Newspaper Page Text
The Farmers’ Index.
AU letters Intended for the Editor of this De
partment should be addressed, "Fabmirs' Index,
Drawer 24, Atlanta, Ga."
COMPOSTING.
A correspondent from Gordon, Ga.,
asks: “Wnatare the best materials for
composting with stable manure? Please
give full directions.” We answer:
Acid phosphate of lime, with or with
out potash, according to the requirements
of the soil to which the compost is to be
applied. Phosphoric acid is the element
which is nearly always deficient, except
in very rich soils. And even in these it
is exhausted by continual cropping soon
er than other mineral elements. Potash
is the next in importance, and many
worn soils are much benefitted bv its
application, as is evidenced by the t Sects
of ashes when used on such. A soil on
which the original forest growth was
chiefly pine, is most apt to be seriously
deficient in potash. Having determined
, whether or no potash is demanded by
the soil, the best grade of Acid Phos
phate or Dissolved Bone should be sel
ected-one have the highest percentage
of soluble phosphoric acid in proportion
io the price asked. Preference should be
given—prices being equal -to a Raw
bone phosphate as the insoluble part is
more valuable than in preparations made
from fossil bones or mineral phosphates.
If cotton seed are at hand or can be
purchassed near by at twelve to fifteen
cents per bushel, they make a most
desirable addition to the compost. Sup
posing then, that acid phosphate, cotton
seed, and stable manure are to be com
posted, we would use them in such pro
portions as would consume all the cotton
seed and stable manure, allowing not
less than 500 pounds of acid phosphates
to the ton of compost.
The following is the formula recom
manded by the Department of Agri
culture :
Acid Phosphate 650 lbs.
Stable Manure 650 “
Cotton Seed (green) 700 “
Making one ton or 2000 “
Spread a layer of cotton seed several
inches thick on the ground and wet then
thoroughly with water. Then add a
layer of stable manure and n?xt a layer
of acid phosphate; and soon until all
the matetiaf is used or until the heap is
five or six feet high, covering the whole
with several inches of rich soil. It is a
very good plan to thoroughly mix the
different layers as they are spread. The
whole should be cut down and re-heaped
at the end of about two or three weeks.
The points to be guarded is to keep the
heap well moistered with water in order
to prevent firefanging, but not enough to
leach or run from it. The compost will
improve in quality by standing four to six
weeks, or until fermentation is complete
or the mass becomes coal.
When the stable manure is not stable
manure, but scrapings from the lot, it is
sometimes advised to purchase sulphate
of ammonia, nitrates of soda or nitrate
of potash to supplement the small amount
of ammonia contained in such lot manure.
But w.e doubt the propriety of buying
ammonia in this form. Cotton seed meal
at sixteen dollars per ton is a cheaper
source of ammonia than either of the
salts mentioned.
The experience of many practical far
mers throughout Georgia, is to the effect
that 200 pounds of such a compost as the
formula above will produce, applied to
an acre of cotton or corn, will yield as
good results as the same quantity of
average commercial fertilizers, and the
compost is certainly much cheaper.
As intimated we do not think it is im
portant that the proportions be strictly
followed, but rather be governed by the
relative quantities of the materials avail
able. We have used acid phosphate and
cotton seed alone with very good results.
In this case there should be not less of
the phosphate than the formula calls for.
Half and half would be better, and the
materials should be well intermixed at
the start and covered with earth.
ENSILAGE.
The experience of those who construc
ted silos and tried the new plan of pre
serving green food during the last year,
has been generably favorable. The prin
cipal points to be observed are, to cut
' the material fine, press it closely and ex
clude the rain and air by a suitable shel
ter of boards and earth.
Every farmer who makes any effort to
produce green craps for summer feeding
or soiling, knows bow easy it is to grow
more than his stock can consume. A
very small plat—much less than an acre
—of rich ground, sown in Cat-tail Millet;
will supply a half dozen head of mules
and cows with as much as they will eat.
If the area is increased the surplus may
be secured in silos and preserved for
winter use —very much on the principal
of preserving, in sealed jars, fresh fruits
ana vegetables for winter.
