Newspaper Page Text
104
Jar m, & at to « gimm.
J. J. TO!).V,JMKTO]Nk. PROPRIETOR. .
Improvement on Future Lands.
A PRt» KBSaT BY ALEXANDER HYPE. *
Awarded the first Prize by a Qpmtnitlee of the Nhw-
England Agricultural Sgfiky in 1870.
On this subject of ploughing pastures it is
impossible to lay down arbitrary rules cli
mate, soil, feasibility of ploughing, distance
from barnyard —nay every affecting circum
stance, trust be considered by the discrimi
nating fat mer. What we wish to impress upon
the minds of all is, that, if it is judged expe
dient, to use the plough upon the old pasture
to make thorough work of the manuring and
pulverization. By all means the hoed crops
must be thoroughly cultivated, and when the
ground is re-seeded to grass, don’t spare the
seed and spoil the pasture, it has been cuss
tomary. in this country, to stock land with
timothy and clover, using a peck or a peck
and a hall of seed to the acre. This is parsi
mony with a vengeance. The consequence
Is, that there are many vacant spaces, much
laud to be possessed by weeds. No*, only
should the quantity of seed be enriched, but
the varieties, also. In an old rich pasture we
often find twenty varieties of grasses growing
on a square foot. The Great Husbandman
plainly teaches us to occupy the soil with
more than two species of grass. He knows
two well the capacity of the land, and the
wants of the animal, to limit the productions
to two, or even a dozen species. More than
a hundred different varieties of grasses grow
naturally in the field of New England, and it
is a suicidal policy on the part of the farmer
to sow only two, either in his mowing or
gr«zng lots, but especially in the latter, when
a thick turf and a succession of grasses from
April to November are desired. Some grow
best in the early spring, some in the summer,
and others in the autumn, and all are wanted
to sustain the stock in the most thriving con
dition in all these seasons. Besides timothy
and clover, so generally and exclusively sown,
we put in some meadow foxtail, which gives
a good bite a week or fortnight earlier than
any other grass common to our fields. Next to
the foxtail comes orchard grass, which in rich
inoi«t sods furnishes sweet and abundant her-
Vi*? know no forage that yields so
~ Cbur.dantly as orchard grass, unless it is sow
ed corn. Like Saul, it rises head and should
era above its fellows. When mowed —we have
known it to grow two in.hes in twenty-four
huurs. Cattle are so fond of it that they are
inclined to neglect other grasses and crop
this too closely. Tne objection to orchard
grass is, that it is inclined to grow in tussocks,
but this teudency may be obviated in a meas
ure by scarifying the pasture with a fine har
row, f illowed by a roller.
We must not omit to mention the Ken
tucky blue grass which should be sown in ev
ery field intended for pasture. This is ident
ical with the June grass of New England,
and lias made the pastures famous for good
beef, it is just as natural to New England
as to Kentucky, only it is seldom sown here.
W e find it in nearly all our old pastures and
meadows where it comes in spontaneously ;
but it is not worth w hile to wait for spontane
ous growth, when the seed can be so cheaply
furnished. Even where the seed is sown, it
taaes two or three years for the roots to be
come well set, so that it is not worth while
to sow it eccept in fields intended for perma
nent meadow or pasture. It ripens its seed
in New England by tne middle of June, about
the same tune that orchard grass is mature,
and, like the latter, grows well under trees.
Caliare fond of it, and it is by
s,,t neUla»-first in t mlity amoruwmrypfl*) are
'm. ‘One eiifinent caitle breeder says :
** W h/ tver has blue grass, has the basis of all
agricultural prosperity, and if he has not the
finest horses, eatile and sheep, he has no one
to blame but hin self.” Blue grass grows
abundantly in some portions of our mowing
lands, but matures before the other grasses
are ready for cutting, and has not size suffi
cient for a large crop. It, however, springs
up a second time with vigor, and the after
math in August is thick aud the yield almost
equal to the first crop.
The sweet scented vernal gras9, though not
highly nutrious nor much relished by stock,
deserves a place in every permanent pasture,
as it has a highly aromatic odor, which it im
parts to grasses with which it is cured, and
also gives to butter a pleasant, nutty flavor.
Vernal grass grows abundantly in the pastures
around Philadelphia, aud the Philadelphians
claim toat they have the sweetest butter in
the world, and attribute its excellence partly
to the v* mu! grass of the Pennsylvania pas
lures. Vernai is a misnomer for this griss,
it groas in the fall equally with the spring.
The very pleasant odor it gives, when tramp
led upon or pressed in auy manner, is due to
a small quantity of benzoic acid which it con
tains, and although analysis does not show
great nutnt on in this species of grass, still
we should always like a little of it in our
meadows and pastures, a9 we like alittle.nut
nieii nio.q. Besides the agreea
ble flavor it communicates to butter, it lends
additional charms to a walk in the pastures,
and to work in the hay field. There are near
ly r. million of seed in a pound of vernal
grass and a half pound of seed, mixed with
other seeds in duequantity, is amply sufficient
to give a flavor to all the grass that can be
raised on an acre. This is flavoring at small
cost, and we are confident, no one who tries
it will regret this trifling, expense.
It is scarcely necessary that we should al
lude to redtop as one of the grasses always to
be sown both in the meadow and pasture. Its
virtues are so well kuown that only the most
fogy of farmers—we are sorry there are so
many of this class—refuse to acknowledge
them. Some, %vho have tried redtop-seed along
. wiio their timothy and clover, have condemn
ed it, because the little did not
make much show for the first two years after
stocking, and when the biennial clover died
out they have ploughed their field for anew
stocking, thinking the chaff—looking redtop
seed a humbug It they had waited another
year, they would have found the apparent
humbug a great blessing. It takes time to
dev.-l .ped the instrinsic value of modest but
meritorious men, and so it does the worth of
the humble redtop. it is overshadoVed for a
year or two with the rampant clover and the
aspiring timothy, but, in the long run, we
know no grass superior to redtop, both for hay
and grazing. The English call it Fine Bent
and our Middle and Southern farmers, Herd
grass, but under whatever name it goes, wher
ever it is best kuown, it is most appreciated.
