Newspaper Page Text
The Farmers’ Index.
AU letters intended for the Editor of this De
nartment tbould tie addressed, "Fabmehs* Index,
Drawer tM Atlanta, Ga.”
farm work for ma y.
The claims upon the attention of the
farmer become more and more pressing
as the reason advances. In our latitude
planting—except a few late patches and
low grounds—is generally over and the
work of cultivation of the growing crop
begins. The first plowing of corn has
already been done by many farmers and
the work next in usual order is that of
CHOPPING COTTON.
J ust at this point the practice of differ
ent farmers commences to diverge—ac
cording to the views of each as to what
is the object to be accomplished.
We agree with those whose practice is
to commence when the seed leaves are
fully expauded and go over the crop as
quickly as possible. The planting of
cotton is generally done so rapidly that it
is frequently the case that the last plant
ed will need work almost as soon as the
first. Our own rule is, to endeavor to go
over the crop with the hoes in the same
time that was employed in planting it. If
the ground has been properly prepared
and carefully planted, choppers ought
to average one acre each per day. On
the level, light, stoneless lands of South
ern Georgia we have had them to chop
two acres each per day for a week to
gether. To do the work so rapidly re
quires good light, sharp hoes, and a clear
understanding of what is to be done.
Tue object is not to clean the cotton en
tirely of grass but to thin the plants by
“blocking out”- as it is called. The mo
tion is quick, short and continuous,
rarely striking twice in the same place,
and without delay ing to reduce the plants
to any given number. The aim should
be to get over the greatest area possible
in a given time, leaving the cotton in
bunches of two to five stalks as may be
convenient. In any point of view it is
better thus to go over rapidly than to
carefully count the stalks and clean away
every restige of grass from each hill.
The real work of hoeing cotton should
commence as soon as it is chopped out,
and will, in the end, be much expedited,
by this first rapid going over and “block
ing out.” It gives the grass, if there be
any, a check, and at the same time starts
the young cotton to growing by the thin
ning and stirring given.
SWEET POTATOES.
Most of the sweet potatoes draws for
the main crop will be planted this month.
It is very important that the ground for
draw's be freshly prepared. We were
several years in finding this out by actual
experience. In our desire to take ad
vantage of the first “season” as soon as
possible, we would have the ground
freshly prepared and waiting for the
rain, and commenced to “draw the bed”
and plant as soon as the rain was over.
But we found, after a few years, that
those of our neighbors, who were not so
“smart” as we, and had to prepare their
potatoes after ihe rainfall, almost invari
ably succeeded better. Their plants
would live better, grow off quicker and
require less work.
We soon learned that plants, such as
potatoes, cabb ige, tomatoes, tobacco, etc.
should be transplanted into freshly plow
ed soil.
If the ground is in good condition
when the plants are large enough, it is
not advisable to wait for a rain. Let the
beds be made airesh and set the plants
deeply, carefully firming the soil around
them. It is well to wet them in a batter
made of top woods earth and water be
fore planting.
It should also be remembered that the
plants should be worked very soon after
setting out—especially where the ground
was not fresh plowefi when planted. The
soil should be kept in a loose, mellow
condition until the vines have com
menced to take possession.
LOOK AHEAD.
The work of the various crons should
be pushed up in anticipation of the small
grain harvest which will begin towards
the list of the month. If extra hands
will certainly be required to aid in get
ting cotton to a stand, it is better to em
ploy them at once while the price of day
labor is reasonably low and when more
effective work can be done, than to wait
until fifty or seventy-five cents must be
paid for a day’s work, and the grass has
become so strong that only a quarter of
an acre can be accomplished in a day.
THE SPRING OF 1849.
Our request for information of the
exact date and reminiscences of the great
killing freeze of 1849 has met with sev
eral responses—from which we give the
following extracts:
“It commenced snowing and sleeting
Sunday morning of 16sh of April 1849.