While it is true that many farmers in
the South keep more stock than their
system of farming will warrant, the fault
is not in the climate or soil, but in the
system pursued —the all cotton policy
that has so nearly bankrupted the
■country.
LUCERN.
February and March are the two
spring months during which the cultiva
ted grasses can be sown to the best ad
vantage. Among these we know of none
more worthy of trial than lucern. It
has the advantage of being perennial
springing from the roots very early every
spring and continuing for many years,
giving four to six cuttings during the
spring find summer, according to the soil
and seasons. It requires very rich clean
soil to get it well started, and a good
dressing of manure annually.
It is really a species of clover, or at
least belongs to the same family of plants
and is somewhat similar in appearance
to red clover. Lucern is better for
green feeding than any plant ordinarily
used for the purpose, being equally rel
ished by horses, mules, cattle, hogs and
sheep, and it is more nutritious than
eorn forage or millet. It will not, how
ever, bear the tread and bite of animals
and therefore cannot be grazed. We
learned this by experience (though it
was well known by others before), hav
ing ruined a small patch—a first exper
iment—by letting the calves graze on it.
Seed of lucern can be had ofany seeds
man and ten pounds will sow one acre.
The ground should be • prepared as for
drill turnips, the seed sown rather more
•thickly, and covered in the same manner,
THE CHRISTIAN INDEX AND SOUTH-WESTERN BAPTIST: THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1881.
but the youngplants shonld not be thin
ned out. It is very troublesome to clean
out grass and weeds from among the
lucern, and for this reason it should be
sown on land that is free from their
seeds.
ROTA HON OF CROPS.
With a proper rotation of crops rigidly
adhered to, we see no reason why the
soil may not be constantly improving—
growing more productive every year. We
have one great advantage over the North
in the possession of a great staple money
crop which removes permanently from
the soil a very small portion of the ele
ments of fertility. The lint of ootton is
composed almost entirely of elements
that are abundant in every soil or easily
available from the atmosphere.
If to an acre of land which produces
one hundred and fifty pounds of lint
cotton, all the seed, leaves, stems and
other portions of the plant be returned
to the soil, the latter will have lost the
following elements- carried off in the
lint:
Phosphoric acid 0 25 lbs.
Potash 0.50 “
Lime 0.75 11
Magnesia 0.25 “
Nitrogen 1.00 “
On the other hand, a crop of ten
bushels of wheat (all of which is market
ed) removes from the soil:
Phosphoric acid 5.00 lbs.
Potash 330 “
Lime. 0.30 “
Magnesia 1.40 “
Nitrogen 1.240 “
An average crop of corn will carry off
similar proportions of the scarce and val
uable elements.
Thus we see that cotton does not per
ceptibly exhaust the soil by conveying
off in the crop these elements, provided
the seed or their equivalent be returned
to the land. But owing to the fact that
it is a clean-hoed crop, occupying the
the land the entire summer, the soil los
es greatly by the washing leaching ef
fects of rain water—especially in winter.
We need some crop to take possession of
the soil in the fall, and hold it together
during the winter. This need is supplied
by either of the small grain crops, but
especially oats. The best land should be
sown in oats and wheat, and the re
mainder in rye. The latter will furnish
some grazing duiing mild, dry weather,
and may be turned under in the spring i
preparatory to a crop of corn. If the |
small grain crop be followed immediately
by cow peas for turning under, or even
if left (without depasturing) to lie during
the summer and grow up in weeds and
gras*, the soil will be rapidly filled with
vegetable matter, humus, and be in good
condition for the crop of corn, which
should follow in the rotation.
PHOSPHATE OF LIME-PHOS
PHORIC ACID.
There is a great difference in value be
tween phosphoric acid and phosphate of
lime. Phosphoric acid is what is need
ed for plant food; but if instead of stating
the percentage to be phosphoric acid, it
is stated to be bone phosphate of lime,
farmers are liable to be deceived. Per
haps it is sometimes intended that they
be deceived. Phosphoric acid only
should be stated in setting forth the
merits of a fertilizer, as that is the ele
ment that feeds the plant. Phosphate of
lime is composed of phosphoric acid ar.d
lime in nearly equal proportions. The
insoluble phosphate, like common bone
or Charleston rock, is treated with sul
phuric acid which takes a portion of the
lime from the phosphoric acid, leaving
the latter still as a phosphate, (bi-phos
phate), but soluble and available. A
fertilizer which has—say 33 per cent, of
phosphate of lime, cannot be made to
yield quite 15 per cent, of phosphoric
acid.
