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The Farmers’ Index.
All letteni Intended for the Editor «f thia De
partment should be addressed, “Fabmirs' Index,
Drawer M, Atlanta, Ga.”
THE OPENING SPRING.
PLANTING CORN.
Spring weather will have commenced
in earnest by the time this paper reaches
the reader. A hard, cold winter does
not imply a late, fitful spring, but on the
contrary planting weather may arrive at
an earlier period than it often does after
a m<ld winter. It is well known that
spells of weather sometimes occur in this
climate, even in January, when corn
would come up promptly. We are liable
to be deceived by all the indications of
approaching spring that are usually re
lied on—the weatherwise to the contrary
notwithstanding. How o'ten have the
swelling buds and opening flowers been
blasted by the breath of Winter return
ed, or, as practically expressed, “Winter
lingering in the lap of Soring. ” W e have
several times been tempted, by the gen
ial warmth and general indications of
spring,to plant corn as earlyas from 14th to
20th of February. But we are quite sure
that we never gained anything by such
early planting. Seasons have occured
when corn and other crops might have
been safely planted even in January as
well as February, but we happened never
to have availed us of such occasions.
The true rule is to plant when the time
of year lias arrived which, by long ex
perience and observation, has been found
to give the best results. Os course, the
soil must be in proper state of prepara
tion and not too wet. Temperature of
the air.and soil is of no moment. Indeed,
it is more important that the weather
shall be warm during the process of ad
vanced germination than during plant
ing ; and if it is cold weather when plant
ing and continues for several days, it is
more likely that the weather will be
suitable for coming up. Under ordinary
circumstanct s, corn seed planted in
spring commences to come up in about
two weeks. It is more important that
the latter half of the time be favorable
than that the several days preceding
and following the planting be warm and
■drv.
Most old farmers have learned by ex
perience to adopt a particular day of the
month on which to commence planting,
whether it be warm or cold. In the lat
itude of 32 deg. we found that from sth
to 10th of March was the proper time to
commence planting the main field crop,
and for many years we adhered to it as
a rule, regardless of temperature, some
times breaking the frozen eat th to deposit
the seed.
BERMUDA GRASS.
The farmers of Middle Georgia only a
few years ago considered this grass as a
great growing pest, and that it was des
tined in a generation or two to take pos
session of and ruin the country for cot
ton planting. In fact many plantations
where it had obtained a foot-hold were
gradually reduced in cultivated area, and
some .of them actually given up—aban
doned to the supposed enemy. It was
represented lobe absolutely ineradicable,
and that a field once thoroughly set in
Bermuda could never be cultivated
again in corn or cotton. Some farmers
still dread it as they do the— small pox,
and could not be induced to encourage
its extension. But the objection, of
later years, is chiefly traditional, and
confined mostly to those who have had
no recent experience of its value and of
the methods by which it may be managed
to the best profit.
Its value for grazing purposes has all
the time been admitted, though not fully
appreciated, except by a few. Twenty
five years ago, if it had been possible to
totally and forever blot it out from the
list of existing grasses, such a verdict
would have received nearly, if not quite,
an unanimous vote from those who had
seen or heard of Bermuda, its very
tenacity of life and the impossibility of
totally destroying it, which was then con
sidered the great objection to its en
couragement, must now be deemed a
virtue—since by means of it we have
had the grass preserved to this genera
tion, and to be left to those to come who
will be likely to appreciate it much more
highly than we, and utilize it more ex
tensively.
According to the analysis by Dr. St.
Julian Ravenel, of Charleston, South
Carolina, Bermuda is nearly equal in
value to timothy, which is considered one
of the best cultivated grasses. Dr. W.
L. Jcnes says: “For strictly summer
grazing, no grass compares with the Ber
muda. It combines every quality that
can be desired; it will grow in any kind
or quality of land, poor or rich (better
of course on rich); is never killed out by
•drought or by close grazing; bears the
hoof without injury, and does not im
poverish the soil; on the contrary, land
set in it will steadily become more fertile.
