Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

GERMAN EMIGRATION. The immense emigration from Ger many to the United States is causing considerable anxiety to the German government, and specia' measures to control and obstruct tl.<s tide of emi gration are being taken by the authori ties. The enormous drain upon the resources of the empire, by this incess ant course of depopulation, is making itself felt, and if continued in the de gree that now obtains, it must cripple German political and industrial power seriously and, eventually, fatally. The German government is fullyalivs to the importance of the question, and will leave no means untried to coun teract the feeling among the German people that the United States is the “Land of Promise” for them, and that, in their case, emigration means re lease from many ills which they have now to bear, and the offer of prosperity in the immediate future. The exodus has its source in a very deep fountain, which the artifices of diplomacy will fail to rzach, and to whose outflow the barriers of a government policy are as a wall of shifting sand. According to the recently published report of the imperial Commissioner of Emigration the cause of the present unprecedented emigration is to be found, primarily, in the prosperous condition of affairs in the United States, and the possibility which is offered to an industrious craftsman or agricultur ist to acquire property in a compara tively short time; or, at any rate, to se cure good wages, and thus better his condition generally. In the opinion of the Commissioner, the principal rea son which determines the German em igrant to try his fortune in the United States is, that the majority of emi grants have friends or relatives who are comfortably settled across the wa ter, and these urge others to come to them. Representations which are more or less true are made by those in America to their countrymen in Ger many as to the demand for skilled la bor in the United States, and that cer tain employment and good wages are offering to all who are willing to work at anything they can do. These rep resentations are believed, and thus masses of Germans are induced to emi grate. As a general thing those who make up their minds to go to America endeavor to get a number of others from the same place or neigh borhood to join them. In a very large number of cases the Germans who are settled in America send on the passage money to those whom they would like to follow them; or, rather, a passage ticket is bought in the United States and forwarded to the friend or relative in Germany. In this way, during the past year, about 16 per centum of the entire number of emigrants were sup plied with passage tickets sent from America. Among the emigrants in 1880 were a very large proportion of persons who had been owners of land in Germany, proprietors of small holdings, who had succeeded iu disposing of their proper ty with the view of emigrating. Ac cording to the statements of this class, there are numbers in the same cate gory who only await a chance to sell their small possessions at a fair price before setting out for what they be lieve to be the promised land. Rela tively, in comparison to former years, a great number of persons have emi grated who seemed to be living at home in by no means unfavorable pe cuniary circumstances. The report of the imperial Commis sioner of Emigration, however, utterly fails to mention the chief cause of the extraordinary emigration to the United States, a cause which is no secret, as it is spoken about openly, viz : The general discontent among the working classes at their condition, the shape which the internal affairs of the country have assumed, and the constantly-increasing burdens of taxa tion for military and other purposes. If it be taken into consideration that these irksome causes are operating now with such intense force, “in piping times of peace,” we can readily imagine that these causes are aggravated, and their results consequently magnified, by the fact, fully appreciated by the masses, that the peace of Europe is based upon extremely fragile founda tions, and that the public edifice may tumble about the heads of diplomatists at any moment. Dangerous and pow erful elements are at work undermin ing and shaking the patched fabric of peace, and a war involving Europe in its disastrous consequences is not an apparition of the fancy, but a readily demonstrable fact of judgment and reason. —Messrs. Silman & Thompson, of the Jefferson, (Jackson county,) bar, will soon publish a “Handbook of Le gal Forms,” prepared especially for the benefit of Justices of the Peace, Ordi naries, Clerks, Coroners, County Com missioners, Road Commissioners, Sher iffs and Constables. The volume will be issued from the press of Jas. P. Harrison & Co., of “The Franklin.” See the advertisement in this issue of The Index. _ A letter has been sent to the Gov ernors of all the States and Territories by the committee having in charge the movement to secure funds for the erection of a monument over the grave of the late President Garfield, at Lake View cemetery, Cleveland, asking the co-operation and assistance of the citi zens of the different States and Terri tories. Secular Editorials—Literature— ff''* ' Domestic and Foreign Intelligence. LITERARY NOTES AND COM MENTS. —“ It is the vice of the age to under value the mission of the poet, but it is nevertheless true, that all that is re fined, beneficent and ennobling in human progress receives impulse from the inspirations of the seers, prophets, and poets, for the terms are synony mous.”