It seems to be best adapted to moist alluvial
lands, as we .dways find it growing naturally
and luxuriantly on the river meadows, but we
have found i o difficulty in cultivating it upon
uplands. Cattle graze upon it with great rel
ish and its permanency renders it particular
ly desirable in pastures. Asa meadow
grass, we know none that makes better
hay, it is not so course and bulky as
its great competitor, timothy, but it spends
better, as the farmer phrase is, and has
the great advantage of not sufficing from
not being mowed or cropped precisely
at the right time. The flower stalks continue
su.ctiieut for a long period and even if
they become dry and woody, a thick succu
lent bottom continues. Pastures should, how
ever, be so clqsefy cropped that neither redtop
nor any other grass should go to seed. If
perchance any locality in a pasture is suffer*
ed to send up its seed stalk, cattle are very
apt to neglect it, as they prefer the shorter
and more succulent feed. In this case, it is
always better to mow these neglected places
and make hay of the forage, and when the
THE CHRISTIAN INDEX AND SOUTH-WESTERN BAPTIST: ATLANTA, GA., THURSDAY, JUNE 29, 1871.
tender grass spring up again the stock will
graze upon it. W e have known cattle in the
summer to eat this forage of the pasture, mown
and carted to the barnyard, when they have
totally neglected it in the fields. If they do not
eat it in the summer,they will certainly be glad
ot it in the winter, and in either case the past
ures are byj the mowing.— Mass.
Ploughman „
Labor Conductive to long Life.
In view of the short duration of life entailed
some occupations, it must be regarded as a
consoling, yeaasublime fact, that labor in gen
eral does not tend to shorten life, but, on the
contrary by strengthening health lengthening
life; while on the other hand, idleness and
luxuriance are productive of the same results
a9 the most unhealthy occupations. Dr. Guy
an Englishman, in calculating the average
duration of life of the wealthy classes, arrived
at the very surprising result with regard to
adults, that the higher their position in the
social scale, the more unlimited their means,
the les9 also the probability of a long life.
We have been so long accustomed to consider
the possession of riches as the best guarantee
for physical welfare, that many will be sur
prised to hear from Guy, “ that the prob
ability of the duration of life lessens, with re
gard to the adults in each class of population,
in the same degree as the beneficial impulse
for occupation is lacking, if a person, who
for along time has lived an aeitve life, retires
from business, itjrnay be taken for granted,
with a probdHflbr <>f ten to one, that he has
seized the mosffipetive means to shorten his
life” T
We may smile at the soap-maker who, after
having formally retired from business, went,
nevertheless, on each day of soap boiling to
his work shop ; but it must also be acknowl
edged that his, instinct did r.ot mislead him.
Os all conditions of life, idleness 19 hardest
tor nature to combat; and this is especially
true ot persons who haveaccustomed them
selves to a busy life.— smnufacturer and
guilder.
How Printing Ink is Hade.
It is not very hazardous to assume that a
great many persons who have handled print
ing ink all their lives had no very clear idea
as to how it is made. A vague notion of lamp
black and varnish possesses them; but if ask
ed just what ingredients enter into the com
pound,and how, and in what proportions they
are put together, they usually find it difficult
to give a satisfactory answer. With the pur
pose of dissipating the general ignorance as
to a point which all printers at least should
be familiar with, we, says the Record (Bos
ton), went out to South Dedham, recently,
and took a walk through the famous ink works
of George H. Morrill. And a very dirty
walk it was, too. Lady visitors to an ink
factory are advised not wear their white pique
dresses, and gentlemen will do well to put off
their white linen suits before passing the inky
jortalsof the establishment. Another piece
of sound advice to visitors is, don’t touch the
idoor handles; let your guide, who wears
gloves that seem appropriate to his Satanic
Majesty’s fingers, do that service for you.
Keep your hands in your pockets, and retain
your tail within a limited sphere, and you
will come out without serious spot or stain.
There are five seperate buildings belonging
to the works, the whole containing nearly one
million bricks. No. li9 called the grinding
room, 80 by 40 feet and two and a half sto
res. Here are the Bogardus patent mills for
grinding the ink, as described further on. In
this building is a water wheel of 35 horse
power. No. 2is the engine room, 30 by 18
feet, containing a steam engine of 27 horse
pijvver. . pio. 3 4§ _th&-»i)irnigh bailing, 45 »by
4* feet, containing *l4 se* Settles, three of
which are each of 1,200 gallons capacity, and
one of 1,600. Here are also three mixers of
1.400 pounds capacity. No. 4 is used for
the manufacture of oil, and contains two large
stills weighing 0 tuns each, 3 kettles holding
1,300 to 1,000 gallons, and a tank holding
8,000 gallons. In building No. 4, the oil is
boiled in two large iron tanks. Besides these
there are eight lamp houses, with one oil
tank of 20,000 gallons capacity and five of
2,000 gallons. The oil from these is fed through
a pipe in furnaces, and then burned, the flame
being conducted into the lampblack houses,
where the smoke is condensed and forms the
lampblack, failing on the floor like a black
snow storm.
The essential ingredients of printing ink are
varnish and lampblack. The varnish is made
by boiling or burning linseed oil, and mixing
crude turpentine and gum copal. Lamp black
is a fine soot gathered from the smoke of res
inous substances. The substance used in
Morrill’s factory is resin, and a heavy petro
leum oil. To the soot gathered from the
flames of these i3 added a certain amount of
spirit, on the quality of which depends the
fineness of the black.
The varnish and lampblack being mixed,
they are put together into mixers, and thor
oughly amalgamated ; the compound is then
run through breaking rollers, and finally
through eccentric mills, in which the ink—for
it is ink, at this 9tage —is ground fine. It is
then put into barrels and kegs and is ready for
U9e. Before it is turned into the mixer, the
varnish is run through a strainer having 100
strands to the inch—-the netting surrounding
the sides of the strainer, whose bottom is
perforated so that-all dirt and foreign substances
sink and pass off, while the varnish passes
through the straud9, clear and pure. Dirty as
an ink factory is, the most scrupulous clean
liness is required in handling and packing the
ink—the barrels, in which it is put being free
from ail dirt.