It is highly nutritious and much relished
by stock of all kinds. It furnishes pas
ture from May to November, and when
on rich land and not close grazed in sum
mer and fall, will furnish fair grazing
through the early winter... .But for its
being a pest in cultivated fields, Ber
muda grass would be beyond value.”
We could easily fill columns with ex
tracts from intelligent farmers in Middle
■Georgia who have had experience with
it and who are almost unanimous in es
teeming it a most valuable grass.
The question occurs—if Bermuda grass
is so very valuable and so easily prop
agated, why has it not been more exten
sively utilized ami relied on as the found
ation for a better and more profitable
husbandry? The answer to this is the
same that may be given to many similar
-questions. Middle Georgia, the section
in which Bermuda grass first took pos
session and spread over the old fields,
was for a long period, par excellence, the
cototn and black belt of the State. The
chief business of the farmer has been to
grow cotton and corn and kill grass. It is
ard to get out of the old ruts. Besides
to properly utilize grass, we must keep
more and better stock, especially sheep,
and produce our own horses and mules.
In fact without grass we cannot grow
more stock, and without stock we eannot
fully utilize the grass. The old saying,
“more grass, more stock; more stock,
more manure; more manure, more grass,
is the best example of reasoning in a
circle we have ever seen. It contains the
germ idea that the true farmer will pros
per, not so much by handling of money
crops, as by the constant increase in the
number and value of his stock, and the
increased productiveness and constantly
increasing value of his lands.
THE CHRISTIAN INDEX AND SOUTH-WESTERN BAPTIST: THURSDAY, MARCH 10, 1881.
March is considered about the most
favorable time for setting a field in Ber
muda grass. Those who are familiar
with its habits need not to be informed
how to set it. If desired to get a full
stand as early as possible the pieces of
roots should be dropped in shallow fur
rows drawn three or four feet apart, and
the same distance in the furrows, and
» covered or trod upon with the
f the field is fresh plowed the grass
will take possession the first year and
form a good sod the next.
latent FERTILITY.
All soils that are not absolutely and
hopelessly sterile, contain, in addition
to the soluble and available plantfood, a
greater or less amount of food elements
which on account of being in insoluble
combination with other elements, are in
accessible to the roots of growing crops.
This unavailable portion may be called
the latent fertility of the soil. It is a re
markable fact that much the greater part
of the food elements of the soil is in this
insoluble form. The action of the ele
ments, water, air, heat, together with the
freezing to which the soil is subjected in
winter, the action of these elements on
each other, aided by cultivation and
manure, all conspire to render a portion
of this food soluble every day. And here
is where we discover the great value of
thorough plowing and frequent cultiva
tion. Every process that breaks up or
pulverizes the soil has a manurial effect
in this view of the case. By plowing
the land we not only enable the air and
moisture to permeate it more thoroughly,
but the position of the different particles
of soil with reference to each other and
to the surfuce is constantly changed, and
thereby the chemical processes which
are constantly going on are facilitated.
It the farmers, instead of relying al
most solely upon commercial fertilizers
to supply the want of available plantfood
in the soil, would study how to avail
themselves of the immense quantity al
ready in the soil, it would be better. In
an acre of moderately fertile soil, taken
to the depth of twelve inches, .the quan
tity of phosphoric acid and potash
available and unavailable—is as great as
the amount of these elements contained
in twenty-five tons of a high grade fer
tilizer.
ANTI-MONOPOLY.
One of the features of the time is the
spirit and growth of organized resistance
to the overreaching power of monopolies
in thiscountry-j-especially in the North.
Recently a “National Anti-Monopoly
League” was organized in New York for
the protection of the rights of the citizen
against the aggresion of corporations, by
the enforcement of the principles of right
and natural justice, as defined by the
Supreme Court of the United States.
This League proposes to secure among
others, the following results :
1. Laws compelling transportation
companies to base their charges upon
“cost and risk of service” instead of the
new theory enunciated by them —“what
the traffic will bear.”