—“ Home and Society,” in Pot ter’s American Monthly. —Speaking of the prominent posi tion occupied by periodicals, especially the monthly magazine, in modern literature, of which fact, by the way, Thi Century ( Scribner’s) is an illustri ous example, Dr. Holland, the editor of that magazine, says: “ At no period in the history of litera ture has the monthly magazine been so dominant as at the present, and in no country is its power so great and ex clusive as in the United States. The time was when great novels, for exam ple, first saw the light on the book seller’s counter, and when the tastes or whims of leading publishers was an important agent in giving direction to the efforts of authors. But not many prominent American novels have of late years reached the American reader in the first instance between book covers. Criticisms once sought the sober leaves of the quarterlies, but the old-fashioned quarterlies themselves have almost disappeared, and the most admirable works of literary judgment and definition are now apt to find day light first in the dailies, weeklies, and monthly magazines. The leaders of thought in letters and in art give their verdict more especially to the great audience of the monthly, and ‘popular science’ seeks the same vehicle. The reasons for this are obvious. The pros perous magazine, with a guaranty in its vast circulation, can furnish better productions and more matter than can be afforded at the same price in book form, while its assured circulation and established repute make it a medium very tempting to the best minds. There are, undoubtedly, some disadvantages in this extensive jurisdiction of the magazine,but the advantages are many. The thoughts of the best writers in every department are here presented together. Prose fiction, poetry, des cription, travel, history, biography, and works of art contend in a common arena for attention, and the contact and competition are beneficial to all of them. The monthly magazine is the great modern intellectual amphithea ter, and the publicity it is able to give to works of excellence of widely differ ing kinds is a perpetual stimulus to the intellectual activity of a nation. No body ordains, licenses, graduates, or installs the conductors of a monthly magazine; their work is undertaken without formality or ceremony, but there is no function in modern life more difficult or responsible. The literary and artistic judgment of the editor who stands between the author and his readers —the artist and his public—must directly and strongly affect the taste and culture of the peo ple, while the energy, originality, and enterprise of a magazine publisher be come modifying forces in art, literature, and life. But the conductors of a magazine are not wholly free agents. The public, in turn, imposes its authori ty upon them. There is an inevitable law of natural selection which gives the popular voice a final control. That which the public will not have,— that which the intellectual conscience of the reader does not sanction, —the con ductor of a monthly must avoid. The fittest survive, in magazines as else where ; no amount of capital or pres tige can give vitality to a periodical which is not in accord with the thought and sentiment of its age. The maga zine whose ways are not the ways of the present time cannot live on its old reputation, but must stiffen and die with the infirmitiesof age. Journalistic alertness, an entire modernness, and wide-awakeness in subject and manner, are the indispensable conditions of life and prosperity in the struggle for exis tence in which periodical publications are ever involved.” —Brown & Derby, publishers, No. 21 Park Place, New York, desire the ser vices of one thousand ladies and gen tlemen, to act as agents for the sale of “ History of Georgia,” and “ Poems and Essays,” now in press. Large commis sion will be paid. —Mrs. G. N. Bordman, Melrose, Mass., has published “ The Temperance Clarion,” a new book of original chor uses and part-songs, for juvenile clubs and temperance organizations; price per copy twelve cents. The book is a good and suitable one. We advise our Southern temperance associations to adopt this excellent little work for use in their