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The Christian Index. BY JAS. P. HARRISON & CO. The Christian Index. Publication Rooms, 27 and 29 8. Broad. St The King of Ashantee has reconsid ered the matter, and will not go to war with Greit Britain for the present. A dispitch from Constantinople says: “Official reports show tint fifty deaths from the plague occurred at Nedjeff in five days, and eleven at Dja gara." Blight Proof Pkar.—We direct the attention of fruit-groweis to the advertisement of Kieffer's hybrid blight proof pear. Catalogue of fruits and flowers free. See advertisement of Wm. Parry, Pomona Nurseries. The Detroit Central Socialist Labor Club denounce the assertions of Justus Schwab, the noted New York commu nist, relative to the alleged proposed killing of Jay Gould, Vanderbilt and others. Both Houses of the Missouri Legis lature on Thursday adopted resolutions of sympathy for the Irish people, and a salute in honor of St. Patrick was fired by the Adjutant-General under instructions from the Legislature. A German man-of-war has destroyed the habitations of the tribe on the coast of Liberia who plundered a Ger man merchant ship. One native was killed, and nine hostages were taken. Liberia agrees to pay £I,OOO compen sation for the plundering. The new Czar of Russia has an nounced that his policy will be peace and reform. Nevertheless his life has already been threatened by the Nihil ists. A mine ready for explosion, and near one of the imperial palaces in St. Petersburg, has been discovered by the police. ♦ Foreign Countries. —A series of sketches descriptive of foreign countries will appear, from time to time, in the “Household Department,” written for The Christian Index, by a competent writer. Our “Household” readers will find these sketches both interesting and valuable. — Official advices have been received by the Government from Matamoras that tons of infected rags are being constantly shipped from Mexico to the United States, destined to large manu factories, where they are ground and used in the manufacture of paper. The matter is undergoing investigation, with a view to punishing offenders. —The Communists in the United Stateshave held meetings in a num ber of cities, and passed resolutions con gratulating the Nihilists of Russia on their success in the assassination of the Czar, and encouraging their breth ren in Europe to persist in the actjpm • plishment of their designs. ♦ ♦ Parry’s Carriage Manufactory. —We take great pleasure in recom mending to our readers the famous carriage manufactory of Mr. A. N. Par ry at Amesbury, Mass., the advertise ment of which appears in our columns. The utility of judicious advertising is illustrated in Mr. Parry’s case; since 1877 his name as a manufacturer of elegant carriages, buggies, phretons, «tc., has been familiar to our readers, and we are glad to know that his rep utation for first-class workmanship has been duly appreciated and his patron age from this section has correspond ingly increased. Mr. Parry’s factory is one of the best equipped in the .North, and we advise all who wish to purchase carriages of any description to write to him for a catalogue of his superb stock. M. Giers, the Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs, has addressed the fol lowing circular, dated March 16th, to the Russian representatives abroad: “His Majesty the Emperor, on ascen ding the throne of his ancestors, as sumes as an inheritance the traditions consecrated by time and their acts. Russia has now attained her full devel opment. Feelings of jealousy and dis content are equally foreign to her. The Emperor will first give attention to the internal development of the State. The Emperor’s foreign policy will be entirely pacific. Russia will re main faithful to her friends, recipro cate the friendliness of all the States, and act in common with other Gov ernments in maintaining the general peace. Only the duty of protecting her honor or security may divert her from the work of internal development. The Emperor will endeavor to strength en her power, advance her welfare, and secure her prosperity, without detri ment to others. These are the princi ples by which the policy of the Empe ror will invariably be guided. The Emperor charges you to bring these declarations to the knowledge of the Government to which you are accred ited, and to communicate this dispatch to the Minister of Foreign Affairs.” PARNRLLISM. It appears that there is “a wheel within a wheel” in the Irish “Land League” business; that Mr. Parnell and his vociferous followers are really living “in glass houses,” and are, practically, quite as much “the oppressors” as they are “the oppressed.” The violent ag itation which Mr. Parnell and the Land League have caused in the Brit ish Parliament has raised political dust to an extent which has effectually hid den from general view another ques tion, quite as important as the main question, namely, the condition of the