Sunday, Monday and Tuesday nights,
following, there was ice from Jto }of
an inch thick. It was an unusually
early spring. Cotton could be seen from
one end of the row to the other. I had
just finished plowing over a piece of
corn. Wheat was in full bloom. Every
thing in the way of vegetation was de
stroyed. What makes me certain of the
date, it was a memorable epoch in my
history, I received a letter from Charles
ton on Tuesday morning, the 18th, that
I had goods landed there in a damaged
condition. I started there immediately,
arriving on the following Sunday, 23d.
On the way, gloom was depicted on
every face. Sinall-pox was racing in
Georgia and part of South Carolina,
which added to the general distress. In
Charleston they were hauling out vege
tables of every desciption and throwing
them into the ocean. Speculators went
forward and bought up all the flrur and
other provisions in market.
“Notwithstanding this great calamity
the people cheered up and made good
crops of corn, cotton, etc. Wheat, of
course, was a perfect failure. I knew of
but five bushels that were made in the
county.
Yours truly
John Sawyer.”
Alpine, Ala.
“Fabmer’s Index. You said some
thing in your last issue about the frost of
1849. The frost was successive for three
mornings. The 12th was Sunday. I was
then overseeing for Madison Hudson, in
Elbert county. Sunday morning was
cold and cloudy. Commenced to snow
about 10 o’clock and nearly covered the
ground—clearing off in the afternoon.
The night was clear and still, and next
morning, the 13th, we had a heavy frost
nnd the ground was frozen J inch. Frost
THE CHRISTIAN INDEX AND SOUTH-WESTERN BAPTIST: THURSDAY, MAY 5, 1881.
on the 14 h and on up to the 16th, when
it turned warm.
“Our corn was plowed and hoed, cot
ten generally up, and all was killed.
Wheat was mostly in the dough. We
expected to get 10 bushels per acre from
about sixty acres. We got 212 bushels
in all. For two or three days the whole
farming fraternity—employers and over
seers—were paralized; everything seem
ed at a stand still —the blow was. so un
expected by all. But the result was a
good crop of corn and cotton.
Oakland, Ga. A. J. Cooper.”
Another:
“Editor Index. In the Index of
April 14, you refer to the frost which oc
cured late in the spring of 1849, and ask
some one to state the exact time and
some remint sconces of the occasion. I
can state positively that it occured on
Monday he 16th day of Aptil. Sunday--
the day before--was E ister-Sunday,
Snow fell a good portion of the day, but
did not accumulate on the ground. I
was then living with my father, Elisha
Henderson, to miles east of Social Circle.
Vegetation was quite forword at the
time. Corn, on our place, was plowed
out, a good s'and of cotton was up,
wheat generally headed out, and every
thing looked cheerful. A sad gloom
followed the killing frost. Corn, cotton,
wheat and all kind of vegetation was kil
led. The woods turned black, and fair
ly stank from the effects of the frost.
We commenced replanting cotton on
Monday, 16th. Just two weeks fiom
that day, crop yeas up again and chop
ping began. My father made the largest
crop of cotton that year be ever made in
his life. Corn crop equally as good. Wheat
suckered out and made two-thirds of a
crop.
I was in Monroe county, near Forsyth,
last of December following. Cotton
blooms were numerous on 24th. Kil
ling frost on the 25th of December. So
much for the weather. The Sons of
Temperance were to have a celebration,
about Ist of May. Owing to the frost,
killing everything, it was decided to
postpone same. So quick and rapidly
did everything recover from effects of the
frost that the celebration was held in So
cial Circle on the Ist day of May—a very
large crowd witnessing the same.
“On Saturday evening before the frost
I dressed up in a linen suit, left home,
feeling sufficiently warm. Brayed from
home that night, being under promise to
go with my sweetheart—as they were
called in those days -to meeting on Sun
day. I was true to my promise, arriving
at her father’s house in due time. The
day being so very cold, it was decided
not to go to meeting. 1 came so near
freezing that day, dressed in my linen
suit, that my love for my sweetheart act
ually died out, and I wentbackbutor.ee
more. The good lady, however, survived
and is now the amiable wife of a prom
inent member of the church at Social
Circle.