SMALL NOTES.
The Country Gentleman remarks as fol
lows; The smell of fresh manure is
commonly supposed to be a waste of
their valuable proberties. It is one of
those cases wherin “a little learning is a
dangerous thing.”
The escape of ammonia is a loss, but it
is not commonly ammonia which passes
off from freshly spread manure. We can
detect ammonia in the escaped air from
rapidly decomposing horse manure and
around stables, but the stench from fresh
dung is not of any particular value. So it
is not safe to judge of the fertilizing value
of any manure by the smell. Some of the
best fertilizers are inodorous.
The fact is that a thin covering of dry
earth oyer manure heaps will entirely
prevent the escape of ammonia. On the
surface of a plowed field, manure will
soon be covered with a thin crating of
earth, entirely preventing loss.
Formula for Irish Potatoes.
Stable manure 750 lbs.
Virgin soil from hammock. .600 “
Acid phosphate or dis. bone 550 “
Muriate of potash 150 *’
Making a ton of 2000 “
The muriate of potash must be dissol
ved in warm water and sprinkled upon
the other ingredients as the heap is pre
pared.
Hull-leas Oats.
The Amreican /griculturint says this
humbug, to its certain knowledge, has
been known in this country for thirty
years, “Bohemian” having been added
for “grandeur.” Ohio hw-le»s oats men
have been selling them at $lO per bushel,
and binding their dupes not to sell them
at a less price. The trick has got some
farmers ic the scrape of having quantities
a very inferior grain at hand tnat they
cannot sell at any price.
HORSFORD’S ACID PHOSPHATE
in Indigestion and General Debility.
I have used the Acid Phosphate in my own
family in case of indigestion and general
debility, with entirely satisfactory results.
S. H. MOOKE, M. D.
Indianapolis, Ind.
“I Am All Played Out”
is a common complaint. If you feel so, get
a package of Kidney-Wort and take it, and
you will at once feel its tonic power. It re
news the healthy action of the kidneys,
bowels and liver, and thus restores the nat
ural life and strength to the weary body. It
can now be had in either dry or liquid form
and in either way is always prompt and effi
cient in action.—New Bedford Standard.
Faded or Gray Hair gradually recovers its
youthful color and lustre by the use of Park
er’s Hair Balsam, an elegant dressing ad
mired for its purity and rich perftime.
feb24 4t
ADVERTTSEMENTS.
WARNER’S
SAFE KIDNEY & LIVER CURE
The leading Scientist! of to-day agree that most
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“It is the remedy that wilt cure the many
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This Remedy, which has done such wonders,
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H. H. WARNER * CO.,
_fanßotf Rochester. N. Y,
WOJLLVS TRIUMPH!
MRS. LYDIA L PINKHAM, OF LYNN, MASS,
discoverer or
LYDIA E. PINKHAM’S
VEGETABLE COMPOUND.
The Positive Cure
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LYDIA E. PINKHAM’. VEGETABLE COM
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No family should be without LYDIA E. PINKHAM’S
LIVER PILLS. They cure constipation, biliousness*
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BOSTON, MASS,
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Ju, The International Sunday-School
Lesson Hymnal.— l4o original lesson hymns,
with music, covering the lesions of the whole
year, 32 choice old pieces, 8 opening and closing—
-183 pieces in all. Arranged for both old and
new lunes. Price. 35 per 100 copies (postage extra).
Sample copy, postpaid, Bc. DAVID C. COOK,
feblO 4t 137 Madison BL, Chicago.
?hur h. School, Flro-ata-m, Fkrt-MwrUpMKprtoed, wu-raafe
• vatalogue with 1500tesU mon I aLi, prices, etc., sent free.
Ilymyer Manufacturing Co>a Cincinnati, <X
Jy27-26t.'