laborer class in Ireland, the poor em ployes of the tenant class of whom Mr. Parnell is the doughty champion. This neglected and miserably condi tioned class have taken advantage of the general excitement to bring their grievances to the front, —grievances which are quite as palpable as those so eloquently declaimed upon in the House of Commons, and which de mand the world’s sympathy as force fully as Mr. Parnell's vicariously suf fered wrongs. This sub-tyrannized class, the Irish laborers for Irish tenants, have organ ized themselves into an association cal led “The Labor League,” and we trust it will work as successfully for the re lief of its members from the degrading servitude they are under, in their rela tion to the tenant class, as we hope the latter will be in their struggle with their monopolistic English landlords. The Nineteenth Century recently contained a very interesting article from the pen of an Irish lady, in which she gives a vivid description of this Irish Proletariat and their lamentable condition as the virtual serfs of their employers—the Parnell-tenant-leag uers. Miss O’Brien says the average hire of a day laborer is about thirty-seven cents. “For the hove) on the other hand in which his family finds shelter, and which he hires from his employer, he pays from five dollars to twenty five per annum. If he is so fortunate too, as to obtain a small plat of land or garden spot in connection with his home, for this also he is compelled to pay ‘at least twice its value.’ ” The enormous charge of five dollars for the fourth of an acre is usually deman ded of his assistant by the tenant, who only pays his landlord ten dollars per acre. A case is cited where a laborer holds “three quarters of an acre and a hovel which he keeps in repair himself. For house and land he pays at the rate of $22.50 per acre, turning over just four dollars per acre to the landlord. For the sub-lessee, however, there is no escape from such extortion; he is absolutely at the mercy of the farmer, and is, too, often hounded to and from his work with curses, like a dog. If he defies his employer, his house, his bit of land, his wages, all go at once; the “poor man” is hustled out with his helpless family to “travel the road.” Such is the condition of the Irish la borer or peasant. In view of this condition of things, we reiterate with emphasis the com ment of the Macon Telegraph & Mes senger upon this subject: “Hereafter, when expending so much sympathy upon the evicted tenants of Irish farms, let us not forget ‘the hewers of wood and drawers of water,’ for these self-same tenants experience the iden tical treatment at their hands for which their employers are willing to take up arms against the whole power of Great Britain.” The old and suggestive ad age, “Physician heal thyself,” seems to apply to Parnellism with singular appropriateness. In addition to this striking inconsis tency in principle, Parnellism, by its illy disguised ogling at notorious lead ers of French Communism, its barbar ous “Boycotting,” its mobs, gunpowder plots, ahd secret assassinations, is dam aging its real interests, provoking the condemnation of its own conservative members, and risking the forfeiture of the world’s respect. True patriotism does not manifest itself by acts of bru tal violence nor does it adopt, as means for its end, acts and measures which justly deserve the execration of Christ endom. On the contrary, it is inspir ed by the noblest impulses of the hu man soul, and will manifest these by noble means only; it knows nothing, cares nothing, for the meanness and chicaneries of demagoguism. A writer in the last Westminster Review, whose text certainly shows him to be no apol ogist for the shortcomings of the Glad stone administration, and whose elab orate review of the Irish Land Ques tion is marked by a fair and conserva tive spirit, in concluding remarks rela tive to Mr. Parnell’s championship, says: Mr. Parnell and his friends, on the other hand, are bound to receive any possible Land Bill as hopelessly inade quate, and to describe it as a fresh in sult to the Irish people. But it is never safe to assume, when Irish mem bers make such speeches, that they are giving utterance to the sincere feeling of those who sent them to Par liament For some time past Irish constituencies have chosen their mem- General Literature—Domestic and Foreign Intelligence—Secular Editorials. ATLANTA, THURSDAY, MARCH 24, 1881. bers much as an uneducated man chooses his lawyer. If a suitor thinks (as many houest poor men think) that all Courts are more or less regardless of equity, and that the law is a malign and mysterious agency for keeping people out of their rights, he will de sire to have somebody to act for him who can bully the Court and circum vent the law. The average Irish elec tor has no confidence whatever in the fairness or goodwill of Parliament; he enjoys the notion of the panic and confusion produced in the House of Commons