects might escape from under the yoke of priest-craft, and make good their retreat from the smoke and dust of Babylon. In this event they must sutler loss, anil all their glory, founded on ignorance, would pass away like a morning cloud ; and the people would no longer believe in their Joe Smith doctrine of a direct revelation from Heaven, In this exigency, something must be done to save their sinking cause. “These learned preachers,” said they, “will gel all the pay and wo will be left to starve or work,” and so taking Doctor Quack’s theory, “that desperate cases re quire desperate remedies” they passed the above recited resolution, which resulted in the schism of their association. The churches which withdrew, or were rather cut oil by the above operation, were Rock Bridge, Rav Greek, Long Shoals, Cool Springs, Macedonia and New Hope. These agreed to meet lor the purpose of forming anew association of as many of the churches as would send delegates, at Mount Zion, Newton Go., on the 19th of July 1839. At which time, representatives from the following churches presented their credentials and look seats, viz: Union Giove, Bethlehem, Salem, Zion, Macedo nia. Rock Bridge, Union and Mount Zion, 10 churches and 528 communicants. The most active ministers on this occasion, were those who had borne the heat and burden of the persecution. Viz. Elders Luke Robinson, George Daniel, A. R. Al mond, Lewis Towers, and J. R. George. These were representatives of the church es now in convocation, and were assisted by J. S. Callaway, C. 1). Mallary, and ’J’. Phillips, men of eminent talents and piety. Elder G. Daniel was chosen Moderator, and E. Henderson Clerk ; a constitution and rule of government was then unani mously adopted, and the association fully organized, entered on her station as an in dependent body of Christians. This asso ciation entered into correspondence at a ve ’ry early period, with several large and rc ! -p f able Missionary Associations, which lias been actively kept up and reciprocated to the present time. At her session in 1818 she agreed to correspond with the Baptist Slate Convention, and it is the desire of a large portion of her most talented ministry and laity, that she may shortly become a constituent member of the same. At her last session she appointed an executive committee to receive and disburse funds, for the employing of a Missionary in and near her own hounds ; and also warmly re commended Iter churches to establish Sun day Schools in their bounds. Some of her churches sent up funds as usual, for the sustenance of Foreign Missions. This session, 1844 being the end of her filth associations! year, she finds,.peace and harmony iu herself and all her churches, with a growing interest in the Great Re deemer’s cause. Her churches have in creased from 10 to 17, and her communi cants from 528 to something near fourteen hundred, chiefly fiom new converts and re vivals within hei own bounds. May the blessing and tender care of the Great Head of the Church still protect her in the exer cise of her civil and religious duties. PENDLETON, Flat Rock Ga. Sept. 18 1844. •Blown down. tNot running yet but will in ashorttim . For the Christian Index. Idolatry of Intellect. Among the causes, enumerated by Ba con, in his Novum Organmn, as having re tarded the advance of science, undue rev erence for distinguished men stands con spicuous. He can find no words sufficient ly strong to express his regret at the long and ruinous despotism of Aristotle, over the empire of thought. But the ease of Aristotle does not stand alone. Others have wielded as potent a sceptre, over more valuable and extensive realms. These er rors which effect man’s temporal welfare, or physical comfort, however deplorable, are not remediless. They may be atten ded with alleviating circumstances. They may, further, conduce to a higher good, by showing the vanity of worldly hopes, and the emptiness of sublunary bliss.— Tlte hcresiarch of science may, in the end, prove a spiritual benefactor. A T o t.'.o Deresiarel) in morals and religion. Me does only evil. “One sinner destroyed! much good ;” and in proportion to his ascendency over the minds of men, is his capacity for doing harm. Hence, the aberrations of great met) should not he legnided of trill in <v moment. An obscure individual may fos ter a heresy, and perish in his sin. But he sinks alone. No others are engulphed in the diminutive vortex, in which his own adventurous boat went down. When a great mind errs, it leads off others in its train. The magic of genius draws thou sands, as captives at its car. Good Richard Baxter once charged our denomination, with “a systematic befriend ing of ignorance.” This reproach, if it ever really existed, lias, we trust, been wiped away. But dangers are to he ap prehended from knowledge, as well as ig noi.nice. Intellectual idolatry may prove not less unfriendly to piety than mental im becility, The respect which is justly due to great abilities and profound learning, if not controlled by a paramount regard for truth and holiness, degenerates into one of the worst forms of superstition. These reflections are suggested by “the signs of the times,” at Ihe present day.