The color of printing ink depends on the
quality of the lampblack used in its compo
sition ; the working quality depends on the
varnish. So that. ir;Wjer to make good ink.
the greatest care andjLill must be exercised
in the ingredients.—
Most people would naturally suppose all
lampblack to be alike and of a uniform hue;
but at Morrill’s factory may be seen speci
mens of the substance which contrast in color
as strongly as a heap of sand and a raven’s
wing. The best lampblack is of an intense
and glossy black ; The poorest qualities of a
dull brown. Many manufacturers use the
same quality of lampblack, and a poor quality
in all kinds of ink. Mr. Morrill does not,
aud, in consequence, his fine grades of ink are
recognized as the very best made in the coun
try. There are secrets connected with his
manufacture and manipulations of materials,
which have an important bearing on the qual
ity of his product; but these, of course, it
would not be proper to disclose. His poli
cy, which has been so remarkably successful
heretofore," is to use the best materials in the
most scientific manner, and to avail himself
of the knowledge acquired in long experience
to make constant improvements in his modes
and processes, and consequently in the char
acter of his iuk. He makes inks of various
kiuds, varying in price from fourteen cents
to five dollars per pound. His average daily
product is 2,000 pounds ) but when the works
run at nights, as frequently happens, this is
increased 8,000 pounds. Extensive enlarge
ments and improvements are now in progress,
which will enable him largely to increase his
product.— Scientific American.
A Simple Cure for Sore Throat.— A
well informed friend sends us the following :
Take the whites of two eggs and beat them
in with two spoonfuls of white sugar; grate
in a little nutmeg, and then add a pint of
lukewarm water. Stir well and drink often.
Repeat the prescription if necessary. Our
friend thinknnt will Cure the most obstinate
ewe of hoarseness in a short time.
Jute la the United States.
A correspondent of the Agricultural De
partment at Washington speaks of the rais
ing of jute for textile purposes, in the South
ern States as follows :
“ I deem it almost as great an acquisition
to the country as cotton itseff. It yields one
of the cheapest fibres which nature produces.
It is raised in India, and I presume, can be
raised here, for less than one half the cost of
hemp, and for one fourth the cost of cotton.
It has been produced in India for one cent, per
pound of fiber. It is woven not only into
gunny cloth and gunny bags, but enters large
ly into carpets and many kinds of tissues. In
India, jute has been constantly gaining upon
cotton. England has imported from india, of
this article, more than 120,000,000 pounds in
a single year; and we, last year, imported
more than 10,000 000, which cost more than
$3,000,000, and sold at the South for $5,000,-
000. It is used there, chiefly, to envelop cot
9on.
“ If we had diverted that amount of labor
from cotton to jute, we might have raised a
much larger quantity at home, and at the
same time have increasid the value of our
cotton crop.
“ The jute seems to me to be a plant admi
rably adapted to the wants of the South. She
requires it for bale cloth, also to divert labor
from cotton, and to employ the operatives
during inclement seasons in the manufacture
of cloth.
“ I presume that the mechanism used in
Kentucky for spinning and weaving hemp,
will be appropriate for jute.”
These suggestions we regard as worthy
the serious attention of Southern agricultu
rists. The uses of jute are annually increas
ing, and there is little danger of a glut of this
valuable material. —Scientific American.
Repairing Roads.
This is an operation which is or should be
performed immediately after the settling of
the ground in the spring. In agricultural dis
tricts it is often deferred till later in the sea
son. In this case the labor of putting a road
in good condition is often doubled. It is as
true of roads as of raiment that a “ stitch in
time saves nine,” and if for the word stitch
we substitute ditch, the old law will be even
more forcible in its meaning.
Winter makes sad havoc in the earth roads
which intersect the .country in all direc
tions. His frosts upheave, ahd the springs
wash out deep gulleys and ruts, and when at
last the reign of frost is over, that which was
straight is ail crooked; level places are all
changed into rises and depressions, stone are
left on the top, and, in short, these foads be
come sloughs of despond in which loaded
teams wallow in dispair, and where wagons
are left standing up to the hubs in mud, sim
ply because it is beyond the power of horse
flesh to extricate them.
if when the mud has dried, the ruts were
filled at once and the ditches at the wayside
opened, much would be gained, but as this is
generally neglected, the June thunderstorms
have things all their own way. Sluices
are filled, bridges underminded and washed
away, and, finally, when the “ road master”
summons the inhabitants toturnoutand work
on the road, they find plenty to do. The road
is at last put into passible condition, and re
mains so till the fall rains and the marketing
wagons cut them all up, and the snow follow
ing hides them from view till the ensuing
spring.
That this is only a fair picture of the ma
jority of the roads in the Northern States,
we know from experience ; and those of the
South and many parts of the West- are even
worse, if all accounts of their miserable con
ditions during the wirier rains arp to be ered
iftdt ** T " ' 1
There is perhaps, some excuse in the press
ing work of spring tor the delay in road re
pairing. We believe, however, that the cus
tom is maintained more through habit than ne
cessity.
An old farmer once remarked to us that
there is no other work done by farmers that
pays so well as road making; but there are
few of them that are far sighted enough to see
that the saving effected by good roads in the
current expenses of repairs in wagons and har
nesses, and the increase of loads which can be
carried pay liberally fbrthe woik, which they
do grudgingly, when at last it is performed.
— Exchange.
Ploughing Wet Soil.
Hardly any practice on the farm is more
to be deprecated than ploughing or stirring
the soil in the spring when wet. This is one
of the small operations, affecting oftimes a
whole crop, and lasting injuriously through a
whole season. Unless in a sandy soil, and
stirring or moving by spade, plough or har
row, when wet, tends to compress and com
pact its particles, when the object is or ought
to be, to pulverize and make mellow. “Good
tillage i9 manure;” and stirring of wet soil is
only allowaole in a brick yard. No imple
ment, that we know of, is capable of again
opening lumps of earth to atmospheric action
and influences, after they have once closed up
by compression, and become externally har
dened. Any one can observe this, by mould
ing a lump of damp earth in their hand, when
it becomes the consistence of putty. When
exposed to the air, it becomes nearly as hard
as stone. —Scientiifc American.
Fidelity.— Never forsake a friend. When
enemies gather around, when sickness falls
on the heart, when the world is dark and
cheerless, is the time to try true friendship.
The heart that has been touched will redouble.