“I wish to add, that since that time I
have been a very close observer of the
weather. I have observed, that it has
invariably been cool and if sufficiently
damp, frosty, about Easter-Sunday. It is
not safe Jo have cotton up at that time.
Frost rarely, if ever, occurs after Easter,
sufficient to damage vegetation. This has
been my observation, carefully noted,
every year since 1849.
E. W. Henderson,
Sardis, Miss., April 26tb, 1881.”
“Suscriber” writes from Grantville,
Ga.: “On the night of thelsth of April
1849, there fell a killing frost. (I think
it was on Sunday night.) On Monday
morning everything in the way of vege
tation was dead. Frost continued each
night to the 22nd, killing all the cotton
that came up each day. It was a fine
crop year."
Our correspondents differ a little as
to the day of the month, but agree as to
the day of the week on which the frost
began. By easy calculation it is found
that April 16th, 1849, fell on Monday,
and without doubt this was the date of
the occurence.
THE SORGHUM BUSINESS.
The indications are that the farmers
of the Northwest will succeed in estab
lishing the growing of sorghum and the
manufacture of sirup and sugar there
from as one of the great industries of the
country. It is a little remarkable that
the United States, possessing such a
wide extent of territory, embracing
climate and soil similar to those of Ger
man and France, where the beet sugar
interest is successful, as well as a large
section along our Gulf coast capable of
producing the tropical cane, should be
dependent on foreign importation for
more than four-fifths of the sugar and
sirun that we consume.
France is now supplying her own con
sumption and exporting largely of sugar
made from beet?. The recent improve
ments in the manufacture of sugar from
sorghum, the experience gained in the
manner of growing and handling the
crop, and the new varieties introduced,
indicate that in a few years this country
will make its own sugar. Already, it is
said, sugar producers in Cuba are be
coming uneasy at the prospect of nqt
only losing one of their best customers,
but at the same time gaining a lively
competitor in the markets of the world.
Meantime it is interesting to inquire,
will we of the South permit the North
and West to supply us with sugar in ad
dition to the long list of supplies that wc
can produce as well and more cheaply
than they? Will tne farmers of the
South never learn that they must diver
sify their crops, and especially that they
must produce everyth Ing needed at home
that can be done successfully? We have
fallen into the idea that sugar and sirup
were peculiar products of tropical and
intertropical and that it was in
the range of probability that in the fu
ture—whenever we made a determined
effort—we would supply the whole
country with sugar. But the indications
now are that in a few years we will be
using sorghum sugar from the West as
we have been glucose (corn sirup) for
several years. Will we never get well
of the cotton fever, and realize the fact
that we are very slaves to the kingly
tyrant?
Broad Webels for Farm 'Wagons.
—The surface over which loads are
drawn upon the farm is soft, as a rule,
and a wheel with a broad tire will not
sink so far as a narrow one. A load of
manure or hay can be drawn across
plowed er other mellow ground, upon a
wagon which has tires four inches wide,
when it would be impossible to do so
with the old narrow wheels, often leal
than two inches wide. The usually
heavy, muddy country roads of early
spring, are much more passable with
the wide wheels than the narrow ones;
and even upon smooth, hard roads the
difference in the draft is so slight as to
be no argument against the use of wide
tires. Most of the leaning upon the
farm is upon soft ground, and the light
draft of broad-tired wagons should make
them preferable, because they are a sav
ing of animal and strength. One of tho
first things that strikes an intelligent
European in coming to this country, is
tho very frail look of onr vehicles, espe
cially the narrow wheels. While these
may be desirable in road wagons, those
for farm use may well be with broad
tires. Contractors for road always use
broad-tired carts, as they find them most
profitable.
The “American Agriculturist.”—
Among our exchanges there is none that
we prize more highly than the above
published monthly by Orange Judd
Company, New York, at $1.50 per an
num. It is especially valuable to the
plain practical farmer for its great vari
ety of short, practical, ilhiatrated-articles
and the singular absence of long, dry
theoretical essays—which the average
farmer finds little time and less inclina
tion to read. The illustrations of simple
implements and contrivances for the
comfort and convenience of home and
farm are alone well worth the price of
the paper. We advise our readers who
may desire to take a first illustrated far
mers’ paper to subscribe for it.