song-services. ATLANTA, GEORGIA, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 20, 1881. —Jefferson Davis intends to write a History of the United States suitable for schools. We think he lacks some of the essential elements of a first-rate historian. The greatest events in the history of our country are too recent to admit of impartial statement and judicially impartial commentary by any living writer, North or South. Two or three generations hence the great task will be accomplished. —A suitable tomb to the memory of Joseph Severn, the friend of Keats, is to be erected. The proposed site is the Protestant cemetery at Rome. A num ber of prominent persons are interested in the proposed monument, and it is intended that the memorial tablet shall commemorate both the painter and poet. —The edition of the New Revision by the Baptist Publication Society simply incorporates in the text the American company’s preferences, remands to an appendix the English company’s varia tions, and changes the spelling of two words, viz: “judgement” to “judg ment,” and “ cloke ” to “ cloak.” —Do not forget to invite your chil dren to tak about what they read. The habit stimulates thought and in quiry, increases interest in subjects of importance and the books that relate to them, and fastens facts and reason ing in the memory. A book that is not worth talking about is not worth reading. —The Baptist Family Magazine has been transferred to the American Bap tist Publication Society. The intention of the Board is, we understand, to issue a monthly magazine, in which the family Magazine is to be merged. —They do things thoroughly in Germany, where Dr. Ethe’s “ History of Persia ” is in press, occupying four teen volumes. —A third volume of Rev. Dr. Cun ningham Geikie’s “Hours With the Bible ” is in press, and will shortly be published. It covers the history from Samson to Solomon. —English critics call attention to the fact that the best book on Carlyle’s work as a thinker and writer is Mead’s “ Philosophy of Carlyle,” an American work. —Mr. Sidney Lanier left two com pleted works which are yet to be printed. “ The Boy’s Mabinogion,” which Charles Scribner’s Sons will pub lish during the autumn, uniform with Mr. Lanier’s “Boy’s King Arthur,” contains the Welsh legends of King Arthur, which are wilder and more fanciful than the English tales. Mr. Lanier followed the translation of the legends made by Lady Charlotte Guest for her children. —Savannah News : “ The friends of Major Charles W. Hubner, literary and news editor of The Christian Index, of this city, will be glad to know that his new volume, “Poems and Essays,” is nearly ready to be given to the pub lic, and will be a most attractive and readable book. Major Hubner is a poet of rare genius, and as an essayist has wOn an enviable reputation. The book will be sold by the canvassing agents of Messrs. Brown & Derby, New York, who are the publishers. One of the famous libraries of Europe is to be sold under the hammer —the Sunderland or Blenheim library. It was collected by Charles Spencer, third Earl of Sunderland, in the reigns of George I. and George 11., and is celebrated throughout Europe for its rare books and manuscripts. The library comprises a remarkable collec tion of the Greek and Roman classic writers, in early and late editions; a large series of early-printed Bibles and Testaments in various languages; a few ancient and important MSS.; rare editions of Dante, Boccaccio, Petrarch and Ariosto; books, tracts and chroni cles relating to America, England, Spain and Portugal; English county histories; tracts dealing with religious events in England and France during the 15th and 16th centuries, and first editions of the works of French, Italian and Spanish poets of the 16 th and 17 th centuries. Lack of funds on the part of the present Earl is the reason for selling. The Minutes of the Georgia Baptist Association are now in the hands of our publishers, and within ten days from this date will be ready for distrib tion to the following brethren : For the Ist. District —H. J. Lang, Washington, in care of T. W. Calla way : For the 2nd, District to Dr. Pitta, Thomson ; For the 3d, District to M. M. Landrum, Union Point; For the 4th, District, to W. P. McWhorter, Woodville; For the sth, District to M. M. Sims, Washington. NOTES. —The always well-informed and re liable Atlanta correspondent of the Savannah News, in his letter of the 10th inst., says, relative to the Cotton Exposition : “A dozen new buildings besides those nearly completed are be ing erected, some of which are quite large, two being as commodious as the wings of the main Exposition building. Hundreds of additional exhibits have arrived, and are awaiting the comple tion of the unfinished buildings. In fact, the whole Exposition has more than doubled its original outlines,both in size and variety of exhibits. No department is yet in order, but