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The Farmers’ Index. All letters intended for the Editor of thi> De partment should beaiidressed, “Fabbkbs' Indix, Drawer 24, Atlanta, Ga." THE WEATHER VS. FARM WORK. The weather since last fall has been so remarkable in almost every respeet— in rainfall, floods, snows and cold, that it is not too much to say that very few men living have seen the like. “I never saw such weather" has been truthfully asserted, by nearly every one who ever talks about the subject: and who is lie that never discusses tne weather? To say nothing of the low temperature lower, probably than has occurred in forty-five years—and leaving out the snowstorms that have occurred - the rain fall has been phenominal. Since the first day of January, the rainfall at Atlanta has amounted to nearly 28 in ches! (This is now 22nd of March.) The average annual amount for this place is about forty-eight inches. So it appears that we have had about four inches more than half our usual years allowance, in less than one fourth the year; leaving only twenty inches for the remaining nine months. If this amount should all fall before the Ist of August, it would not be more than the growing crops will have needed by that time-sunless very judiciously distributed —and in fact would be but little more than half as much per month as fell during each of the past three month*. And it the twenty inches which we may expect be divided equally between the remaining nine months each would receive only 2.11 inches. While it is true that there is no law that limits the rainfall absolutely within a certain amount, yet it is also true that the an nual rainfall duriug a long term of years has been observed to vary between very moderate extremes. The conclusion in dicated, is that we will very probably have a long drought sometime during the present year, as a counterbalance or off set to the extreme weather so far ex perienced. If it occurs in the fall—well and good—we can stand it, but if in the early summer, the spring oats and corn as well as other crops will inevitably suffer. . , . The moral of it all is that the farmer should prepare his land as thoroughly as possible and the first workings should be deep and faithful, in anticipation of dry weather. Other precautions should also be taken —such as depositing man ures more deeply and not too much in the hill, giving good distance, etc. We know, most farmers are more or less behind with the work of preparation and planting, and it will be impossible to get all the land thoroughly prepared and also planted by the usual time. There is great need of sound judgement in the management of a farm under any circum stances, but especially when there have been so many unfavorable and hindering features as in the case at present. On most farms it will be wise at once to re duce the area first intended for hoed crops —especially cotton. We oftener err in planting too much than too little—even in years when good crops are made. EDUCATION FOR FARMER'S BOYS. Why should any one think that far mer’s sons should be differently educated from other people’s children is past my comprehension. They, in common with the minister, lawyer, civilengineer, and many others, should have a special train ing for their calling, either on the farm or elsewhere, but the rud’ments of an ed ucation for a farmer and others are just the same. A young man wishes to enter a commercial house and become a mer chant. He first prepares himself by a training in a business college. If he was a graduate of an ordinary college, before he entered on his business course, so much the better; he can be more useful as long as he lives, both in his special calling at d to the community in which he lives. This, too, is a safe and wise course for the farmer to pursue. Give your sons all the education you can; the more the better. A collegiate education is very much better than anything short of it. Money is not the only object in life; and why should a farmer be like one of his hogs, worth more to others after his death than during his whole life ? Educated men are needed everywhere. If they leave the farm for other callings it is because such are too rarely to be found in the country. Educate more farmer’s sons and they will stay on the farm. Then, if they want to engage in something else let them do so, if they find a more useful field.