A Losing Joke. —A prominent physician
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tient who was complaining of her continued
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“try Hop Bitters 1 ’ The lady took it in ear
nest and used the Bitters, from which she
obtained permanent health. She now laughs
at the doctor lor his joke, but he is not so
well pleased with it, as it cost him a good
patient,—Harrisbnrg Patriot.
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IMPORTANT IMPROVEMENTS AND LOWER PRICES.
THE MASON & HAMLIN ORGAN CO.
S whose CABINET OR PARLOB OR-
GANS have long maintained
their ABSOLUTE SUPR M V
CY as the very STANDARD
OF EXCELLENCE among in
struments of the class, have
pleasure in announcing the
completion and introduction
this season of SEVER AL IM
PROVEMENTS OF GREAT
PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE,
which give their organs a still
HIGHER DEGREE OF EX-
Baby Organs. CELLE CE, and at the same
Price, $22 and S3O. time render possible a RE-
DUCTION IN PRICES on sev
eral of the medium and smallerslzes.
Among these improvements may be mentioned:
AN IMPROVED BELLOWS, simplified in con
struction, of which tne action upon the reeds is
m re direct, with beneficial effect upon the qual
ity of tone, while the blowing is rendered
EASIER.
AN IMPROVED KEY-ACTION reducing the
force necessary to manipulate the keys nearly
one-half, rendering the whole action more elas
tic and perfect, and saving fatigue to the ptayer,
as well as almost certainly avoiding some of the
commonest faults in organ playing.
AN IMPROVED STOP ACTION; simple but
eilicient ami sure in working.
SEVERAL NEW CASES are offered, combining
grace and elegance of design, with simplicity and
stability of construction.
AN IMPORTANT PRACTICAL ADVANTAGE
of these and other improvements effected tills
season Is in GREATER ECONOMY OF MANU
FACTURE, Uy which lower prices of many styles
are rendered possible. The MASON & HAMLIN
ORCAN CO. now offer the following
EXTRAORDINARY LOW PRICES,
which certainly have not before been even ap
proached for organs of such highest excellence.
THE: BABY CABINET ORGA s (see cut at lie
ginning), three and a quarter octaves, suffi
cient compass for the full parts of popular sacred
and secular music generally, having the charnc
terls'lc tone and excellence of the Mason & Ham
lin organs; net cash price, $22. The same four
octaves, net cash price, S3O.
a FOUR OCTAVE OR
GANS, FIVE STOPS, (di
apason, viola, melodta,
flute, full organ, with
knee swell); catalogue
price. SBS; net cash price,
ssl FIVE OCTAVE OR
GANS, SEVEN STOPS
(diapason,viola, melodla,
seraphone, voix celeste,
full organ, tremulant,
with knee swell); cata-
Prlces, ssl and S6O. logue price, $100; net
cash price, S6O.
That standard of merit which has won for the Mason & Hamlin organs the
HIGHEST DISTINCTIONS at EVERY ONE OF THE GREAT WORLD’S
INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITIONS for thirteen years, at no one of which hag any
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tained but MATERIALLY ADVANCED.
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES (32 pp. 4to), with price lists, free.
Masoii&HaiiillnOrgan Co., TremoitSt.,Boston; 46 E. UthSt., New York; 149 Wabask At., Chicago.
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UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA.
The session begins on the first of October, and continues until the
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The Institution is organized in separate Schools on the Eclectic System, embracing FULL
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mr-104m JAS. F. HARRISON, M. D., Chairman of the Faculty.