2. Laws to prevent pooling and com
binations.
3. No discrimination againstanycitizen
or class of citizens on public highways.
4. Railroad commissions or courts,
State and National, to give effect to
laws. , , ~.
5. Laws making it the duty of public
law officers to defend a citizen’s rights
against injustice by powerful corpora
tions.
6. No taxing the public to pay divid
ends on watered stock.
7. Stringent laws against bribery, in
cluding a prohibition of free passes.
The association proposes to organize
State, County and District Leagues. To
influence so far as possible, the nom
ination, by existing political parties, of
candidates who will support ithe princi
ples of the League.
THE STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY
Owing to the prevalence of measles in the
to nd of Bainbridge, the spring session of
the State Agricultural Society was held in
the beautiful and flourishing city of Thom
asville. The attendauce was not as large as
usual, owing to the lateness of the season,
and the opening of the first propitious weath
er for farm operations that week.
Col. Thomas Hardeman, Jr., the Presi
dent, was at his post, although suffering
from rheumatism in the foot.
Col. Robert G. Mitchell, the eloquent and
excellent Solicitor-General of the circuit,
welcomed the Convention in behalf of the
citizens in an address, brief, beautiful and
pertinent. Hon. R. J. Poweli, of Barnes
ville, responded in behalf of the Society in a
happy and pungent style.
President Hardeman, in his opening ad-,
dress—a sort of introductory sermon—suc
cessfully combatted the idea that Georgia
was growing poorer, bringing forward a mass
of facts and figures, sustaining bis views,
that electrified and enthused his audience.
One source of President Hardeman's power
is, that he uses figures drawn from the Bible
—always beautiful and appropriate.
The desire of delegates to get back to their
farms induced the merging of a three days’
session into two days.
Gen. W. M. Browne, Professor of Agricul
ture in the University of Georgia, made a
report full of valuable facts and suggestions.
L F. Livingstone, of Newton, elaborately
argued that the culture of the average up
lands in Georgia could be made remunera-
Dr. W. B. Jones, of Burke, delivered a
strong address on “The Importance of Hu
mus in Southern Soils.”
Hon. B. F. Crayton, President of the South
Carolina Agricultural Convention, advoca
ted fencing stock instead of fencing crops.
His address bristled with wit and fact, and
made a fine impression.
Col. 0. W- Mabry, of LaGrange, gave val
uable suggestions on the selection of milch
Dr. H. H. Cary, Superintendent of Fisher
ies in Georgia,—“Old Carp,” as he is called
—made a report on German carp, and the
construction and management of carp
ponds.
David Nichols, of Cobb county, gave the
Society his method of preventing land from
washing.
Mr. W. G. Whidby spoke of the future of
North Georgia from Atlanta to the Tugalo
river, showing its growth and possibilities.
Prof. H. 0. White, of the University of
Georgia, delivered a learned and scholarly
address on Science applied to the avocations
of life. He brought science down to the
comprehension of the masses, and was, in
amusement parlance, “encored.”
E. C. Grier, of Griswoldville, was elected
Secretary. „ . r , r
It was resolved to hold a fair at Macon on
the 17th of October.
The Society endorsed the Cotton Exposi
tion at Atlanta, and resolved to aid it in
every possible way.
The Society visited the Male and Female
Colleges. Thomasville is filled with North
ern invalids and pupils attending the excel
lent colleges.
Rev. E. Q. F. Golden. Bishop of the Bap
tist church, is getting along finely. The ex
cellent organists, Miss Emma Williams and
Mrs Susie 8. Finn, are projecting some im
provements for the interior of the church
edifice, and when they will it you may cab
culate upon its being done.
The venerable S. Alexander Smith has
been indisposed for several weeks, but is
slowly convalescing.
Our venerable brother Gaulden is in ex
cellent health, and enjoys a drive in a new
and handsome carriage.
HORSFORD'S ACID PHOSPHATE
In Malarial Prostration.