Adversity tries true friendship. They who
turn from the scene of distress betray, their
hypocracy, and prove that Interest alone
moves them. If you have a friend who loves
you—who has studied your interest and hap
piness—se<slre to sustain him in adversity.
Let him fe^ ! ‘that his former kindness, is ap
preciated, and that his love was not thrown
away. Real fidelity may be rare, but it ex
ists in the heart. Who has not seen and felt
its powers t They only deny its worth and
power who have never either loved a friend,
or labored to make hnn happy. The good
and kind —the affectionate and the virtuous,
see and feel the heavenly principle. They
would sacrifice wealth and happiness to pro-,
mote the happiness of others ; and, in return,
they receive the reward of their love, by sym
pathizing hearts and countless favors, when
they have been brought low by distress and
adversity.
Diffusers of Happiness; —Some men
move through life as a band of music down
the street, flinging out pleasure on every side
through the air to every one, far and near who
can listen. Some men fill the ai_r with their
presence and sweetness, as orchards, in Octo
ber days, fill the air with perfume of ripe
fruit. Some men cling to their own
houses, like the honey suckle over the door,
yet, like it, fill all the region with the subtle
fragrance of their goodness. How great a
blessing is it to hold the royal gifts of the soul
that they shall be music to some and fragrance
to others, and life to all! It would be no un
worthy thing to live for, to make the power
which we have within us the breath of other
men’s joy; to fill the atmosphere which they
must stand in with a brightness which they
cannot create for themselves.
Plpm Trees.— save plumbs from the
cureulio, put woolen rags around the base of
the trees, having first steeped them in tan
ner’s oil; renew the application of oil after
every shower. Put chloride of lime in a sau
cer in the fork of a tree. Spread white
cloths on the ground under the trees, pour
sulphuric acid on the lime, and the fumes
will bring dowrt all the insects from the trees.
Cashmere Shawls.
[Translated from '"fee German for The Plantation.]
In the first place, all of the shawls do not come
from Cashmere; fTJt'larger proportion are made
in British India. Thirty, or forty years ago
Cashmere was the only place where the shawls
were made; but a”Tearful famine drove many of
the weavers to set Up their trade in Pendschab, in
the cities of Umrittjs, Hurpur, Dinapur, Tilaknath,
Telapur, Ludiniah. The best Pendschab shawls
come from Umritsir, the emporium of the trade.
But the best Pendschab cannot compare with the
genuine because, in Pendschab,
such fine wool connot be procured ; partly because
the art of coloringjs not so great, and above all,
because in Cashmere there is some chemical pecu
liarity in the wafers especially adapted to the col
oring. Six diffcsidt kinds of crude wool are used
in the fabrication of cashmere shawls and other
stuffs of like material. First,is the Purshun wool,
or the kind called shawl wool, a downy stuff which
grows next to therein and under the thick hair
of the Thibet goar* It is of three colors, white
gray, and darkish blue. The best kind comes
out of the half Chinese provinces, Turfan and
Kichar, aud are imported through Tarkand to
Cashmere.
Cashmere merchants have the entire monopoly
of them, and the weavers in Pendschab must use
an inferior kind*of the Puslium wool, which is
produced in Chatim. One pound of the white
wool uncleaned, cost in Cashmere, from three to
four shillings, thfveleaned about twice the price.
Next in the fleece of the Dumba
9heep, from CabuWnd Peschwar. This wool is
employed in the best cogas. The coga is
a mantle or over ryment with sleeves, which the
Afghanistan wear over the
shoulders
The counterfeit cashmere shawls, those which
resemble the genuine, but are made from inferior
wool, are manufac ured of the Kirrnan wool, the
JK>ol of the from Kirman, a country in
southern Persia.
Fourth, in order. Is the wool of the native goat
of Cabul and Pescltwar. The goat is called Put,
and the wool Puttoo.
The woolly haiPof the camel is used for a com
mon kind of choga, and the commonest is made
from the native sheep of the plains.
The preparation of the shawl wool demands
great care and trouble. First of all is the cleans
ing, w'hich is done by w?mß*, with a brush and
the purest of lime\nd water. Then the separa
tion of the hair qpm the down; a very difficult
task, on the success of which depends the worth
of the shawl. The now cleansed and assorted
wool is spun into thread by tbe eburka—the na
tional spinning machine. A pound of the spun
Pushum wool, finest quality, is worth two pounds
and ten shillings.^
• The thread is then colored and ready for the
loom.
The spinning, like the cleansing, is done by
skillful women. The number of women employed
may be safely priced at a hundred thousand.
Their working hours are from early in the morning
until late at night, especially when the moonlight
takes the place of the lamp.
A merchant, c«#ed Puimungti, buys the thread
either at his shop fer by sending his agents to the
houses of the spiifuers. These agents are known
by their little bells The weaver buys the thread
from the merchant and sends it to the dyer (run
grez). . v
The dyer war Floats for the thread four fast col
ors or rather colors and their shades. Most of
them named from, the materials of w hich they are
made. The best'sea'let dye comes from the
cochineal, imported from Hindoostan, a second
quality is made Jjie wall-flower and scarlet
berry, and still annother from the Campeche
wood, or
a dofcoction made from » fine European cloth.
The profession dyer is hereditary, descend
ing from generation to generation.
From the hand* of the dyer the thread goes to
the winder, who prepares the warp and filling for
the loom. He rer fives it in skeins and returns it
in balls. In one day he can prepare the thread
for two shawls, \
It is not yet dona the quiller must fill the quills
for weaving. When the shawl has a wide border
it requires a peculiar kind of loom.
But enough of tise preparation. It finally comes
into the hands oj|4he weaver, who, in India, is
generally a well skilled woman, who probably be
gan her art at ten ]ers of age.
The constructor of the loom is about the same
as that used in Europe, only a little simpler. A
factory usually cwitains three hundred looms,
placed side by side'in a long, low building. The
shawl being taken tom the loom, then comes the
designer, and those whose business it is to select
colors and place th min order. The first brings
the design of the pattern, one of the others, after
mature deliberation, selects the colors, while he,
with the design begins the pattern firm under
neath, working step by step, the colors according
to their number. Another writes his certificate
in a kind of shot - : hand, giving a copy to the
weavers.