- Ohio Farmer. On reading tie above, we are lead to remark that one of the great drawbacks on educating farmer’s sons is in the nec essity, which generally exists, of sending them off to a city or large town. The expense is too great to be bom by the average farmer, deprived, as he will be too, of any serviced assistance whatever from his son. But even if sacrifices are made and the son is sent off to college, the chances are five to one that he will by association with city or town life, become estranged from the simple rural tastes and habits of farm life and enamored with the at tractions of the city. When he goes home, after finishing his course, he finds few or none of his age who have had the same opportunities; and his superior education is put at a discount by a large proportion ol hie future neighbors, many of whom would esteem such an acquisi tion chiefly as enabling the possessor to go into some profession. What the country needs is food schools in the •wintry and small towns. Collegiate ed ucation is all very well and very disirabk, but we would like to see a good academy in every county town and populous country place in the South—taught by menwho have been themselves thorough ly and specially qualified for thebusiness of teaching. It is practically impossible to send a tithe of our boys to college, and it is not even desirable to do so in the present condition of the country. But we can conceive of no investment that would yield greater returns in the future than the small amount necessary to put up a good building and keep up al least one first class academy in every county. Feeding cows for Butter.—lt is of ten stated very authoritatively that feed ing does not affect the quality of the inilk. This is emphatically declared by Prof. J. A. Wauklyn in his work on Milk Analysis; for he says (page 12), “the effect of variations in the diet of the cow shows itself in the amount of the secre tions rather than its quality." This is altogether wrong; any one may prove it THE CHRISTIAN INDEX AND SOUTH-WESTERN BAPTIST: THURSDAY, MARCH 31, 188 I. very quickly by feeding wheat shorts, buckwheat nran, and corn meal, separ ately each for a month, and noting the yield of butter and the quality of it. The result of my observations may be stated as follows, the effect en the butter of the various feeding substances named being noted: Corn meal, butter good, quantity defi cient: cotton seed meal, very good, quan tyty large; wheat bran, white, quantity fair; wheat middlings, white, quantity better; buckwheat bran, very white and poor, quantity small; palm nut meal, white, good flavor, quantity large; corn and oats and bran ground fine, very good, quantity large; corn meal, bran, and one-fourth cotton seed, the best, quantity largest; malt sprouts, cotton seed and bran, best, quantity largest; brewers’ grains and corn meal, fair, quan tity large; linseed meal, white and soft, quantity large. The relative economy of the feed is in proportion to price, and depends much upon locality. If values were the same I would choose first an equal mixture of yellow corn and wheat bran or coarse middlings ground together finely, and mixed with one-fourth its bulk of cotton seed meal, and of this I would give from four to eight quarts daily as might be found proper for the cow after a fair tri al. Some cows will take more feed than others for the largest yield of butter, bext to this I would choose corn meal and wheat bran equally mixed. As to buckwheat bran I would rather use dry clover hay or corn stalks, because one can get good butter from these alone, al thou h little of it; while the butter from buckwheat bran is as poor as lard. A large yield of milk is not always con sistent with a large product of cream and butter. lam only considering here the latter, and one should wait to see the bat ter before deciding about the feed. Then it should not be forgotten that cows dif fer, and some will not make yellow but ter or even hard butter, whatever may be the feed. SHEEP. A correspondent at Gordon Georgia writes as follows: “I wish to enquire of you what is the best breed to mix with our common sheep? If the Merino, where can they be obtained most cheaply and convenient ly?’’ The writer correctly anticipates our reply. The almost unanimous verdict of all who have any experience is that the Spanish Merino makes the most prof itable cross with our common sheep. The pure blood bucks should be pur chased from a Southern breeder if pos sible. If properly managed one buck will be sufficient for fifty ewes. We do not know certainly where oui correspondent esn get merinoes, but per haps from J. B. Jones, Herndon, Burch Co. Ga., We give the following from the Farm Journal on the general subject of sheep raising: To breed sheep for profit, whether for the sale of lambs, for the wool, for the carcass, or for the whole, combined with the enriching of the farm by the manure, requires a correct start, and this lies mainly in proper selection of the breed, having one’s marketer purposes in view’. Nearness to large cities, or to railroads leading to them, would indicate raising of sheep for lambs or for mutton; as the sale of early lambs is very profitable, and in the winter season the sheep are turned into the market—both operations with very little expense. This would suggest raising a class of sheep known to be pro lific, and producing hardy lambs, as well as affording a fine quality of mutton. If early lambs are wanted, cross Cotswold- Merinos with a pure-bred Southdown ram; if late ones for grass or late feeding, use a Cotswold ram. Those who are further from market will make their first choice from the breeds that will produce the most wool, and of the most seleable and valuable quality. Those living on hilly and rough land need a hardy breed which w ill stand the cold, furnish a good quality of wool, and a good quantity of mutton when the carcass is sold. For wool alone, then, the Merinos would be best. MANUFACTURES IN THE SOUTH It has been common to encourage the investment of capital in manufactures chiefly by representing the direct profit in the business itself. This is all very well. It is necessary to convince timed capital that it will be sure of good re turns on investments. We look mainly to the North for money to put up cotton mills and iron works and to develop rail roads and inanufaturing enterprizes gen erally. But it is worth while to interest farmers also and present the advantages which will follow to them and their bus ness by diversifying our industries. In the country every body is engaged in farming—with here and there a doctor, a miller, or a blacksmith. In the cities and towns merchandising is almost the one occupation. A merchant with a capital of twenty thousand dollars, gives employment to only three or four clerks. What we want is a greater number of manufacturing towns and villages, a larger manufacturing population, to cre ate and sustain a constant and remuner ative market for country produce of all kinds. Farmers would raise more beef, mutton, butter, milk, chickens and eggs, honey, small meats, etc., if they could be assured of a constant and remunerating home market for such things. In the present state of our farming there are lew things produced by the Southern farmer —cotton and wool are about all—that will compete, in distant markets, suc cessfully with the farm products of the West. But we ought certainly to under sell them in our own markets. But the fact is, there is very little reciprocity between farmers and the town people. The farmers practically sell their one market crop, cotton, to the New York or Liverpool speculator, paying liberal commissions to middleman for the priv elege. But after selling their cotton the remainder of their time in market is de voted to settling up old debts and mak ing new ones—paying for supplies bought before and buying more. The merchant who sells the farmer his dress goods, hats, shoes, plows, tobacco, etc., gets nearly all of his own wants from the dealer in “western produce”—butter, cheese, eggs, cabbage, potatoes, chickens, sirup, apples, vinegar, etc. etc. This ought so to oe, and the country will never be fairly prosperous so long as the balance of trade is against the farmer. Attention, every one I Have you heard of Kendall’s Spavin Cure ? See advertiser ent. ADVERTISEMENTS. _ WARNER’S SAFE KIDNEY & LIVER CURE The leading Scientist* of to-day agree that moat diseases are caused by disordered Kidney* cr Liver. If, therefore, the Kidney* and Liver am kept in perfect order, perfect health will be the result. This truth has only been known a short time and for years veople suffered great agony without being able to And relief. The discovery of Warner’s Safe Kidney and Liver Cure mark* a now era in the treatment of these troubles. Made from a simple tropical loaf of rare value, it con tains just the element* necessary to nourish and invigorate both of these great organs, and safely restore and keep them In order, it 1* a POSITIVE Remedy for all the diseases that cause pains in ihe lower part of the body—for Torpid Liver, Headache, Jaundice, Dizziness, Gravel, Fever, Ague, Malarial Fever, and all difficulties of the Kidneys, Liver and Urinary Organ*. it is an excellent and safe remedy for females durlog Pregnancy. It will control Menatruatlon and la invaluable for Leucorrhcea or Falling of the Womb. A* a Blood Purifier it 1* unequalled, for it cures the organs that make the blood. READ THE RECORD: “It saved my life.”—E. B. Lalcely,Selma,Ala “It Is the remedy that will onre the many diseases peculiar to women.”—Mothers' Mag azine. “It has passed severe tests and won en dorsements from some of the highest medical talent in the country."—New York World. “No remedy heretofore discovered can be held for one moment In comparison with it.” —C. A. Harvey, D.D., Washington, D. C. This Remedy, which has done such wonders, is put up in the largest sized bottle of any medi c ire upon the maiket, and is sold by druggists and all dealers at $1 25 per bottle. For Diabetes, enquire for Warner's Bate Diabetes Cure. It Is a positive remedy. H. H. WARNER A CO.. Janßotf Rochester. N. Y. AULT & WIBORG. MANUFACTURERS OF Superior Printing Inks, VARNISHES, Etc. Foot of New St. - - Cincinnati, 0. Every grade of Black and Colored Inks furnished to order. OUR 50 CENT BOOK INK Unequalled by any In the market. SOUTHERN,CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED jebl7-8m SAL EM, JNT. C. O. A. HEGE, Proprietor, MANUFACTURER OF Improved Circular Saur Mills with Uni versal Loy Beam, RECTILINEAR, SIMULTANEOUS BET WORKS AND DOUBLE ECCENTRIC FRICTION FEED. The simplest, cheapest, best and most accurate, warranted to saw lumber true and even. Took Premiums at North Georgia Fair, SSO in cash, and Alabama State Fair, Diploma and $M in cash. Five sizes built. Send for descriptive circular* J. H. ANDERSON, Agent, 69 Broad St., Atlanta, Ga., DEALER IN SAW MILLS, ENGINES, Etc. nov2s ts Lamdrehts and Buists’ finest Cabbage and Extra Early Peas and other Garden and Field and Flower Seeds. JONES’ IMPROVED COTTON SEEDS, best va riety known. Finest Seed Corn. Farm Implements ofall sorts. Steam Engines and Guano, Bone Dust, etc. Send for prices. MARK W. JOHNSON & CO., Jy27-8m 27 Marietta street, Atlanta, Ga. ini N , s | V COMMNED ■ H Will be Mailed Free to aU who apply by B Letter. | Our Experimental Grounds in ■ ■ which we test our Vegetable and ■ m Flower Seeds arc most com pletej ■ ■ and our GreenhouHeH for Plants ■ ■ (covering 3 acres in glass), are ■ ■ the largest in America. ■PETER HENDERSON & CO. I [b 35Cortlandt Street, New York. febio-18t Bookwaiter Engine. * Compact, substantial, eco nomical and easily managed Guaranteed to work wel and give full power claimed Engine and boiler com plete, including governor, feed-pump drive-pully.etc., at the low price of 8 Horse Power $240 Send for mart ts Springfield, 0. KWIKCURES HUMP H B E Y 8-*. .s.a*» ** HOMEOPATHIC SPECIFICS Esus, phrevs’ Book on Disease and its Cure (144 pp.)aiso fllushated Catalogue sent free. novlS.tf i BUCKEYE BELL FOUND m J 1 Bells of Pure Copper and Tin for Cb.rchea •drat FHchools, Fire Alarms, Farms, etc. FULL! Ar WARRANTED. Catalomie sent Free. VANDUZEN & TIFT, Cincinnati, O. apl 1 Cf\ Varieties French Chromo Satin, Pearl fin . ished, etc., card* name in gold, 10c. Card MI S; Northford, Ct. doc9-tf ADVERTISEMENTS. TDTTHIJSZCE &c CO., Goldsmiths, Silversmiths and Diamond Setters, Workshops and Salesrooms, FOURTH AND WALNUT, CINCINNATI. Wholesale and Retail Dealers in American Watches and Clocks. IMPORTERS OF DIAMONDS, SWISS WATCHES, FRENCH CLOCKS, BRONZES, ART POTTERY, AND KUROPEAN NOVELTIES. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN FINE ELECTRO SILVER-PLATED TABLE WARES AND COMMUNION SETTS FOR CHURCHES. _____ • As tui example of the reason* bh prices at which these wares are sold, the CASTER, as shown in the above cut, will be packed securely and sent per express to any address upon the receipt of six dollars. This Caster is sixteen inches in height, has six cut-glass bottles; the frame is triple-plated with pure sliver, handsomely ornamented. Five-bottle Castor, precisely the same style, for five dollars and fifty cents. Address DUHME & CO., It Fourth and Walnut, Cincinnati. READ THIS! NORTH GEORGIANS AND OTHERS. THE CELEBRATED LIQUID ENAMEL PATnt; MANUFACTURED BY NEW JERSEY ENAMEL PAINT COMPANY, HAS been sold in your State EIGHT YEARS—thousands of gallons having been dispqied of. In no cave has it failed to give SATISFACTION. The Finist Public Building* in Baltimore are painted with this Elegant Paint: The Carrollton Hotel, The New American Office, Sun Iron Building, The Armstrong, Cator & Co.’s Building, The Trinity M. E. Church, South, AND.MANY PRIVATE RESIDENCES ALL OYER THE COUNTRY. HIGHEST PBEMIUM AWARDED BY GEORGIA STATE FAIR, MIXED READY FOR USE. ANY.ONK CAN APPLY IT. Snmplr]CAßDS sent by mall on application. C. P. KN IGHT, Sole General Agent, AND MANUFACTURER OF KUILDINO PAPEK, HOOFING PAPER & ROOFING CEMENT, 03 W. Ltmbard St., BALTIMORE, Ml>. rp 2E3C "Fl CITIZENS’ MUTUAL RELIEF ASSOCIATION, OF TETTITHISSEK, WITH SOME OF NASHVILLE’S BEST BUSINESS MEN AS OFFICERS ANp DIRECTORS, Wants a Local -A. gent or Canvasser in every Town in Georgia, and Agents for General Work. LIBERAL COMMISSIONS ALLOWED. Address * J. W. LURTON, Secretary, mr24-2t No. 12 N. Cherry St., Nashville, Tenn. FROM 14 TO 10,000 lbs. WEIGHT. n True to pattern, sound and solid, of unequaled strength, H Mt T toughness and durability. k" 111 I I I 1 I An invaluable substitute for forgings or cast-iron requiring X I ■■ P I three fold strength. 11l II II 11- Gearing of all kinds, BHOEB AND DIES FOR STAMP MILLS, ■B ■* ** JA ** Hammerheads, Crossheads for Locomotives, etc. ra ■ 15 000 Crank Shafts and 10,000 Gear Wheels of this Steel now ma ■ Bl BB ■■■ Bl Bl running prove Its superiority over all other Steel Castings, n A n m TIT n H CRANK SHAFTS, CROSSHEADS and GEARING, specialties. ■ • |1 k* 111 I HI I* k* Circulars and Price Lists free. Address li HA I I 11 [TA CHBBTBR BTEBL CASTINGS CO. y |p ■ pP| p| |p (Formerly McHaffie Direct Steel Castings Co.) septl6 ts Work, CHESTER, Pa. 407 Library fit, PHILADELPHIA' UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA. The session begins on the first of October, and continues until the Thursday before the fourth day of July ensuing. The Institution is organized in separate Schools on the Eclectic System, embracing FULL COURSES OF INSTRUCTION in Literature and Science, and in the professions of Law, Medicine, Engineering and Agriculture. THE EXPENSES of the student (except such aa enter the practical labortories), exclusive of the cost of text-books, clothing and pocket money, are from $856 to $391, according to Schools selected ; or, for those who economize by messing, these expenses are from $266 to S3OO. No charge for tuition to candidates for the ministry unable to meet the expense. Apply for Catalogues to WM. Wertknbakkr, Secretary, P. O. University of Virginia, Albemarle county, Va. mr-104m JAS. F. HARRISON, M. D., Chairman of the Faculty. A GENTS WANTED for the Best and Fastest- Selling Pictorial Books and Bibles. Price* reduced 88 per cent. National Publishing Oo y ieblO-ly Philadelphia, Pa. AI)P A M V •aotcrt.eW: 2 to 82 stops UKGAiN b arte® /-m deo»-« Washington, N. J. __ RAILROADS. ESTABLISHED 1780. BET COMPLETE IN TERRY, $55. SET COMPLETE IN PLUSH, S6O. Parlor, Lodge and Church Furniture. No charge for packing. Bend for Illustrated catalogue. SHAW, APPLIN A CO.. mrlO eow6m 27 Sudbury Street, Boston. BY THB AUTHOR 3 OF TUB POPULAR Up OLDEN “HEAVENLVJJ U SONGS'’ and CAROLS. I This book is considered superior to nay of their other books in adapt.ilion to :>:l the wantsof the Sabbath-school Never before v ere the authors so successful nnd happy in th.