Have used Horsford’s Acid Phosphate con
siderably, and like its effects very much;
especially in malarial prostration.
GM. BELL, M. D.
Benton Harbor, Mich.
A Good Housewife.
The good housewife, when she is giving
her house its spring renovating, should bear
in mind that the dear inmates of her house
are more precious than many houses, and
that their systems need cleansing by purify
ing the blood, regulating the stomach and
bowels to prevent and cure the diseases
arising from spring malaria and miasma, and
she must know that there is nothing that
will do it so perfectly and surely as Hop Bit
ters, the purest and best of medicines. —Con-
cord, N. H. Patriot.
James Slover, of Pulaski county, Ind.,
writes : “ I bad the Dyspepsia and Liver
complair.t for nine years, could Keep noth
ing on my stomach ; I was induced to use
Dr. Harter’s Liver Pills; after I had used one
box of Pills I experienced a decided improv
ment, and when I had finished the second
one I was entirely cured ”
Mary had a little lamb, its fleece was white
as snow, she washed it oft with Dobbins'
Electric Soap, and that’s what made it so.
(made by Cragiu & Co., Philadelphia, Pa.)
Try it once.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
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The leading Scientist! of to-day agree that most
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"It Is the remedy that will cure the many
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—C. A. Harvey, D.D., Washington, D.C.
This Remedy, which has done such wonders,
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enquire for Warner’s Safe Diabetes Cure. It Is as
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I? , HENDE I R I SO ,I N’s‘
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I Our Experimental Grounds in
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Jr 35 Cortlaf dt Street, New York.
feblo-18t
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STOVE PIPE SHELF
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Ual/a Unnnv I 11 <lrow fruit. Manage business,
make Money I U And Secure Happiness.
Saves many times its cost every Season. 860 pages.
140 illustrations. .Send for Circulars and terms to a
4 J. C. McCURDY, Philadelphia, Pa,
jy27«eow4t
CALEB KIRBY,
MANUFACTURER OP
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QP Fashionable Cards, no two alike, with
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ADVERTISEMENTS.
READ CAREFULLY. GIVE IT THOUGHT.
0
THE ALABAMA STATE GAZETTEER
AND
BTTSIITESS DIRECTORY.
0
Is now I elng published, and will be issued in April of this year, No State Directory has ever
been published that will cover so vast a field, or be of such great usefulness to the business men as
the Directory of Alabama. The woik will be so arranged as to meet the every day wants of the
business community and traders.
As a book of reference It will be invaluable. To the business man as an advertising medium, it
can have no equal; for the whole Slate, besides the principal cities of the North, South, and
West will be canvassed; hence a circulation among thousands of persons to whom, at a very trifling
cost, you can make known your business.
It will contain over one thousand pepos, over three thousand planters’ names with post-office
address, sketch of evt rv town, village ana hamlet, with population, leading industries, shipping di
rections, etc.; list of all meichanis, manufacturers, professional and business men; State, County
and City officials; Courts, with time aid place of meeting; railroads, rivers mid islands. In a word,
the publisher intends making this publication so valuable a compendium of information as will en
title it to the supr ort of all business men throughout the country.
I*or further information address
ROSS A. SMITH, Publisher, Exchange Hotel, Montgomery, Ala.
Ako i üblisr.er of the South ( srolina Directory, which is now on sale.
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Tenth] CHURCH’S [Year
MUSICAL VISITOR
“• - IS ®HE -
MOST POPULAR MUSICAL MAGAZINE,
gp- BECAUSE
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free the choice of
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The cost, in sheet form, of the music in the
VISITOR and Premium would be about S2O.
SUBSCRIPTION $1.50 ONLY.
Mention grade of music preferred, and
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IF YOU WISH TO BUY, SELL, OR PROCURE
PATENTS,
Apply to F. E. ZERBE, Manager of the
AMERICAN PATENT AGENCY,
50 Marietta Street, Atlanta, Ga. Pub-
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AMERICAN INVENTOR.