After the shawl it is taken to the
pressers, and from hence to tbe Custom Office,
where it is priced The tax for entering and
stamping it takes twenty-six per cent of its value.
The maker now sely it to the capitalist, and he,
in his turn, fixes the price and through his agents
sells it to the merch. nt. Naturally, the price in
creases as the capitalist must have his per centage
and the agent his commission.
The merchant no v, for the first time, has the
shawls washed. g
After this the shawls are laid in press for two
days and then packed.
The bales hold several gross, but each one is
packed alike. Ever; shawl is wrapped in thin,
colored, glazed pape;. and placed between two
smooth boards. Noar it is again put two days
under the press, and ffen the boards are removed,
aud the whole bal&Vwed up in a thick cloth.
Over this is put binAbark, enameled cloth, and
lastly, rough ieafht.-Hh
The forms of the crlhmere shawls are various.
The most expensive it the dashallasor long shawl,
which is always wo’in and sold double. The
kussabus, or square shawl, much soughtin Europe,
is woven aud sold sin *y. It is also called roomals.
The jamewars is a third class; of this the French
mousseline shawl is an imitation. A fourth ulwans
—this without flower or ornament, is used for
turbans and sashes.
We have already sooken of the price of the
shawls; but we give terns of the expense of a
shawl, weight about sl.'pounds, and market price
£3OO sterling. y •
Preparation of ttofrinaterial, wool
included.. -. £ 30
W ages of workur6%' 100
Incidental expenses 50
Tax (or stamp) 70
T0ta1.... £250
The £SO incidental expenses, one may readily
imagine, go to the merchant and agent.
England and France import more cashmere
shawls than any other cnmtries; but they do not
import so heavily as formerly. The total import
of India shawls for England from 1850 to 1857,
was 227,907 lbs.—a sum which, in 1885, has fallen
to 142,916 lbs. The import in France, in 1865,
was only 77,582 lbs. to other coun
tries is hardly worth mentioning, except to Amer
ica. Here the import is on the increase, thanks
to cotton and petroleum.
It has already been said that shawls are made in
other countries of India. In the village of Ram
pur, for example, shawls &re woven so fine that
they can be drawn through a ring.
But let us return to Mrs. Welwyn’s purchase.
She would only have a shawl of the finest quality,
and her husband paid over the £3OO like a hero.
I took the shawl to Kugland, delivered it in
person, and brought it back around the shoulders
of a young, pretty, woman. In short, the cash
mere shawl made me a happy man. ' *
Rome, Ga., June 6th, 1871.
The Board of Directors met The minutes of
last meeting were read, and so much as relates to
the entry fee at our monthly exhibition was re
considered, and the following substituted:
“All entries to be free. Those entitled to pre
miums have the right to select them from the
calalogue of books and periodicals at publishers’
prices annexed, as published in the premium list
The premiums not to be given until the annual
fair in October.
J. J. Cohen, J. J. Black, and Thos. J. Perry,
were appointed a committee to hare the water
pipes laid at the Fair Grounds, and to confer with
the Ordinary in regard to having the crossing
over the branch at the Fair Grounds repaired be
fore the meeting of the State Agricultural Con
vention.
The following resolutions were adopted :
Whekeas, The Georgia State Agricultural So
ciety having honored our section by selecting
Rome as the placfc of their next meeting; and
whereas, we deem it our duty to furnish the said
Convention with all the facts concerning our agri
cultural, mineral and industrial resources; there
fore be it
Resolved , That the Secretary of our Association
be authorized and instructed to communicate
with the leading minds of Cherokee-Georgia and
Alabama, and request each to prepare an essay in
regard to the status and development of the par
ticular interest concerning which they are respect
ively the most familiar, and which they may be
requested to represent
On motion, J. T. Burns, Colonel C. W. Sproull.
M. Dwinellj W. H. Jones, T. J. Perry and B. F.
Jones were appointed a committee to confer with
the City Council, the President of the Selina,
Rome & Dalton Railroad Company, and the Coosa
River Steamboat Company, to make such arrange
ments as may be necessary for the entertainment
of our guests, atul those representing the State
Convention; and to confer with the Superinten
dents of the Western & Atlantic Railroad Compa
ny,Rome Railroad Company, and the Coosa River
er Steamboat Company, in reference to persons
(not delegates) wishing to visit our ciiy during the
session of the State agricultural Conventions, and
procure return tickets free.
On motion of Dr. Newton, the Secretary was
instructed tQ extend an invitation to General H.
W. Capron, Commissioner of Agriculture, Wash
ington City, aud Cohnel B. C, Yancey, ex-Presi
dent of the State Agricultural Society, to visit our
city during the session of the State Convention,
and extend to them the hospitfdities of our Fair
Association.
The following additional premiums were offered
to-wit.
For the fastest trotting or pacing pony in
or out of harness, two or more entries,
and inustgo together $lO 00
For the fastest trotting or pacing mule in
or out of harness, two or more entries,
to go together 3 00
Meeting adjourned.
B. F. .Tones, Secretary.
In accordance with the above, the following
named gentlemen have been selected and designa
ted to prepare an essay upon the subject-matters,
allotted to each. The Association cherishes the
hope that they will give their subject-matter
thought and reflection, and will have their essays
ready to lay before the State Convention, which
meets in this city on the Bth of August, and will
not regret to see their essays in print at an early
day after the adjournment of the Convention :
1. The opening of the Coosa river, and its im
portance to commerce—lion. X. B. Cooper and
General Eug. Lellardy.
2. Navigation of the Oostenaula river—Colonel
J. 0. Fain.
3. Manufacturing interests and advantages in
Cherokee-Georgia and Alabama—lion. Mark A.
Cooper.
4. Mineral resources of Cherokee-Georgia and
Alabama—Rev. Charles Wallace Howard, Editor
Plantation.
5. Iron interest of Round Mountain, and qual
ity—Captain James M. Elliott.
6. Iron interest of Cornwall, and quality—
Major Charles Rattray.
7. Iron interest of Etna, and quality—P. Van
devender.
8. Iron interest of Cartersville, and quality—
Colonel Abda Johnson.
9. Iron interest of Dalton, and quality—Col.
John E. Green.
10. Iron interest of Shelby, and quality—Col.
.John W. 1.-a**s!ey. i
11. Iron interest of Rome, and history—Sam
uel Noble.