FIVE OCTAVE ORGANS,
larne and elegant case,
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I7S[ J@| (viola, viota-dolce, diapa-
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se9Li!(<_ Iwl onet, melodla, clara'oella,
I voix celeste,tremulant,full
•vr-l ’ -JLI organ, with knee swell);
-..Q1 catalogue price, $170: net
!i S'jjs eSSsjMjq cash price, $lO2. Observe
that the number oj stops tn
1 All — an or oan is no criterion of
3 r/.n its capacity. A Mason &
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JBjlSwalpj peeled to have very much
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Price, $lO2. one of the ‘ cheap” organs
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LARGER STYLES of greater capacity are furn
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richly decorated and highly polished bv hand ;
up to S9OO each. SUPERB DRAWING’ ROOM
i STYLES, $lO2 to $570 and up. FOR LARG -1
CHURCHES, $570. S4BO, $360 and lesz. FOR
: SMALLER CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, etc., S3O to
S2O) and up. POPULAR STYLES, $22 to SIBO
. and up.
THE LISZT ORGAN,
1 of large scale and
i capacity; the best organ
which can be construe
* LS - . >'< — ,rom reeds. Suited
I for any use and adapted
Tl 1° any position. Price,
* 3 ' l9 - THE SAME, two
H Y/A manuals twenty-two
JM+sll2^.Stops: price, $570. EBO
NIZED CASES, exactly
IF imitating ebony, are
J Liszt Organ, $360. now ver y fashionable;
1 sll7 and up.
THE MASON <k HAMLIN ORGAN CO. now
1 regularly manufacture MORE THAN ONE HUN
DRED STYLES, including the lowest as well as
the highest priced instruments of this class in the
. world; all of which, considering quality, excel
lence and real value, are the cheapest organs
made The prices given in this adwrliscmenl are the
i louYSt net cash prices from our own warerooms, except
where otherwise stated.
FOR EASY* PAYMENTS.—Organs arc also furn
ished fob easy payments, at only sufficient ad
vance in prices to compensate for extra time and
expense. After a first payment of one-tenth of
the price of the organ, other payments may be $5
or more per month or quarter, according to value
of the organ.
_ ADVERTISEMENTS.
A SKfN OF BEAUTY IS A JOY F IREVER.
DR. T. FELIX GOURAUD’B
Oriental Cream, or Magical Beaatifler
m a
H « « TLw
* dSiHu i
Removes Tan, pimples, freckles, Moth-Patches,
and every blemish on beauty. It has stood the test
of thirty years, and is so harmless we taste it to be
sure the prepay Hon Is properly made. Accept
no counterfeit ol similar name 'J he distin
guished Dr. L. A. Sayre, said to a lady of the
naut ton (a patient)"As you laities will
use them. I recommend ‘Gouraud’s Cream*
as tfae least harmless of all sklu prepara
tions.” Also Poudre Subtile removes super
fluous hair without injury to the skin.
Mme. M. B. T. GOURAUD.SoIe Proprietor,
48 Bond St.. N. Y.
For sale by ail Druggists aud fancy goods
dealers in the United States, Canadas and
Europe. Beware of base Units lions which are
1 abroad. We offer SIOOO Reward-tor the arrest
and proof of any oue selhug the same.
For sale by ST. CYR FOURCADE, I. L. LY
ONS. New Orleans, and other druggists.
mrlOeowflm
WOLFF’S •
ACME BLACKING
FOR
LADIES’, CHILD REN’S & MEN’S SHOES.
TIIA POLISH
Comes of Itself without rubbing or friction, and
remains from one to two weeks. Shoes should be
well greased the night before applying the Acme,
then use as Uttle as possible to give the polish.
When dusty or muddy clean your shoes with a
very wet cloth dr sponge. Acme W aTERPROOFS
the leather and makes It keep the feet dry u if
rubbers were worn. If it should accumulate from
too free use. remove by rubbing with a Uttle alco
hol on a cloth. Manufactured only by
WOLFF, RANDOLPH <St CO.,
ap7 ts 169 N. 4th St,, Philadelphia.