Al 6 page illustrated mechanical and scientific
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Subscription 81 per year. feb3-6t
OIL PAINTING
CHROMO & FRAME COMPANY
76 Poplar St., Macon, Ga.
DEALER IN ALL KINDS WORKS
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; W can positively be
! Mved. For Illustrated Pamphlet, giving Dill par
i ticulars, address The Thomas Harrow Co M ueneva,R.Y.
| febl7-tt
WANTED.
LECTURERS and ORGANIZERS for the Sons
of Temperance, in every Province, State and
Territory. Only efficient workers, who can come
well recommended need apply. For particulars,
address H. 8. MCCOLLUM,
Most Worthy Scribe.
febl7-7t St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
BELL FOUNDRY
J 1 Bells of Pure Copper and Tin for Cbarchea
Fire Alarms, Farms, etc. FULLY
WARRANTED. Catalogue se,nt Free.
<~jg» VANDUZEN & TIFT, Clnoinnsti. O.
apll
RAILROADS.
SALEM IRON WORKS,
sale mr, isr. o.
O. A. HEGE, Proprietor,
MANUFACTURER OF
Improved Circular Saw Mil la with f7as
- Log Hearn,
RECriLINEkR, SIMULTANEOUS WORKS
and DOUBLE ECCENTRIC FRICTION FEED.
The simplest, cheapest, best and most accurate,
warranted to saw lumber true and even.
Took Premiums at North Georgia Fair, SSO in
cash, and Alabama State Fair, Diploma and S3O
in cash.
Five sizes built. Send for descriptive circulars.
J. H. ANDERSON, Agent,
69 Broad St., Atlanta, Ga.,
DEALER IN SAW MILLS, ENGINES, ETC.
nova. 1 ) ts _____
ENGSTROM'S RAZORS.
r, BOSTON.MASS.
UHn “ STSTEi,
THE BEST IN THE WORLD.
These RAZORS are esteemed in Europe as the
best cutters made in the WORLD. The testimony
that comes to us in regard to them is that “ in cut*
ting: quality there does not exist any Kazors
at all that can stand a comparison with
those made by JOHAN ENGSTROM.”
Extreme care is used in their manufacture.
They are made of the BEST STEEL ATTAINABLE,
every blade being hardened and tempered by MR.
ENGSTROM himself by a secret chemical process
which renders It Impossible for any Razor not to be
of the Best Cutting Quality.
They will be found to shave any beards growing
on the human face.
The experience of the thousand* in ths United
States who have used these ENGSTROM’S
RAZORS during the past three years fully verifies
the excellence claimed for them above.
F. B.— The hiqh reputation won by these razors made by
ENGSTROM in SWEDEN has induced tome English
makers to imitate the form and stamp on the face of their
blades the words ** Swedish Razors. To distinguish the
genuine. see that they are stamped on the shank of the rotor.
JOHAN ENGSTROM.
FOR SALE BY DEALERS IN CUTLERY.
Mailed to any address on receipt of the price,
which is for black handle medium and small size,
$2.00; wide blade, $2.50; ivory, $3.00: extra ivory,
$3.50 each.
Every RAZOR h ftilly WARRANTED by
BRADFORD & ANTHONY,
Sole Agents for Engstrom’s Swedish Kazors,
374 Washington St., Boston, Mass.
Importers, Manufacturers’ Agents and Dealers In
American and Foreign
CUTLERY.
dec9 eowSm
| FREE ID MAIL. KAfiS
■l2 Roses of the best named sorts. $ I,ooQl|ff&4
112 Geraniums, best new sorts, ■ '
■ IG Tube Roses,
1 111 Gladiolus, all flowering bulbs, - 1.00 LJIYM
■ S Os each of the above two, - - i.OOKQteW
I l Palms, nice plants, al! different, I.OOtTyaSS
112 Begonias,all different, - - I.OOtrSUM
■ 12 New Fancy Coleus, all different, l OOMAI/jM
■2O Basket Plants ... i.OOMsBLI
■2O Carnations, 6 sorts. - - ■ I.OOMwm
■ Kufe Arrival <>iiHrnnteed. 6of theM
■ above collection* lor $5.00; nil *vnl by
KLnHk antll fret*. Send for eutaloguv.