12. Irou interest of Elyton, and quality —W.
S. McElwaine.
13. Iron interest of Briar Field, and quality—
Captain Alvis.
14. Iron interest of Talladega, and quality —
Hon. M. H. Cruikshank.
15. Iron interest of Oxford, and quality—Sam
uel Noble.
16. Foundries and furnaces—John W. Noble.
17. Rolling mills—Dr. H. M. Anderson.
18. Cotton manufacturing—A. P. Aigood.
19. Agricultural interests and implements*—
Major John H. Dent.
20. Clover and other grasses —Chas. I. Graves,
W. H. Felton, Robt. Dougherty.
21. Fruits and nurseries—Dr. L. E. Berckman,
C. T. Shellmon.
22. Horticulture and grape culture—Dr. J. H.
Nowlin.
23. Cereals —Gen. Geo. S. Black.
24. Stock breeding and raising—J. B. Sullivan,
Dr. W. A. Carswell.
25. Col. A. A. Jones.
26. Sheep husbandry—Col. W. S. Cothran,
27. Bee culture—Capt. C. O. Stillwell.
28. Water power and locations—Major J. T.
Burns.
29. Flouring and grist mills —Colonel James
A. Stewart.
30. General health of Cherokee-Georgia and
Alabama —Dr. H. Y. M. Miller.
If there is any other interest not mentioned
above, either in Cherokee-Georgia or Alabama,
the parties representing them are requested to
prepare an essay and bring or send it to me.
Any of the above-named gentlemen receiving
a copy of a paper containing this notice, will
please consider it a personal request to comply
with the wishes of the Board of Directors.
Should it not be convenient for any one to com
ply, they are authorized and requested to select
some one who will do the matter justice.
Respectfully, B. F. Jones, Secretary.
—Rome Courier.
Thompson’s Road Steamer.
Our readers will recollect the cut of the Thomp
sou Road Steamer which appeared in The Plan
tation last winter. We then suggested that it
could be rpade of greate use at the South, particu
larly on old cotton lands, at sonje little distance
from a railroad or river; but contiguous to exten
sive pine forest, that a companyV»f planters might
buy one of these steamers (costing $5,000) —break
up their lands in the winter, take it out to the pine
wood 9 in the spring, saw lumber and haul it to
market, and afterwards haul their crops. TY e are
glad to see that a portion of these views have been
carried into effect as will appear from the follow
ing extract from the Telegraph and Messenger, by
one of our most eminent and successful men, M r -
WadJey, of the Central Railroad: “Mr. Wadley
tells me he has contracted for a steam traction
road engine, which will be employed in hauling
logs at his brother’s saw mill, in Emanuel county.
The cost of the machine will be $5,000. It is per
fectly manageable—traverses rough roads and
even plowed grounds without difficulty, and will
drag after it a gang of plows which will pulverize
the soil to almost any desired depth in land free
from stumps. In dragging carry-logs he expects
it to do the work of many mules or oxen on far
less expensive fuel. Should experiment justify it.
he will put one of these machines on the road from
Geneva to Talbotton, and carry the Meriwether
Springs travel. He thinks they can be U9ed with
economy on our dirt roads and will be found use
ful in hauling cotton to points on the railways.”
With one of these engines to break up land and
haul crops to market, and with improved imple
ments for cutting grain and working cotton, one
half of the bands and mules might be dispensed
with, which are now ordinarily used on the plan
tation. Say five gentlemen bought one of these
engines with a gang of plows, the engine costing
them SI,OOO ‘■ach. The 9ale of surplus mules and
the difference in the number of hand 9 would de
fray the expense of the engine during the first
year. It should be remembered that level land is
not necessary for this plow, as it will ascend one
foot in twelve.— The Plantation.
Commercial note heads printed at the Franklin
Printing House at $5 per ream.
Business cards at the Franklin Printing Hcuse
at $4.50 per 1,000.
The Reason Why.
An article appeared in the Indkx of the 15th
inst., headed “ Timely,” over the signature
“ A. R. F.” which we think requires an expla
nation on our part.
We had notdesigned publishing any reason
which might have influenced us to contemplate
the building and running of a still, as repre
sented by brother “A. R. F.” But the ap
pearance of the article referred to, makes it
necessary for us to mention some circumstan
ces, which were well calculated to induce
us—the “two natural brothers, as well as
brothers in the Baptist church,” to study the
propriety of erecting and operating a still.
Soon after the late war, our “ pastor” was
possessed of a small capital which he invested
partly in mercantile business, and partly in a
steam saw mill. lie secured the services of
an experienced merchant, and soon had under
full headway a first rate country store, mean
while got his saw mill in operation, and for
some months moved smoothly on, making
money rapidly but his business manager ; not
being satisfied with “ well enough,” went to
market and bought a stock of liquors, and at
tached a bar-room to the store. For a while
the bar paid well, but finally his miller be
came the best customer, and his saw mill in a
short time became an expense instead of a
profit, and eventually overloaded him. While
his store, saw mill, and the bar were all
running, the pastor preached regularly to the
churches under his pastoral care, many ser
mons, which might have served well instead
of temperance lectures. Our brother, “A.
R. F.,” also hasra little store not far off, and
he, too, has a barbttaehed. Now, we loved
the pastor and our brother A. R. F., and it
was only natural that we should put our
heads together, to find out what might be done
for their convenience. By building and rui -
ning a still in lnlf a mile of the pastor’s stor<,
his inan could get his supply of liquors with
out the trouble and expense of going off to a
foreign market, and the money would be kept
i.i the neighborhood, and brother A. R. F.
could get his supply from us and avoid the
some disadvantages which the pastor’s man
had to undergo, iu going from home away
from his friends to trade.
Now, Mr. Edito.’, do you think it at all
strange, under such circumstances, that we
should have been induced to consider the pro
priety of building and running a still in our
own neighborhood 1 ? So our pastor’s man,
brother A. R. F., “ or any oilier man,” could
be accommodated, and keep the money at
home.
Don’t you think th ! s course might have
been reasonably exppctf and of
“Two Natural Brothers.”