by the action of a handful of his countrymen; and he feels pleas antly sure that while Mr. Parnell rep resents him, he will lose nothing for want of asking. But there still re mains in his mind that love of impar tial justice which was noted by a close observer as one of the features of the Irish character three centuries ago. He will shout, and riot, and possibly even fight for Mr. Parnell; but he knows the League is anything but an embodiment of justice and reason; and the English statesman who can deal firmly with the popular demands, will command in Ireland a respect which the popular leaders do not en joy- , Edward Carswell Esq., of Canada, the celebrated advocate of Temperance, and a very popular orator, is now on a twenty days tour in Georgia, lecturing under the auspices of the Sons of Tem perance National Division of North America. A letter to us from H. S. McCollum Esq., M. W. S., dated at St. Catharines, Ontario, in reference to Mr. Carswell’s visit says: “1 may as well say that the practical aim of this Canadian raid on the Sun ny South is to rebuild there the good old order of the Sons of Temperance, which was so strong and useful there before your “late unpleasantness.” It is the best man-made organization for rescuing the perishing and lifting the fallen, as well as for leading the great Temperance army, which has been yet discovered. The war crushed it. in the South, and efforts to revive it after the return of peace were retarded by in fluences well known but which, happi ly, are not now potent. We have a few Divisions in Georgia with officers at Savannah, and a letter recently re ceived informed me that a Divison was about being organized in Atlanta.” Mr. Carswell was in Savannah last week, where his powerful lectures were well received by large audiences. He will lecture in Atlanta this week. The lectures are, of course, free. “The first number of Bach’s Passion- Music,” says the Musical Herald, of Boston, “the clearly-seeing eye descries an epitome of all church music, a con densed history of the music of the Christian Church. The chorale is the property of the people, of the congrega tion, and is the true basis of church music. This is true historically as well as spiritually. Up to the seventeenth century, the whole music of the Church of Rome was based upon the Gregorian, at Milan upon the Ambrosian Chant. The pedigree of this Chant can be traced back to the hymns of Praise, Thankgiving and Prayer, sung by the early Christian congregations in their secret meetings for divine worship in times of persecution. The Gregorian Chant is the voice of the people. Its more modern Protestant correlative is the Lutheran chorale, and still later the hymn-tune of our American chur ches. Here in America, if anywhere, can be said truly, “The congregation is the church!” Here, if anywhere, should the song of the congregation be recognized as the heart and soul of church music.” Yes, “let all the people sing,” but let them also be taught,in the first place, how to sing. There is a sad lack of this part of education in our common school training. < —The new Emperor of Russia, Al exander 111. has written personally to the Emperor of Germany, that he is anxious to preserve the amicable rela tions which have existed for so many yeais between the two powers. It is said, however, that the new Ozar hates Bismarck and the Germans generally, at heart, and that his future policy will be of a nature to disturb the friendly association of the two governments. It is considered probable that, some time, Russia and France will make common cause against Germany. Cook’s Tours.—Those who contem plate traveling in Europe, or any other part of the globe, either alone or with excursion parties, will find it to their advantage to investigate the numerous facilities offered by Thos. Cook & Son, the renowned excursion managers, of 261 Broadway, New York. A pam phlet, giving full particulars of their terms, will be mailed free, on applica tion, to any one interested. See adver tiiement. The Pope’s encyclical has been is sued proclaiming a jubilee from March 19th to November Ist, in Europe, and till the close of the year in the rest of the world. LITERARY NOTES AND COMMENTS —The fathers of two of the foremost English writers of the present age— “ George Eliot” and Thomas Carlyle— were respectively a stone mason and carpenter. Another nut for the snobs to crack! —The first two volumes of the Ger man historian von Ranke’s “Universal History” have been issued. They con tain, chapters on (l)Ammon-Ra, Baal, Jehovah, and Ancient Egypt. (2) The Israelitish Kingdom of the Twelve Tribes. (3) Western-Asiatic State system. Empire of Assyria. (4) Medo- Persian Empire. (5) Older Hellas. (6) Conflict of the Greeks with the Persian Universal Empire. (7) The Democracy of Athens and its Leaders. Critical Points of the Peloponnesian War. (8) Inner Movement of the Greek Spirit. lonian Philosophy. Pin dar. Aeschylus. Sophocles. Eurip