leb24 eow3t
HOOK & HASTINGS
BOSTON, MASS,
Builders of the Grand Organ for the Cincinnati
Music Hall; the powerful Centernial Organ; the
great Organ In Plymouth Church, Brooklyn,and
of over
1,000
CHURCH ORGANS
For every part of the country- We invite atten
tion to our new style of Parlor Organ (of pipes
only) at prices varying from 8450 to 81,COO, and
upwards.
MUSIC COMMITTEES, ORGANISTS, and
others are invlted'to apply to us direct for
mation connected with our art. Descriptive circu
lars and specifications furnished on application.
Second-hand Organs in great variety for sale at
bargains to purchasers.feblo-eow26t
EVERY CHURCH MEMBER SHOULD GET THE
PRAYER-MEETING MAHUAI
Containing a Theme or Topic (with References, Sujr
gestions, and an appropriate Hymn.) for each week la
the year. By ALFRED NEVLV, 1). 1)., LL. D.
64 Pages; Price, per copy, 10cents.
The author says: "It will under the Divine bleiilng. se
cure the following advantages: l. Make the theme tor re*
mark on a given evening, known a week in advance. 2. Lead
to the examination of passages of Scripture parallel to the
one specifically selected for meditation. 3. Produce unity
and point in the prayers which are offered.” Order a sample
of vour bookseller or Church Depository, or send price to
P. GARRETT &L C0..708 Chestnut St.. Philadelphia, Pa.
Postage stamps accepted—ones preferred,
Jan2oeow4t
A. ST WINDING
GOLD WATCH
FOR $35.00.
In order to close out a large stock, we are offer
ing double cased solid gold American Watches,
either Gents’ or 1 adies’ sizes, for 835.C0each. Every
watch is accompanied by our special certificate
and guarantee.
Goods will be sent by express C. O. D., with
privilege of examining before purchasing.
Send in your orders for Christmas presents.
J. P. STEVENS & CO.,
WHOLKSA-LK JEWELERS,
34 Whitehall St., ATLANTA, GA.
».• Send for Catalogue and Prices. sep!6 ts
ssotoslooaMo.|jl7iDl 11
faMswomen
Tvpea of Female Heroism, Beauty, and Influence. Women
who have built up nations or shone resplendent; how will
predominated, virtue triumphed, knowledge won victories.
Magnificent Full*pagt Steel-plate Engraving, worth twice
the price. Selling fast. A perfect beauty. Picasea every
body. Send for circulars and terms to agents. Address,
P. W. ZIEGLER & CO., WOO Arch Street, Philadelphia.
sept 39 lam 8m
NONPAREIL
3c FARM & FEED MILLS
The Cheapest and Best.
• ® rus ' l “d
Illustrated Catalogue FREE.
L J. MILLER, Ciiauai, 0.
Jy2o-eow3t
14-STOP ORGANS,
GfTTT* T* A ClCf A Oct. Coupler ’
•3 UJS B ASS 4 Set Reeds, 868
Pianos $123 & upwards sent on trial. Catalogue
tree. Address Daniel F. Beatty, Washington, N. J.
je!7 eowly
f—CY rwf'ime l Chr«ma fc. n.w. «n lOfl. « Mli.l C—l« W1
K J «». xmr., K* aiv»h album. «o»
All Gold, Chromo 4 Llt’g Cards, (Notwo
eJV Alike,) Name on, 10c. Clinton Bros
Clintonville, Conn. oct2Beow2Bt
Charch, School, rire-.lirtn, rioe-too«l, lo.w-prtM4, wuna>
ST cotologoowlth IMOlCTtlmonlris.FrtOM.Wo.,Mitres
I Slymyer Manufacturing Co., Ctaoianau,<K
I Jy27-26tj
7