I fiend for our LOW-PRICED List (maHedf ■
free on application) and see the number of H
PLANTS "Vr 11 sll
■ Our Greenhouses (covering 3 acree in Glass) B
■ arc the largest in America,
I Peter Henderson & Co,I
| 35 Cortlandt St., New York. g
feblo-18t
HOOK & HASTINGS
boston, Mass,
Builders of the Grand Organ for the Cincinnati
Music Hall; the powerful Centennial Organ; the
great Organ lu Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, and
of over
1,000
CHURCH ORGANS
For every part of the country We invito atten
tion to our new style of Parlor Organ (of pipea
only) at prices varying from $450 to SI,OOO, and
upwards.
MUSIC COMMITTEES, ORGANLBTB, and
others are ißvited'toapply to us direct lor alllnfor
mation connected with our art. Descriptive dren
lars and specifications furnished on application.
Second-hand Organs in great variety for sale at
bargains to purchasers. feolO-eow26t
I
Suh nkLßii. ■
■J 11 <-om*hte lUttrry on Baek. ■
Khi umatkin, I’arnhXit. ■
BuhlMUMk i*»t Vitality. HcaiteiSie, B
I NrrvouMVy vuknemt, Dvnpondtuicy. ■
Cun«tipat4oii.
Sand to- Onr filer!rn-Magnefte Jawrnal. cantata- B
-•1 Ing dra<Tiphons, trMimoniak. etc., Urtsc <• *U- B
J. W. W EAKLEY, Jr. & CO., < IntlnnMtk O. B
mr24 eow6t
NORTHERN TEXAS
Offers greater attractions in way of good, cheap
lands, healthy country, mild climate, abundanoo
of timber and water than any other aectlon now
open to settlement. In it the TEXAS AND PA
CIFIC RAILWAY is now being extended west
ward over one mile per day, and is now offering
for sale at low prices and on easy terms over
4,000,(i00 acres of land. For descriptive circular!
and maps giving truthful Information, address
W. H. ABRAMS,
Land Commissioner T. & P, Ry., Marahall, Texas.
ap7 eowSt
♦ STOVE PIPE SHELF
AND UTENSIL STAND.
A.HBNTS WANTXD for tta
most convenient article ever oAkraa
to housekeeper.. Agent, meet w*b
greeter .neceu then ever. Om wmol
■Ude MM In IS days, anoiherlM
In Bdays. another in 1 day. Boxlnm nnw
Frelsh* Free to Agent.. Send for circular, to
MWWi address. L E. SHEPARD A <Nk-
Ctnolnnati, 0., or *L LoulaTllat
augl eowß9t
R. F. Lawton. Pro’r. | Bixby E. Ribs, Caahier.
IL F. LAWTON,
BANKER AND BROKER.
40 SECOND STREEI, MACON, GA.
A GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS,
IN all its departments, attended to with care and
promptness. Securities bought and sold on
commltrfon. Collections made on all accessible
pointe, with dispatch, at lowest rates. mr2s ly
14-BTOP ORGANS,
CiTTIS *n A CiC! *■ Oct. Coupler '
»WJ9 JOjXOS« Bet R.ede, $M
Pianos SIHS A upwards sent on trial. Catalogue
free. Address Daniel F. Beatty, Washington, N. J.
je!7 eowly
ADD AM v »W- icYI.W: to 82 STOPS
vKbr Ass 8
dec»-tf Washington, N.
ftjrt All Gold, Chromo A Llt’g Cerda, (No two
OU Alike,) Name on, 10c. Clinton Bros
ClintonvHle, Conn. oct2Beow26t
52
aepUeowMt
ts <Y CHRONOS, name In new type,loc. by mail.
0 U 40 Agts. Samp’es, 10a U. 8. Card Co. .North
fordTUt dert-eowly
r/Y Gold, Ftoured. and Acfrws CHROMOB,IOa
0(J Agent’. Sample Book, 25c. SEAVY BROS.,
Northford Ct dec#-eowly
trn Lithographed CHROMO CARDS, no 2
PU ‘‘’lk’. btg Oulfit, 10c. Glom Cabd
Co..Northford, Ct.- dec»-eowly
7