Newspaper Page Text
The Farmers’ Index.
All letters intended for the Editor of this De
partment should beaidressed, “Fakmkks' Index.
Drawer 24, Atlanta, Ga.”
SENSIBLE TALK.
From the Hartwell Sun we read that
at a recent meeting of the Hart county
Agricultural Society Capt. J. F. Craft
moved—“ That we make extra exer
tions to make our living at home,"
and supported his resolution in the
following remarks, which we heartily
endorse and commend to the readers
of the Farmers Index :
‘•My opinion is that our Agricultu
ral Society may be made a very great
benefit to the farmers of Hart county ;
and if we succeed in no other way we
can accomplish great good by talking
things over and inducing people to
think for themselves. I think the
distribution of seeds is a good thing.
We get possession of valuable varieties,
and by making careful tests we get
paid for it. But the best thing we can
do is to talk about the best manner of
making a living at home; and if we do
adopt a plan looking to that end, we
will get people to thinking, and we
will succeed. Hence my motion, that
we resolve to make a living at home.
How shall we do it? My notion is we
risk too much on corn —that is we use
•too much. We consume twice as
much as is necessary. We must
live on less. We do not need much
corn except for the purpose of making
bread. We must make arrangements
to feed our stock on less corn—give
them more oats and rely more on the
pasture. You all know I was a stock
law man. I will go this far and say
that you will be obliged to adopt that
law before you succeed as fanners. If
we had rains without fail we could
perhaps get along, but in these times
of drouth you must rely more on pas
tures. You raise a crop of corn, and
you have great expense to gather it,
ehuck it, and crib it, and the loss in it
'besides. Then you have to feed it to
your horse. You can raise a crop of
grass on your land, and your horse will
gather it for himself and save you the
expense of gathering it yourself. In
the North they pasture their stock at
night. They don’t feed on corn, but
save it to sell to us. They save at least
half the expense by letting their
horses graze on the pastures. You ask,
how will we'get pastures? You must
make them—sow your patches in rye
and barley. You must sow oats. Now
if our farmers would all think, there
would be as much rye and oats sowed
as necessary. I purpose, as one of
this Agricultural Society, to agitate
this subject and get all to think. You
take a field and sow it in oats and
every one would take the crop from
that field rather than the one in corn.
Now where is the good sense in plant
ing a field in corn when you know
. that oats will make as much again and
at half the expense ? There is no use
*• for the farmer to be a speculator. This
thing of speculative farming is all
wrong. I have tried it, and have good
reason—from experience—to believe
that it will not do. I have been plant
ing cotton and planting cotton, and I
get less and less by it. I will cite you to
the man who makes his corn and does
not buy it, and he is getting along better
and is making more clear money than
the man who raises all cotton. Now
if we will go on talking about this mat
ter [and practice what you preach—
Editor.] we will, as a Society, make
an impression on the whole county.
I move therefore that we try to make
a living at home.”
The resolution was unanimously
.adopted, and we have only to remark
is strange that farmers will talk
so wisely and well, whenever they meet
together in club rooms or elsewhere,
and yet act so unwisely—so contrary
to their repeatedly expressed convic
tions.
It is probable that the present crop
of cotton will command a better price
than for several years past, and, maybe
bring more money—in the aggregate
but not to the farmer. He owes too
many guano bills, corn and bacon
accounts and old balances, and cannot
hold his cotton for the highest price.
Moreover, the high price, if it prevails
during the winter and spring, will
strongly tempt him to venture another
—just one more, big cotton crop. The
only salvation for the farmer is in a
wholly self-sustaining policy, ragard
less of prices. That farmer is wise
who pursues the even tenor of his way,
planting his corn, oats, wheat,potatoes
etc., raising hogs, producing milk and
butter for home consumption and a
little to sell, just as if the comfort and
happiness of his family depended en
tirely upon home-made supplies—re
gardless of high prices of cotton or low
prices of Western supplies.
♦
JI’jEE VILS— GRAIN-MOTHS
{We are sure all the readers of The
Index will join us in thanking Prof.
Willet for the interesting and instruc
tive article which follows. Very few
farmers are at all familiar with the
natural history of these destructive lit
tle pests, and the article will repay
careful and repeated reading. We
hope some of our investigating young
farmers will experiment, in the line in
dicated, and discover some effective
remedy for weevils. — Editor.]