ides. Herodotus and Thucydides. (9) Perso-Greek Entanglements. (10) Phil ip of Macedon. Alexander the Great. Hellenistic Kingdoms. Carthage and Sicily. There will be appendices on the Chronology of Eusebius, on some supplements to the Book of Kings from the Alexandrian translation, and on Diodorus Siculus. —The Southern Magazine, .whose publication was announced last year at Nashville, suspended after one issue. Promises don’t pay printer’s bills. A ten dollar bill in hand is worth an im aginary list of patrons, be it ten yards long. It is useless for publishers to attempt to secure patronage for a literary publication on the plea that it will “represent” South, North, East or West. Intelligent people read the best that can be had, no matter where it comes from. There is no sex in lit erature, nor is it confined within im aginary political or territorial lines. People naturally desire to get the best they can for their money, and can get nowadays excellent literary ware at very reasonable cost; nor do they stop to inquire who sells it, or where it is manufactured. —lt was stated that James B. Hope, of Virginia, would write the ode for the Yorktown Centennial; he declined. John G. Whittier has also declined. It is now stated that Paul H. Hayne, of Georgia, has been invited by the National^Committee to write the ode. It is to be set to music, and rendered by performers in Continental costume. Mr. Hayne would produce an ode worthy of the occasion, and we trust he will accept the offer, and execute this patriotic and inspiring task. —Augusta Evans, now Mrs. Wilson, of Mobile, has an income of between $4,000 and $6,000 from her novels. —Southern critics do not all like Mrs. Burnett’s novel of “Louisiana.” The Southern Planter and Farmer says: “While Mrs. Burnett has acquired some reputation as a very clever novel ette-writer, we trust, for the good name of Scribner, they will permit no more publications of her writings vilifying and belittling Southern society and character, as was done in her ‘Louis iana.’ The fact is, Mrs. Burnett has no right to speak authoritatively of Southern society; she knows nothing of it except what she may have read at ‘long range.’ She was brought up in the poorer mountain region of eastern Tennessee, with the advantages of nei ther education nor society—a benight ed locality, into which it would require a longer time for a ray of civilization to penetrate than it does for light to come from Sirius to the earth. She really deserves great credit for what she has achieved; but when she at tempts to romance, she should select some subject on which she has better means of obtaining information than discoursing on the ways of Southern society.” —The German commission for the revision of Luther’s Bible will complete the final reading of the New Testament in September next. —The Boston correspondent of The American Bookseller says: “Our pub lishers are making ready for the issue of a very large number of books dur ing the year. Probably never before have so extensive lists been made up as now cover the slates of our leading pub lishers. The most strenuous exertions will have to be put forth to bring to successful completion the plans laid out. This, of course, means a prosper ous business season for printers, paper makers, binders, and all connected dir ectly and indirectly with the manu facture of books. New publishing houses, too, are in the field.” —Dr. Atticus G. Haygood of Emory College, Georgia, has written a book “On the Relation of the Negro to the South, and His Future in this Section.” It is in press. The violent deaths of rulers during the last thirty years form a startling list. They begin with the Duke of Parma, Ferdinand Charles 111., who was mortally stabbed by an unknown man, in March, 1854, dying a day later. In April, 1865, President Lin 'coln was murdered by John W. Booth. In June, 1868, P ince Michael of Ser via was assassinated. In 1870, Genera) Prim, who occupied so controlling an influence in Spain that he may well be included in the list, was killed in Mad rid. In 1872, the Governer-General of India, Lord Mayo, was assassinated. In 1871, Gen. Melgarijo, Dictator of Bolivia, and in 1872, President Balts of Peru were murdered; while the same fate, in August, 1875, befell President Moreno of Ecuador, at Quito. Shortly after, in 1877, President Gill of Para guay perished. Prince Krapotkine, Governor of Kharkoff, was assassinated in 1879, and now the Czar of Russia is added to the catalogue. Many more names, including those of rulers of England, France, Prussia, Austria, Spain, Germany, Italy, Greece, Egypt, and Japan, would have to be added, were the unsuccessful attempts at as sassination in the last thirty years to be also enumerated. e » FOUR YEARS. CHARLES W. HUBSKK. Dear wife I four years we've walked together, In dreary and in pleasant weather, Life’s toilsome way; Hopes that were flame are dust and embers. Bright summers waned to bleak Decembers,", Night