-ir music.’' JP2 pages, board cover. Single cops , ,‘i.T cental per dor., Ifitf.fiO bv express, not prepaid ; fit .OO by mail, post-paid. Sample »«>p>. paper cover, tiS cents. Send for it. >pccinieu psi*t-s free. Address. IV. J. Sill fl k , Iluj toi.« Ouio. Jy27-eowl3t RESEATyonrCHAIBB. The Fibre Chair Seat, leather finish (brown, jjPHjjjMßjSggSMSfcm green or maroon), may be fastened to any chair with carpet tack* or brae* bead nails. Price, lip to 16 tn. 30c. 17 or 18 in. 430. Sent by mall, fitted, on receipt oi paper pattern with price and 6c. postage per seat. Small aample for 3e. stamp strong and handsome HARWOOD CHAIR SEAT CO.. febl7-tf 24 Washington St., Boston. R. P. HALL'S PLASTER. 7 Galvnnlc Battery in imbedded in • medicated plaster, and, when applied te the body, produces a rmurtant current of formin< the most powerful remedial acent for the cure of Rheumatism. Neuralgia, Sciatica, HEadatchE, Spinal DjjlcuMy, Nervous Diseases, or femaU WmAimm evei known. Its effects are maKioal. t?old by Druggist!, or sent by mail on receipt of 50 cents. •. F* *5. Addrew BELL MANN A CO., PropiLtUk, M* W&baah-ave., Chicago. janlß-eowly A. STEM WINDING GOLD wjltclh: FOR 836.00. In order to close out a large stock, we are offer ing double cased solid gold America! Watches, either Gents’ or Ladles’ sizes, for $33.00 each. Every watch is accompanied by our special certificate and guarantee. Goods will be sent by express C. O. D., with privilege ol examining before purchasing. Send in your orders for Chrutma* Present*. J. P. STEVENS * CO., WHOLESALE JEWELERS, 34 Whitehall St., ATLANTA, GA. ***Send for Catalogue and Prices. teplfi ts HPFOEAF Garmore's Artificial Ear Drums PKBrECTI.Y RESTORE THE HEARING and perform the work of the Natural Drum* Always in position, but Invisible to other*. Alt Conversation and even whispers heard distinctly. We refer to those using them. Send for descriptive circular. AddMM JOHN GARMORE A CO., B. W. Corner 6th Jk Race Sta., Cincinnati ncviß eowlßt Testimony of the ages or Confirmations of the Scriptures. < A new and massive work, containing nearly 6000 distinct testimonials gathered from ancient and mbdeife sources, forming a splendid Thesaurus of Arguments*FactSglllustra tions and Evidences of the Truth of th« Word of God. One MAQNIFIOENT VOLUME. 1000 Rorai Octavo pages. 100 Illustrations, Full Index. Four styles of bind ing. Prices low. Descriptive Circular free. AGENTS WANTED. Liberal Commissions. LanreSales. Forterm*, address, J. C. MeCUKDY A CO., CtaoianaU, Ohio, jy27eow4t 17-STOP ORGANS, Sub-baa* A Oct. C upler, boxed and shipped only $97.75. New Pianos $195 to $1,600. Before you buy an instrument be sure to *ee my Mid-summer offer illustrated, free. Address DANIEL F. BEATTY, Washington, N, J. ectie eowly STOVE PIPE SHELF VMIw ano utensil stand. WANTED for ths most convenient article ever ofltored ' to housekeepetH, Agents meat with greater success than ever, made in IS days, another In S days, another #ll7 in 1 day. Boxing MM Freight Free to Send for circular* to MMeal address. J. E. NHEPARD dk CO- Clnelnnatl, O M or Loula/Mb augl eow39t AGENTS! RRf A CholceterritoryUbeing W Akni I tU. rapidly taken tor our NEW BOOK. Now is the time to secure territory before all is taken. QUICK SALES BIG PROFITS. Address, JOHN BURNS. febl7-eow3t “ 20 Greenhonse Plants by mail, sl.lO ■« u i4Ro.es pr 14 Geraniums, or 7 of each, X tr bv mall, for sl.lO. Lists sent free. TYRA Z MONTGOMERY, Mattoon, Illinois. inl7eow4 2 k ns ■ w ww mm mw swd./eu., t* m»it 3»tologuoiree. J.T.PHnxzrs,WwtGK>ve,blM»terOo..Pk fobl7-Bteßw r- F\ CHROMOB, name in new type,loc. by malL jU 40 Ayts. Samples, 10c. U. 8. Carp Co., North ford,Ct. dec9-eowly C A W W BBS mv can positively be saved. For Illustrated Pamphlet, giving full par ticulars, address The Thoma* Harrow Co.GenevaJi.y, Jebl7-tl rs \ Gold, Figured, and Actress CHROMOS, 10c. □U Agent’s sample Book, 25c. BEAVY BROS., Northford, Ct. decß eowly trfA AU Lithographed CHROMO CARDS, no 2 alike, 10c. Agts. big Outfit, 10c. Globi Cabs Co./Northford, Ct. decfeeowly $5 to S2O BOBilCo Portland, Maine. my27.Jy r Lithographed CHROMO CARDS, no 2 alike, tJVJ 100. Name in fancy type. Cork. Card 00., Nortblord.Ct. dec»-eowly Ba week in yonr own town. Terms and K outfit bee. Address H. Hawctt k otx, aA. M*lm. may 28-ly. 7