E'/'") Varieties French Chromo Satin, Pearl fin-
O(_/ ished, etc., cards name In gold, 10c. Card
Mills, Northford, Ct dec9-tf
ADVERTISEMENTS.
SALEM IRON WORKS,
SAL E Tvl, N. O.
C. A. HEGE, Proprietor,
MANUFACTURER OF
Improved Circular Nair Mills with
vorval Loss lleam,
RKCniJNK VR, SHMULTANBOIB SKI’ WORKS
and DOUBLE ECCENTRIC FRICTION FRED.
The Rimpleat, cheapest, best and most accurate,
warranted to saw lumber true and even.
Took Premiums at North Georgia Fair, *SO in
cash, aud Alabama Slate Fair, Diploma and S3O
in cash.
Five sizes built. Send for descriptive circular®.
J. H. ANDERSON, Agent,
89 Broad St., Atlanta, Ga.,
DEALER IN SAW MILLS, ENGINES, Eto,
nov2s ts
ENGSTROM’S RAZORS,
_ BOSTON. MASS.
UNITED STATES
THE BEST IN THE WORLD.
Theoe RAZORS are esteemed in Europe aa the
best cutter* made in the WORLD. Tho testimony
that comes to us in regard to them is that •* in cut*
ting quality there does not exist any Razorfl
at all that cau stand a comparison with
those made by JOHAN FNGSTROM.”
Extreme care is used In their manufacture.
They are made of the BEST STEEL ATTAINABLE;
every blade being hardened and tempered by MR.
ENGSTROM himself by a secret chemical procesa
which renders it impossible for any Razor not to ba
of the Best Cutting: Quality.
They will be found to shave any beards growing
on the human face.
The experience of the thousand* In th® United
States who have used these ENGSTROM’S
RAZORS during the past three years fully verifies
the excellence claimed for them above.
JV. B. The high reputation won by three ranri made by
ENGSTROM m SWEDENhaeinduced tome EngliA
makere to instate the form and etamp on the face of their
blades the wordt “ Swedish Rotors. To distinguish tho
genuine, see that they are stamped on tAe shank of the raaorn
JOHAN ENGSTROM.
FOR SALE BY DEALERS IN CUTLERY.
Mailed to any address on receipt of the prlca,
which is for black handle medium and small size,
*2 00; wide blade, |2.56; Ivory, *3.00; extra ivory.
*3.50 each.
Every RAZOR is folly WARRANTED by
BRADFORD & ANTHONY,
Sole Ageats for Engstrom's Swedish Razors,
374 Washington St., Boston, Mass.
Importers, Manufacturers' Agents and Dealers 1B
American and Foreign
CUTLEFIY.
dec9 eowSm
A BOOK FOR THE TIMES:
Testimony of the Ages;
or, CONFIRMATIONS OF THE BCRIPTUREfIL
By the Eminent Scholar and Popular Writer.
Rev. HERBERT W. MORRIS, D. D.. Author Os
’ Work Days of (lod. or Science and the Bible,” A®*
A new and massive work, containing nearly 5000 distinct
conflrinat ons of the truth, and historical accuracy of about
2500 passages of Scripture; testimonials gathered from
Monumental Inscriptions. Egyptian Hieroglyphics, Chal
dean Tablets, Ancient Coins and Sculptures from the ruin®
of Nineveh. Babylon; Ancient and Modern Literature.His
tory, Science. Philosophy, and Poetry, the whole forming
A GRAND ACCUMULATION OF
STOREHOUSE OF A RGUM ENTS THEN AURUBOT
FACTS, TREASURY OF ILLUSTRATIONS,
a concentration us thu light of nil ages to Illumina God*®
Word.
Very rahiahle to Sunday-School Teachers, Ministers ana
Biblical Students whose libraries are /imiieJ.—BISHOP
Si M PSON.