followed day; Yet o'er the stormy heights of duty Bends the blue sky in radiant beauty. The calm stars shine; In every valley, dim and lowly, B.oom fragrant blossoms, fair and holy, Pure and diviae. With steadfast feet, that grow not weary, Aud hearts responding true and cheery To Love’s sweet call, We’ll climb the golden heights unclouded, Or tread the valleys sorrow-shrouded, God knows it all— O in that thought what heavenly resting! Yes, darling wife! God's everlasting Love will defend Our blended lives, in joy and sorrow, In hope and fear, to-day, to-morrow, And to the end. —A correspondent of the Augusta Chronicle A Constitutionalist, writing from Bremen, Germany, furnishes the following interesting facts, with perti nent comments thereon: Emigration, to all appearance, will again be enormous this year; the prob ability is, last year’s figures, which was about 103,000, from German ports, will be exceeded. The steamer lines are reducing rates, which gives it another impetus. The German lines have come down to about s2o—to New York and Baltimore; the Hollandish and English companies take even less than that, about sls. It seems an incomprehensible short sightedness on the part of the Legisla ture, which one of these days will be much regretted, that it is so slow in taking action on the immigration bill. By passing over thesubject during the last session again, the work of a season his been lost. An appropriation, as suggested some time ago by Mr. W. F. Herring, chiefly to be invested in offer ing to emigrants a cheap passage, ought to be made. Other States, prin cipally the Western, but several of the Southern States, as Texas, Mississippi and Arkansas, too, are making con stant and energetic efforts through well supported agents to secure immi grants, and shiploads of the very best material are forwarded regularly. A commissioner of immigration, even a salaried one, cannot do much good if unsupported and single handed he has to compete with agents from other States who have all imaginable means to secure success at their disposal. In your issue of the 31st of January, which arrives this moment, you again touch vigorously upon this subject and mention a colony of ten English fami lies who propose to settle in Missouri. A short time ago the larger portion of population of two counties in Bavaria who wanted to emigrate and to remain together were secured for Texas. Mr. S. Spitzer, Mr. Fontaine's agent, now travelling in Germany in the interest of immigration to the State, tried to secure these people for Georgia, but the Texas representative offered a low er rate of passage and carried the day. They will be shipped in a special stea mer via Rotterdam. Mr. Herring has made a donation of S2OO toward hav ing a German pamphlet descriptive of the State of Georgia compiled by the writer, mainly a translation of Mr. Fontaine’s work of Georgia, printed in 2,000 copies which will be ready by the end of the month. It will, it is to be hoped, be of some us, but if the State does not lend its prompt and material aid to the scheme it cannot do much good. _ A Dublin correspondent of the Times says accounts from all parts of the country represent that a very decided change for the better has occured. The tenants of several estates who have hitherto refused to pay rents are now beginning to do so, but the applications which the emergency committee has received from boycotted landlords in the west and south of Ireland for lab orers show that terrorism has not dim inished. In some districts, the burn ing of hay racks and midnight visits by armed parties to farm houses are still reported. ESTABLISHED lßzi. GEORGIA NEWS. —The Talbotton branch railroad has beea I completed within three miles of Talbotton. —During last year there were only eight deaths in the Georgia penitentiary out of 1,500 convicts. -Ex-Chief Justice Warner is slowly re covering from the serious illness which re. cently afflicted him. —The Presbyterians of Maoon subscribed $1,250 to the Columbia Theological Semina ry. Augusta gave about $2,500. —Camilla, Mitchell county, has had a second large fire this year. The total loss by the tire is estimated at twenty-five thousand dollars. —The Lawrenceville branch railroad is now completed, and trains are making regu lar trips, connecting with the Atlanta A Charlotte railroad. —Forty-two looms have been added to the capacity of the Muscogee mills within the past year, and it is probable that fifty or sixty more will be added soon. —Petitions have been forwarded to the Second Assistant Postmaster-General, to have through service instituted on the Vien> na and Albany route. —Some of the guano agents in Eatonton find the demand for guano greater than their supplies. The farmers seem to be using an unusually large amount of fertilizers this year. —Dr. James R Duggan, of Maoon, is col lecting samples of water from all the impor tant mineral springs in Georgia, ascertaining their respective ingredients