Editor Farmers’ Index :
In reply to your request for “a short
history of the habits of the several species
THE CHRISTIAN INDEX AND SOUTH-WESTERN BAPTIST: THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1881.
of insects that infest Indian corn, 'wheat
and peas,’’ and a suggestion also of “the
much needed remedy," I submit the fol
lowing. I regret that I have not been
able to give these insects, personally,
very thorough study.
INDIAN COBN.
Two beetles and two moths are known
to infest stored corn. ‘ The Bice-weevil
or black weevil is a small beetle one-tenth
of an inch long, slender snout, and is
quite black, except a small red spot on
the end of each wing cover. Prof.
Townsend Glover, the Entomologist of
the Department of Agriculture, spent
the fall of 1854 in South Carolina and
Southern Georgia. He found this
weevil very abundant in November, in
Georgia, burrowing under the husks of
corn to deposit its eggs. The small
grubs, hatched from these eggs, mine
their way into the grain, and feed upon
the interior. When they are ready to
become pupa, they eat out towards the
surface, until only a thin layer of the
grain is left, which the weevil when
mature can easily push away and make
its escape. But the mischief does not
stop here. The weevils, which escape
thus in the spring, proceed to lay eggs
on the grains of corn, and a new brood
of worms and beetles is produced ; to be
followed by a succession of broods
throughout the summer. I recently
counted 36 grains in one ear, either con
taining weevils about toescape, or show
ing holes from which others had escaped.
Most of the escaped weevils were dead
within the shuck. This corn was raised
in Bibb county in 1880. In strong con
trast with this was Western corn, hund
reds of bushels, in a mill in the city
showed no signs of weevils.
Sylvanus quadricollia is a smaller cheat
nut-colored flat beetle, without the lona
snout of the rice-weevil I find it here
in old flour, bran, rice-bran, and corn.
Prof. Glover found them in corn taken
from the field ia October. They lay thei'
eggs near the heart or eye end of the
grains, and the young grubs ea'ing int >
the kernals devour first the germ and
then the starchy matter. The kernels
are thus separated from the cob, and
will not germinate. As both larvae and
perfect insects weie found inhabiting
the same ear, it is probable that there is
a succession of broods throughout the
year.
The European Grain-Moth is a small
moth, four-tenths of an inch across the
open wings. Its general color is white
marbled' with brown spots. Glover
found this in the fields in September.
The caterpillars feed between the grains,
making cavities on the surface, but not
burrowing into the interior of the
grains. In shelled corn or wheat, they
cover themselves with the fragments,
which they line with a silken web. In
creasing in size, says Dr. Harris, “they
fasten together several grains with their
webs,” or wandering about, spinning as
they go, “the whole surface of the grain
will be covered with a thick crust of
webs and of adhering grains.” Glover
observed the first brood of moths early
in September, and the perfect insects
from their eggs in October, and thinks
there may be several broods every year
in our warm climate. Only two broods
are recognized in the Northern States.
lhe Angoumois Moth is somewhat larger
than the preceding, with wings six
tenths of an inch in expanse and yel
lowish-gray in color. Glover observed
them depositing their eggs on ears of
corn in the field in November. Dr.
■Harris says, that this moth, in wheat,
lays 60 to 70 eggs, and that the caterpil
lars, which issue, scatter and each one
selects a separate grain. Unlike the
caterpillars of the European Grain-Moth,
these mine into the interior of the grains,
where they live and undergo their trans
formations; and whence they issue as
perfect ineects. There are several broods
per annum.
WHEAT.
The Rice- Weevil and the Sylvanus at
tack stored wheat, but it is not known
that they enter it in the field. The
Wheat- Weevil of Europe, however, is the
most destructive weevil iu the Northern
States. I have not seen it here. Dr.
Harris describes it as a beetle, one-eighth
of an inch long, with a slender snout,
and of a pitch red color. Its habits are
very much like those of the Angoumois
Moth ; each grub entering a separate
grain of wheat and devouring the inte
rior, and several broods succeeding one
another. Both grub and weevil feed on
wheat. They are not said to enter
wheat in the field.