Will do good Service.—Bkv. Jno. II m.I.D D , New York*
An invaluable thesaurus.—Rkv, B. L. Agnkw, D. D w
Philadelphia. ,
Effectual antidote to the skepticism of the day .—MINIS*
TKitiAi. Association of Rochester. N.Y. »
Will strengthen our faith in (rod’s Word, and greatly
large our knowledge as to its scope and bearing.— BlSHOP
StEVENS
Contains much that is very valuable.— PßES. PORTKB ©Y
E very Pastor, every Sunday-School Teacher, every
Student, and every reader of the Bible, should
have a copy of this invaluable work.
Published in one MAGNIFICENT VOLUME, contain
/ng 1000 Royal Octavo pages, with morn than 100 Illustra
tions, several of thorn from full-page Steel Plates of th®
finest description. Full Index. Four styles of binding.
Prices low. Send forfull descriptive Circular. AGENTS
WANTED. Libera! Commissi ns. Large sales. For
terms, address J. C. McCURRY. A CO., PubllahcHt
Philadelphia, I’u. Chicago, 111., or
Cincinnati, O. St- Louin, Mob
jy27»eow4t
THE MARSHALL HOUSE
With Its Bpacloui vestibule, extensive and ele
gant verandah, affording 'adie« a flue view of the
promenade. Airy and well-ventilated rooms, and
unrivaled table, Is par excellence the leading
hotel of Savannah.
Our motto still will be, “a full house at mod
erate rates,” which means the best of everything
at the LOWEST POSSIBLE FIGURES.
The increased patronage received by this house
under its present management, has necessitated
the lease bt what was formerly known as the
“Florida House,” and It has been supplied with
elegant lUrniture, c irpets, etc., and forms a grand
combination under one management, which will
be appreciated by the traveling public.
JOHN BRESNAN,
jau27 ts Manager.
EVERY CHURCH MEMBER SHOULD GET THE
PRAYER-MEETIN6 MANUAI
Containing a Theme or Topic (with References, Bug“
gestions, and an appropriate Hymn.) for each week in
leyear. By ALFRED NEVIN, D. I)., LU D.
64 Pages; Price, per copy, IO cents.
The author says: “It will under the Divine blessing, se
cure the following advantages: 1. Make the theme for re
mark on a given evening, known a week in advance. 2. Lead
to the examination of passages of Scripture parallel to the
one specifically selected for meditation. 8. Produce unity
and point in the prayers which are offered.” Order a sample
of your bookseller or Church Depository, or send price to
V. GARRETT cn..TOB Chestnut St.. Philadelphia, Pa.
ijr Postage stamps accepted—ones preferred.
Jan2o eow4t
Second Hand ingtmmentz at BARGAINS.
AGENTS WANTED. Illustrated CATA
LOGUE FRER. HORACE WATERS St
Co., 836 Broadway. N. Y. augSfitf
♦ STOVE PIPE SHELF
AND UTENSIL STAND.
AGBIVTB WAVTED for th*
most convenient article ever oflbM
to housekeepers. Agent® meet with
greeter success than ever. One %gen*
made SIGS in IS days, anotbergSS
In S days, another 657 in 1 day. Boxing and
Freight Free to Agent®. Send for circular® to
nearest address. J. E. SHEPARD A <M>.,
Cincinnati, 0., or St. Loula, Into
augl eow39t
CHURCH ORGAN FOR SALE.
WE have one large Church Organ, pedal, for sale.
wblc h we will sell cheap. It is a large ana
splendid church organ, ana cost originally one
thousand dollars, and was specially manufactured
fur ns by Mr. Estey.
The organ can be seen at Thb Index office.
JAS. P. HARRISON A CO.
■> NONPAREIL
3CFARM FEED MILLS
JsSnaKs.- The Cheapest and Best.
pwESB, Will Crush and Grind Any thing.
Illustrated Catalogue FREE.
|_. J. MILLER, Cineisnati. 0.
Jy2o-eowßt
14-STOP ORGANS,
SUB BASSrS?;.»'I«
Pianos 8135 A upwards sent on trial. Catalogue
free. Address Daniel F. Beatty, Washington, N. J.
je!7 eowly __
J**®” 4 **"*!!**
arm W«>
toplo ©OWwtJt
frn All Gold, Chromo A Llt’g Cerda, (Notwo
OU Alike,) Name on, Wo. Clinton Brea.
Clintonville, Conn. oet9Beow33t
7