— Our denomination has shaken off the shac kles which so long crippled its intellectual energies, and has sprung forward, with groatspirit, in the career of knowledge and science. Institutions of learning are thrown ruiiLisiiEß—BENJ. BRANTLY open to our young men. They have “line upon line and precept upon precept,” upon the importance of education. This is all well, and we are thankful to God for it.— But it must not be forgotten, that knowl edge is a means, not an end ; and is valua ble to the minister of Christ, only so far as it contributes to his usefulness in his Mas ter's cause. No otic, who has directed his attention to the present aspect of affairs, in this coun try, has failed to observe the incieasing re gard which is paid to the literature of Ger many. The names of her great scholars are becoming household words among us. Otlr vwiii-riicii nre mlvisoti lo stiuly lire German language ; and are incited to tint pursuit, by the promise of rich anil varied harvests. Doubtless, great benefit may be derived from an acquaintance with the liter ature of the Germans. They are the most literary people in the woild. But we ques tion the policy of familiarizing young and undisciplined minds with (ho errors and ab surdities even of master minds. For ministers whose theological sentiment are already formed, the perusal of German writers may he profitable. It would bo dangerous, however, for a young man to begin w ith them. The prolusion of learn ing and confident tone, which distinguish them, ate calculated to intimidate the unex perienced scholar, lie yields his assent to eiror; and bows down iti homage to ail intellectual idol. Betides, to a pious and zealous minister, one engaged iu the active pursuits of the pastoral office, the study of the English and American divines is far more serviceable. Where can he find, in German literature, such bocks as Edwards on the Affections, Jaine’s Anxious Inquir er, Baxter’s S:\iul’s Rest, &c. If it were necessary, I might give a de tailed account of what the student is likely to find in German woiks. A few samples will suffice. Knobel has writen a learned woikof Prophecy, in which he ma mains, among other absurdities, that Elijah was enabled to cross the Jordan, because he was an excellent topographer, and knew where the river was fordable. His igno rant countrymen, meanwhile, thought he performed a miracle. The Biblical Theo logy of Baunigarten-Ciusius might have been composed by an English deist.— Tholuck and Nitzch deny that the account ol the Fall is the history of a real transac iion i tintl Tircstcn, Onr of the best o/~them, denies the plenary inspiration of the scrip tures. Markeineckc defines the soul “a thought ofGod,” and asseits that the world is alike eternal with God.- Very lew Ger man divines can be deemed, even in the judgment of chairty, converted men.— lienee, although they make excellent grammars and Lexicons, they are very un safe guides, as theologians. May the Great Head ol the Eltureh guard us against the evils oi unsanctificd learning, and dis pose us all to “receive the truth in the love of it.” Thus will our institutions of learn ing be thrones of spiritual power; and “God, even our God, will bless” them. J. L. R. For the Christian Index. Brother Baker — l have recently com menced taking the Chiistian Index, and as yet I am well pleased with it, as it appears that its principle object is to circulate reli gious knowledge. As I am one amongst the few that reside in this county, who be lieve in the instrumentality of man iu cir culating tint gospel ofChrist.andasitseems to be the design of your paper, 1 believe and hope it will prosper yet iuthecouuly where 1 reside. There are a number who differ with me in sentiment, and do believe that allt>enevolcnl Institutions, and all exertions madetoeirculate the gospel, are not from a good spit it. 1 will assign you my reasons for such a belief. The 19ili At tide of the decorum of the Ocklotkttee Association is in the following words ; “ It is the duty of this association to provide for tho general union of the chinches, and will not fellow ship any church or churches, nor hold them ill union, that support any modern Mission ary, Bible, Tract or Sunday School Union Societies, or Theological School, either in themselves or in any other person or per sons, or any other Societies that now are or may hereafter be constituted undera pie tence of circulating the gospel, nor willshe correspond with any association that sup port or fellowship any of the above named Societies.” As there were members at tached to that body of people, who did be lieve that said article did infringe on the lib- erty of conscience, they applied for letters of dismission and joined churches that were attached to the Florida Association, which aid not lav such restrictions on its members, I’lien those members that joined the Flor ida Association they excommunicated as hen-ticks, and cast out their names as evil, for no other cause than believing that it is our privilege to circulate the gospel of Christ. Now, as it is our desire that eve ry creature should hear the gospel, and we wish to make our poor, weak and feeble ex ertions, feeling the love of God in ourfcouls, and desiring that all might feel ilia same, and vve do endeavor to suppress vice and circulate religious knowledge, if there is any evil in it [ would be thankful to any of . NO. 41.