Both of the moths just described infect
wheat. The European grain moth is the
more common North. The Angoumois
moth seems to have originated in the
French Province, Angoumois, where
about 1760, its ravages almost "produced
a famine. It seems to have entered
North Carolina first in the United States,
from which it has been pretty generally
disseminated. The accounts do not ren
der it certain, whether it ever enters
wheat in the field.
field peas.
I am not able to say whether the wee
vils and moths, described before, attack
field-peas or not, but they have a very
destructive enemy in
the pea-weevil.
Prof. Riley minutely describes three
weevils which infect English peas, and
beans. I found recently, in store, some
field-peas from East Tennessee, from
which were issuing in great numbers,
weevils resembling most our English
pea “bug” or weevil. For convenience,
I will call them Pea Weevils. The hab
its of the three kinds are very much alike.
At the flowering time of tne pea or bean,
the female weevil deposits her eggs on
the young pods of the peas or beans.
The young grubs gnaw through the pods
and enter the peas, where they burrow
and feed until they c >me forth as beetles.
In our English peas, a few may escape
in the fall, but most come forth in the
spring, about planting time. Those in
the East Tennessee field-peas had evi
dently been there ever since they enter
ed last summer or fall. lam not able to
say whether the weevils here and furth
er South, escape earlier or not. The
grubs in some tender peas here are near
ly grown now, and even the green peas
are not Very appetizing for table use. It
must be remembered, that the pea weevil
does not attack the dry pea, and hence
one brood does all the damage.
REMEDIES.
The writer has no special remedy
against these insects to offer. But a few
suggestions may be in place.
I know of no means to prevent the
weevils and moths from laying their eggs
on corn anb peas in the field. Too great
care can not be used in cleaning all trash
and refuse f’om cribs and granaries, be-
fore housing the new crops. A good
crop of hungry insects may hide in such
litter. The joints of grain-bins can not
be too tight, nor the lids be fit ed too
closely. Corn and peas carry a brood of
their enemies from the field. While
these crops are in the husk, I know of
no way of reaching these insects, while
securely housed in the grains. When
the mature weevils and moths have Come
out of the corn in the spring, o renew
their work, experiment may show them
to be accessible to some destructive va
pors, as of chloriform, bisulphide of car
bon, or the tincture of insect powder, or
pyrethrum. Prof. Glover found the first
to kill weevils; my experiments show
the insect powder to be equally fatal;
and the bisulphide of carbon is the only
poison that reaches the root-louse of the
vine in France. The liquids may be
conveyed to dilierent depths in the corn
pile, through an iron tube driven down
by a mallet. Any who try such experi
ments, should know the properties of the
liquids used. Trials may be made on a
few bushels in a box, both in the fall and
spring.
Wheat, and shelled corn and peas may
by kiln-dried late in the fall. Cylinders,
like the rotary coffee and peanut roast
ers, have long been used in France for
this purpose, with wheat. The first
brood in the grain is thus destroyed be
fore much damage is done. The germi
nating power of the grain is usually de
stroyed. Dr. Harris prescribes a tem
perature of 167 degrees of Fahrenheit’s
thermometer to be continued twelve
hours, but says that 104 degrees will an
swer, when continued two days. This
last may be attained by the sun’s heat,
and several days of sunning, in the fall,
may be found to destroy the young
grubs:
Horses, in all countries but America,
know nothing of Indian corn, but are fed
on hay, oats, lucern and other green for
age. If our horses were fed on the same,
we need protect less corn from the wee
vils. Yours Truly,
J. E. Willet.
Macon, Georgia.
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phreys’ Book on Disease and Its Cure (14-1 pp.) also
illustrated Catalogue sent free.
Humphreys Homeopathic Medicine (><>.,
p *lO9 Fulton Street, New York.
novi S t/
m-fe O 135 Writing Leiters, Type, Figuies,
<”|t’ BEST PRESS!
• Ink, Reglets,Gold,Nippers, Case.Raek,
(-n SJ o 100 Cards, outside ease: All for 86.00.
ZZiaS 3 W. C. EVANS, 50 N. Ninth St., Phila
■d-g.3 delphia, Pa. apl4 ts
mill
STBICTHY HOHTABLE,
I JLaW X.’
Supplies a long felt want. 100 Sold In
' Ninety Days.
Every owner of a Farm Engine located In moderately
timbered country can And profitable employment the
year round by purchasing one of these Mills.