P. S.—We forgot to state in the proper
place, that the paoson has discovered that
steam saw mills and bar rooms won’t mix
and do well, and has “drawn oft”’ from both,
and bought a receipt for making vinegar, and
has put up a vinegar factory, and wants
us to go in with him, but the result of our
contemplated still enterprise, was such that
we don’t feel inclined to “ bite” any more.
I Come as I Went. —lt was a touching in
cident which fell under the notice of a Chris
tian lady lately at a railway station. She saw
a husband bear his invalid wife in bis arms
from the car. As clasping his neck she was
thus borne to a carriage she remarked to a
friend who stood near, in tones of unexpected
cheerfulness, “You see I come as I went.”
Weak and helpless she had gone, weak and
helpless she had returned ; but alike in going
and coming she had rested within the strong
arms of him who loved her. And is this not
the daily experience of every saint? How
feeble in himself yet how upborne of Christ!
“ Without me ye can do nothing,” says the
voice of Jesus “ I can do all things through
Christ who strengtheneth me,” exclaims the
apostle. “ When I am weak, then am I
strong.”
Little Thorns. —The sweetest, the most
clinging affection is often shaken by the slight
est breath of unkindness, as the delicate rings
and tendrils of the vine are agitated by the
faintest air that blows in summer. An unkind
word from one beloved often draws blood from
many a heart which would defy the battle-axe
of hatred, or the keenest edge of vindictive
satire. Nay, the shade, the gloom of the face
familiar and dear, awakens grief and pain.
These, are jjttle thorns, which though men of
rougher form may make their way through
them without feeling them much, extremely
incommode persons of a more refined turn in
their journey through life, and make their
travelling irksome and unpleasant.
Vegetable Cahboj.M^oid.— We read that
a plant, called the Afummeda Leschnaultil,
growing in the Neilgherry hills, in India lias
been found to yield carbolic acid. Mr.
Broughton the Government medical officer
for the district, reports that it is far superior
to the ordinary product of coal tar, being less
deliquescent, and from any admixture ot nox
ious concomitants. As its cost is far above
that of the mineral product, and as'the latter
can be chemically purified, the discovery has
no economical or commercial value; but it is
interesting as a botanical and chemical fact.
Scientific American.
Disinfectants to Arrest the Prooress
of Zymotic Disease. —We must stnke off at
once a whole class of valuable agents which
will not meet the requirement of the case.
The infectious matter is a vapor of fine dust
and it is hopeless to attempt to combat the
virus by uon-volatile disinfectants, such as
charcoal chloride of zinc, etc. What is want
ed for general purposes is a liquid volatile
disinfectant, such as carbolic acid, which af
ter acting on infected surfaces, will pervade
the atmosphere, and destroy the floating virus.
W. Crooks, F. f. S.
Bone Felon.
Os all painful things can there be any so excru
ciatingly painful as bone felon? We know of
none that flesh js heir to. As this malady is quite
frequent, aud the subject of much earnest consid
eration, we give the last recipe for its cure, which
is given by that high authority, the London
Lancet :
“As soon as the disease is felt put directly over
the spot a fly blister, about the size of your thumb
nail, and let it remain for six hours, at the expira
tiou of which time, directly under the surface of
the blister, may be seen the felon, which can in
stantly be taken out with the point of a needle or
a lancet.”
China Berries as a Fertilizer.
The Hawkinsville (Ga.,) Dispatch gives us the
following:
“ Last year a planter of this county, living near
Hawkinsville, made a satisfactory experimen t with
the common china berry hs a immure by Xising it
under his corn. He tested its value by comparison
with cotton seed, which he sowed iu rows alter-
The yield of the rows planied with the
china berry was fifteen per cent, greater than that
of the cotton seed. The rows coulu easHy be dis
tinguished by a more verdant appearance and
Vigorous growth. The planter is entirely satisfied
with his experiment, aud will probably make use
of all the china berries upon his place the present
season. Another farmer of this county assures us
that lor garden manure the china berry is excel
lent. It is well-known that the berry contains a
large quantity of oil, and that certain kinds of
stock are exceedingly fond of it. We give-these
statements to the public, hoping, it there is any
value iu the china berry, that it will be made
known. ——
Letters received from England put the extraor
dinary question seriously, ns to whether a marriage
between President Grant’s son and the Princess
Beatrice, of England, might not be arranged so as
to secure cordiality between the two countries'
The Queen originated the proposition. The Prm
cess is fourteen years of age, and the Queen s idea
is that the nuptials take place on the re-election
of Grant in 1872, and then Grant be adopted as a
British subject and immediately appointed V iceroy
of Canada.
BUSINESS CARDS.
HAT AND
J. M. HOLBROOK,
40 WHITEHALL STREET, ATLANTA, GEORGIA,
Begs to inform yon that be h:is opened in the rooffis
over bis liut Store, a Retail
Millinery Establishment,
under (he superintendence of experienced ladies, where,
in the future, lie will be prepared to supply erery want
iu that line.
He selicits a share of your patronage, and hopes to
have the pleasure of a call from you. ' 2589-- 51—13 t
Battle House,
CHURCH STREET,
NASHVILLE, .... TENNESSEE.
JOEL A. BATTLE, Proprietor.
2.'43—55-Km
SBELL FOUNDRY,
Establish'd in 1837.
Superior Bells for Churches,
Bchools, etc., of Pare Cop
per mid Tin, fully war
ranted, and mounted with
our Latest Improved
Rotary Hanging*, the
lUxutratcd Catalogue sent freo.
VANDUZEN & TIFT,
102 & 104 £. Second St., Cincinnati,
2540—V0—50t
A. * ' *
Persian Healing Soap.
Patented March 12, 1807.
FOR THE 10ILET, HATH AED NURSERY.
This Soap has no equal. It preserves, the coirpier;,
ion (air, the snin soil, flnP.ii o and heaitoy. ItrimuVes
all dandruff’, preserves the hair soft and silky, and pre
vents it from falling off. It cures Pimples, all Diseases
of the Scalp and Skin, and is a GOOD SHAVING
SOAP. Agents wanted. Office, 43 Ann St, New York.
Ask any dealer for A. A. Constantine’s Soap,
2532 -t _ _
'[HE PLANTATION,
AX AGRICULTURAL WEEKLY OF SIXTEEN PAGES,
Published in Atlanta, Georgia, every Saturday. Price
per annum, for a single copy; fa. 50 to clubs of S;
$2 to cluinbs of 20.