and classifying them. —Up to March Ist, $51,000 has been paid into the State Treasury as fees for the in spection of fertilizers, a’nd the expectation is that the amount will reach $70,000 for the current year. —Americus as a mule market is in advance of any place south of Macon. The four first class mule dep >ts in Americus have sold be tween S9O 000 and SIOO,OOO worth since the season opened. —The Montezuma Weekly says: “A good many colored people in Dooly are on the high road to prosperity. We know of ten in one vicinity that own four thousand acres of land, all paid for.” —The pastors of the various churches in Thomasville have arranged to meet together once a week for the purpose of consulting and advising with each other touching the work in which they are engaged. —The Atlanta & West Point Railroad Company proposes, if the citizens of Meri wether county will raise $40,000 in cash to aid the enterprise, to build a branch road from Pucketts Station to Greenville. —The Augusta News states that 5,000 shares of Georgia railway stock have been sold to Northern parties since the first of December, and that there is less of the stock on the market now than there has been in ten years. —The sales of 1880 of Sanford’s arithmetic reached the astonishing number of 42,015. Prof. Sanford is in charge of the Mathemati cal Department of Mercer University, one of the best institutions for the education of young men in the South. —The Blackshear News says: “Farm hands are scarce in this section.” It hears of a great cry for laborers, and they cannot be had at any price. It says : “Anybody, white or. black, who wants to do farm work can be accommodated in Pierce county.” —A meeting of citizens of Oglethorpe county was held at Point Peter to consider the practicability of building a railroad from Crawford, on the Athens branch of the Georgia road, to Davenport and Andrews' Mill, on the Broad river. The Oglethorpe Echo is enthusiastic in supporting and com mending the building of the road. —The Monroe Advertiser announces the death, at his home in that county, of Mr. Robert McGough, aged nearly ninety-six vears. He was a brother-in-law of the late Judge E. G. Cabaniss, and had lived in Mon roe county since 1824 His wife, to whom be had been married sixty-nine years, sur vives him, being more than ninety years old. —There are In Atlanta forty-seven churches : seven white B iptist, ana eleven colored Baptist, one Disciples, one colored Congregationalist, three Episcopal, one Jew ish, one Lutheran, one Northern Methodist, seven white Methodist and six colored Methodist, one Methodist Protestant, three white Presbyterian and two colored Presby terian, two Roman Oatholic and one Uni versallst. —The Monroe Advertiser says: “The State Department of Agriculture, under the sound management of Judge J. T. Hender son, the Commissioner, is doing a splendid service for the farmers of the State. He has published recently a valuable manual on cattle, which is a thorough treatise on this subject, compiled from standard works on cattle, supplemented by much original in formation by the Commissioner himself. The Department has an Income of about fifty thousand dollars from the inspection of fertilizers, and Commissioner Henderson is wisely spending a large portion of this money in buying the best seeds for gratuitous dis tribution among the farmers of Georgia. Last fall wheat and oat seeds were supplied to quite a number of our farmers, and last week some of the finest varieties of cotton seed and corn were distributed." —According to the Atlanta Constitution the salaries of some of the ministers of thia city are as follows: “ Rsv. W. E. Boggs, of the Central Presbyterian, receives next to the highest salary of any minister in the city, being paid $3,000 a year and the use of a parsonage, rent free, Which would readily bring S6OO per annum. Bishop Beckwith receives $4 000 per year; Rev. W. 0. Foute, Rector of St. Phillip’» EpMMpal church, re ceives $2,500 per annum and a rectory which would rent for $800; Rev. D. W. Gwin, pas tor of the First Baptist church, receives a salary of $2,600; Rev. A. T. Spalding, pastor of the Second Baptist church, is paid $2,000; Rev. J. H. Martin, pastor of the First Presby terian church, has a salary of $2,600: Rev. John I). Heidt, of Trinity, enjoys a salary of $2 300; Rev. H. 0. Hornady, pastor of the Third Baptist, receives SI,OOO per annum; Rev. W. C. Dunlap, of St. Paul’s M. E. church, is paid from SBOO to $1,000; Rev. D. B. Clayton, pastor of the Universalist church, receives a salary equal to SBOO per annum ; Rev. Clement A. Evans, of the First Metho dist, receives $2,000 and a parsonage; Rev. V. 0. Norcross, pastor ot pie Fifth Baptist church, is paid only S3OO per annum. The pastor of the Big Bethel (colored) Methodist church receives a salary of S3OO per annum, with house rent, sl2 per week for his expen ses, and other perquisites, which run his pay | from $1,200 to SI,OOO per annum.