Every owner of a timbered lot is interested in having
one of these Miila in his neighborhood. No more haul
ing logs to mill. All the Yvaste saved.
Write for Circulars and Price Lints, and address of
nearest Agent. .[Name thi« Paper.]
RUSSELL & CO., Massillon, 0.
septi 3m
can be only -|-
*' permanently Cured by the
N use of CHILDS SPECIFIC. H
n Can_be used at home by the |
” patient. Free treatise by mail.
Rev. T. P. CHILDS,TroyTo. S
may 19 26t
Jhurch, School, Fire-alarm. Flne-crned,low-priced, warrant
4 ..uiofuswith 1500te«timonlaL-,prioea,etc.. ■••Dtfrea»
Manufacturing Co., Cincinnati.
Jy27-26t!
I ADVERTISEMENTS.
' A SKIN OF BEAUTY IS A JOY F REVEB.
DR. T. FELIX GOURAUD’B
Oriental Cream, or Magical Beaotifler
® pt
Removes Tan, pimples, freckles. Moth-Patches,
and every blemish on beauty. It has stood the test
of thirty year*, and is so harmless we taste it tube
sure the prepaU lion is properly made. Accept
no counterfeit of similar name The distin
guished Dr. L. A. Sayre, said to a lady of th©
AauZ (on (a patient) :-“As you ladles will
use them, I recommend ‘Gouraud’s Cream'
as the least harmless of all skin prepara
tions.” Also Poudre Subfile removes super
fluous hair without injury to the skin.
Mme. M. B. T. GOURAUD, Sole Proprietor,
48 Bond St.. N. Y.
For sale by all Druggists and fancy goods
dealers in the United states. Canadas and
Europe. Beware of base imitat ions which are
abroad. We offer SIOOO Reward for the arrest
and proof of any one selling the same.
For sale by ST. UYR FOURCADE, 1. L. LY
ONS. New Orleans, and other druggists.
mrio enwßm
For Health, Comfort and
aSyl/jB Elegance of Form,
O MADAM FOY'S IMPROVED
HfSJF CCHSET
T'Sl SKIRT SUPPORTER,
LIT IS NOT EXCEIXED.
/ Rccentimprovementaadd much
/i v V X It° its already extensive popular!-
/ V y * ® an, P le mall, I lso * For
Ljf \ | Bale all leading Jobbers and
Aihi FOY, HARMON & CO.,
/ NEW ,lAVEX » coira -
mayo eow it—ag sep oct eowTt
RARE CHANCE
for Ladies and gentlemen to make mon y. The Hewitt
Manufacturing Company wants an Agent in every County
u the United States, to takw the Agency for the Kliik’*
iron*. 4 complete Irons in one: (Smoothing, Crimping
.ind Fluting, Bund and Gloss!me iron. Terms very lib
eral. P’otlti* large and sells rapidly, as every House
keeper mants one. Exclusive territory given to agents,
Ao opposition. For prices, terms mid full information,
please address Till’ HEWITT M AXI FACTLKLXtt
COMPANY, Box PllUburg, l'u.
It
45%-GOLDEN DAWN
Or Light on the Great Future in this Lite through
the Dark Valley and in the Life Eternal. ILLUS
TRATED. Sells fast, fays over
Ctrnn A MONTH FOR
agents.
Send for circular aud terms. Also send address
of two or more book sg- nts and 10 cents for cost
of mailing, aud receive the People’s Magazine of
choice literature free for six months. Address
P. W. ZIEGLER A CO.,? 1
feb3-tf 915 Arch St., Philadelphia, P
’.AjSTstoVE PIPE SHELF
AND UTENSIL STAND.
W *1 AGICaVTS WX.VTJED for the
'“oat convenient at dele ever oflbred
to housekeepers. Agents meet wßb
greater success than ever. Oue aaeol
made K 192 in 15 days, another 888
In 2 dava, another ,27 in 1 day. Boxing aud
Freight Free to Agent*, tor circulars to
Deareal address. J. F. SIIEPAI<I> C O-
Cincinnati, 0., or St. Louio, 31th
augl eow39t
Wire Railing and Ornamental Wire Work
DUFUR & CO., fcX&d
North Howard street, |l?Qi AAufl
Baltimore, Md.