This paper is edited by Rev. 0. W. Howard, assisted
by Col. R. A. Alston, and is equal to uny journal of
the kind in the United States, iu point of merit.
As an advertising medium, it has few equals, as its
lona f<le circulation is five thousand, and steadily in
creasing.
.Send for specimen copies.
Good Ageuts wanted. Apply to
2540—11 MORRIS At HOWARD, Publishers.
~ “STOVESrr
the stewart cook Stove?
WITH DUMPING GRATE.
LATEST IMPROVEIIENT! BEST IN THE WORLD.
MANUFACTURED BY
FULLER, WARREN & CO.,
TROY, N. Y.
The Stewart Stove, which bus been in use for more
than a quarter of a century, and by its economy and
complete adap ation to the wants of the kitchen, has
maintained an acknowledged superiority over all other
stoves, is now introduced to the public with all the
modern conveniences of Front Draft, Ash Drawer
and Dumping Grate. The l ines have also been
enlarged umj unproved, so us to ensure an excellent
Draft at all times, and still to retain in the Stove its
unrivalled economical features. No s!o»c has ever yet
been made to do as much work with as little fuel as the
Stewart. The following briet summary is the nsult
of One Day’s Work, recently accomplished at Glo
versville. N 1 Y., with one Stewart Stove:
Haked 415 pounds of bread, half a bushel of po
tatoes, 5 apple pies Roasted 73 pounds of beef,
Boiled 1 barrel of water; also, 17 gallons heated to
150 degrees. All this with one coal fire, not a particle
of coal beiug put into the stove ulter the fire was Blurt
ed in the morning. Those in want of Cook Stoves will
secure the most economy by procuring the best The
Stewart Stoves are for saie in nearly eveiy town und
city throughout the United States.
FULLER, WARREN & CO.,
Exclusive ]iin n ufacturers,
’ • Troy, N. Y.
, ) 53 Slate St., Chicago, 111,
Branch'Houses : | 8;J Sti * clevt ?,i ld , (L-
The Warren Double Oven Cooking ft
the most perfect operating Range in the
the Lawson Ilot Air Furnaces, the
heating Churches, Public Buildings, and PrivatenH|
dences, are also manufactured and lor sale by
FULLER, WARREN & CO.
Descriptive Pamphlets furnished on application.
For su e in Atlanta by J« WA ft LICK,
248t>— Peucbttee Street.
DRUGS, MEDICINES, Etc.
& LEITNER,
| fUGUSTj, GEORGIA,
Dealers in
PURE MEDICINES, CHEMICALS, fiRUGS,
PAINTS, OILS, GLASS, PUTTY, BRUSHES,
WARRANTED GARDEN SEEDS, FISH HOCKS, LINES,
POLES, and a genera! assortment of FISHING
TACKLE, including the celebrated Augusta Hue am
Hook,
Plumb’s, Single, Double, and Belle Augusta Cologne
Waters,
are standard articles with the ladieh
PLUMB & LEITNER,
2529 — Augusta Georgia.
DR. WM. H. TUTT’S .
IMPROVED HAtR DYE.
This DYE is warranted superior to any ever discov
ered for imparting a Beautiful Natural Black or Brown
Color to the Hair.
IST Tt is warranted not to injure the Hair.
Its effect is instantaneous.
Any one can apply it.
jag" It preserves and beautifies the Ilair.
JigTThe Barbers universally pronounce it the best—
|3?” Because it takes less time to Dye.
UP” Because it imparts a natural color.
|3?~ Because it does not stain the skin and bed linen.
i-tr Because its application is so simple. »
McKesson A ROBBINS, Wholesale D«*|gi3ts,
New York, write —
“Send us Five Gross' more of your Improved Hair
Dye - It meets with ready sale, and is taking the place
of all others.”
The most Fashionable Barbers and Ilair
Dresseys in New York USE NO OTHER
HAIR DYE but TfJTT’S.
bsse;
PEUCHg
“33.A.1D BLOODS
SCROFULA.
This isatAintor infection of the human organism, and
probably no one is wholly free from it. It exhibits itself
in yarmui shapes—as Ulcers and Stives, Depay ed Bones,
Diseased Scalp, Sore Eyes, Weak and Diseased Joints,
St. Vitus’ Dance, Foul Discharges from the Nostrils,
Eruptions, Glandular Swellings, Throat A Sections,
Rheumatism, Heart Aflections, Nervous Disorders,
Barrenness, Disoidersof the Womb, Dropsy, Syphilitic
Affections, Liver Complaint, Sail Rheum, Dyspepsia,
Neuralgia, Loss of Manhood, und Goneial Debility. It
has been customary to treat these diseases with Mer
cury and other mineral substances, which, though
sometimes producing a cure, often prove injurious, and
entails misery iu after life. The long known injurious
properties of these so-called alteratives and purifiers
has led the philauthropical man of science to explore
the arena ot nature, the result of which has been the
discovery of vegetable products .which possess the
power of eradicating these tuiuts from the Blood.
DR. WM. H. TUTT’S
COMPOUND EXTRACT OF
Sarsapparilla and Queen’s Delight,
Is the acknowledged antidote to all Blood Diseases.
By its use the afflictions above enumerated can be per
manently banished, sod the Source -the Centre ot Life
—THE BLOOD be maintained tu all its vigor and pu
rity. For Diseases produced by the use of Mercury,
and for Syphilis, with it* train ot' evils, this Compound
is the only sure Antidote. Being free from violent
minerals, it is adapted to general use. The old and
youug may use it*; the most delicate feirjale at any time
may take it; the tender infant, who may have inherited
disease, will be cured.
FOR PUR IF UNO THE BLOOB'-Us* Dr. Tmtt’e
Extract of Sanapparilla and Quito'a JMigkt— lt acts
promptly on the LIVER AND El ONE K S, producing
u health v action of the important organs by wtiiub all
the impurities of the system are carried off, und the
result is« Clear Skin, Good Appetite and Buoyant
Spirits.
Sold by Druggists everywhere 2498—1 y
Letter heads neatly printed at the Franklin
Steam Brinting House a* $0 per ream.