Manufacture Wire Railing for Cemeteries
balconies, etc., sieves, fenders, cages, sand
,tki coal screens, woven wire, etc. Also iron
bedsteads, chairs, settees, etc,, etc.
feb!9-Iy
AGENTS WANTED EOR
Fastest Selling Book ot the Ace I
FOUNDATIONS of SUCCESS,
BUSINESS C X^H? FORMS,
Thelawsuf trade, legal forms, how to transact busi
ness, valuable tables, social etiquette, parliamentary
usuago, how to conduct public business; in lact it is a
complete Guide to Success for all cbasses. A family
necessity. Address for circulars and special terms,
ANCHOR PUBLISHING CO., Su Louis. Mu
octifl
SSOO Reward.
WE will pay the above reward for any case of
Liver Complaint, Dyspepsia, Sick Headache,
Indigestion, Constipation, or Costiveness we can
rot cure with West’s Vegetable Liver Pills, when
the directions are strictly complied with. xhey
are purely Vegetable, and never fail to give satis
faction. Sugar Coated. Large boxes, contain!
30 Fills. 25 cents. For sale by all Druggists -<•
ware of counterfeits and imitations. Thegenuint
anv/HCtured only by JOHN C. WEST & CO.,
tjo Pill Makers,” 181 & 183 W. Madison Street,
Chicago. Free trial packages sent by mail pre
paid on receipt of a 3 cent stamp. ap2B ts
NEW RICH BLOOD!
Parsone’ Purgative Pills make New Rich
Blood, and will completely change the blood in
the entire system in three months. A n>-person
who will take 1 pill each night from 1 to 12 weeks
may he restored soiinil h««ltli, I f such a tiling
be possible. Sent bv mail for 8 letter stamps.
I. S. JOHNSON A CO., Boston,
formerly Bangor, Me. _
C tiiViti ly
S') r Fashionable Garde, no two alike, with
name 10 cents, post paid. G>o. B<
Rkbd & Co, Nassau, N. Y. octlß.ly
Standard Biography
j - Os PRESIDENT GARFIELD.
) flßOPnfl-ea. Able Author*. Fine Illustration*. New,
/Authentic, Complete. llin early life, rue into promin
ence as a Soldier and Legislator; ejection to the Prcsi
b ncy; the formation of his Cabinet; the contest in Con
gress; the Attempt on his Life; his Surgical Treatment and
Convalescence, ail fullv discussed. The Faateet Scllln<
Hook of the Dav. AGENTS WANTED Everywhere
For full Particulars address nt once, •
J. C. McCUKDY & CG.» I’hiladclDhlu. Tae
my!2 ly
MI) i AMU 1,30 u ’ r l?‘ ,Ou : 10 82 STOPS
! I K(t A N > PIANOS *125 up. Paper free’
M AbM 41X1 v- Addreg DANIEL F. BEATTY
dec9-tf W%sh(a<ttu. N.
This remarkable niedU
cine will cure
Splint, Curb, Callous, &c-
W or Rliy enlargement, and
" will remove the bunch
without blistering or caus*
ing a sore. No remedy
O ever discovered equals it for
M--1J 1 certainty o I action in stop-
W MJ ping the lameness and re-
| W w moving the bunch. Price 11-00. Send for illus
■> J 1 -Si trated circular giving positive proof, and youg
’ I W agent’s address. Kendall sNpuv«
Cure ia sold by o*
*ent by Dr. B. J. Kendall & Co., Enosburg Falls, Vermont.
feb!7-tf
DlAiinC P- SOLD ON INSTALLMENTS
■ lAllUv and shipped to al! parts of the
HDQAIIQ II countl *y« PRICES LOW and
UIIUIAIIv II terms of payment eany. Send
for Catalogue* HORACE WATERS & CO..
Manufacturers and dealers. 82fl Broadway. New York.
augll 6t
MUSTACMK AM) WHISKERS,
W VVKE’ri UEABU LLIXIK d.d U..
...jiunu. r-u, NMr
nA,.... « aim. L.aara . cu, i-omim, hl menus a fUge
ap2B eow!Bt
te(\ All Gold, Chromo a Llt’g Curds, (No two
OU Alike.) Name ou, 10c. Clinton Bros
Clintonville, Conn. ocl2Beow2Bt
7