everything is being pushed ahead with remarkable energy, and a portion of the main building will be all right the last of the week. But few visitois as yet are on the Exposition grounds or in the city, the most of the strangers being exhibitors and newspaper correspondents. None of the hotels are full, and there is plen ty of room for all who may come. Brown’s Grand Exposition Hotel is open, also the Camp Hotel. Excursion ists will not commence arriving before the middle or last of the month. It will be nearly a month before every thing will be in order. Then the Ex position will be, indeed and in fact, a grand affair.” —The recent strong speech of Glad stone wherein, in plain words, he made the statement that the laws passed by Parliament for the melioration of the condition of the Irish tenants and land owners would be enforced regard less of consequences, has stirred up the ire of the Land Leaguers, the rebel lious followers of Mr. Parnell. The latter replied to Mr. Gladstone in a bit ter and violent speech, full of his char acteristically virulent denunciations. A Dublin correspondent of the Times says Mr. Gladstone’sspeech has brought light and hope to the loyal people who felt that the government had aban doned them. The midland counties are still, .yery lawless. Boycotting is proceeding with untiring vigor, and in cendiarism is frequent. —The story of the assassination of President Garfield, and of all the cir cumstances which preceded the terri ble fact itself, has been minutely writ ten out by Guiteau himself, and pub lished. It is a startling narrative of misery and villainy. If it has been published with the idea that its peru sal by the people will help Guiteau’s defense on the “insanity” plea, it fails to accomplish its object. It proves him to be very eccentric, as well as a very accomplished and pertinacious, wretch in all the details and minutiae of pre-determined crime. His consis tency and dogged perseverance in car rying out his horrible purpose are as remarkable as his nerve and coolness during and after the commission of a deed which has committed his name to an immortality of infamy. —Most of the chiefs of the Irish Land League have been arrested, and are now studying their “obstructive” tactics behind jail bars. As might have been expected, their followers in the old country and their assistants in the United States, are frantic with rage, and the air and the papers are filled with threats of bloody revenge. —Dr. J. G. Holland. —In the sud den death of Dr. J. G. Holland, editor of Scribner’s Magazine, (now the Cen tury), American literature suffers a grievous loss. As the editor of the most popular magazine, he occupied a com manding position in the literary realm, and was recognized as a leader among, the writers to whose manly efforts and brilliant successes the present high po sition which our country holds in lit erature is mainly due. His versatility of genius was remarkable, and equally so his industry. Above all, his honest directness of purpose, his hatred of sham, his vigorous championing of truth and wholesomeness in the work of authorship, and the high standard of morality in literature and society which was set up by him in theory, and so conspicuously illustrated by his own manly practice, made him not only one of the most successful but one of the most useful and beneficial writers and authors of our age. We honor his memory, and sincerel regret the removal of one who was so integrally identified with our intellect ual prosperity and the glory of Ameri can belle lettres. —Perhaps the most interesting item of news from Europe, of a political char acter, is the dispatch announcing the arrest of Parnell, the Irish “Tribune,” as his followers are fond of calling him. He was at rested while on his way to a Land League convention, on two war- rants, signed by Mr. Foster, Chief Sec retary for Ireland, charging him with inciting the people to intimidate oth ers from paying their just rents, and with intimidating tenants from taking the benefit of the Land Act. He is now in jail at Kilmainham. Parnell’s arrest has excited intense in dignation among the Land Leaguers in Ireland, and their associates in the United States. Gladstone, in the course of a speech in London, alluding to Parnell’s arrest, said: “I have been in formed that the first step has been ta ken towards the vindication of law and order, the rights of property and of a first element of civilization, by the ar rest of the man who from motives which I do not challenge or examine, has made himself prominent in an attempt to destroy the authority of law. We are not at issue with the people of Ire land. I firmly believe that the major ity of the tenants earnestly desire a fair trial of the Land Act. The power with which we are struggling is that which endeavors to say how far the people shall obey the law. We have no fear of the people of Ireland, but do fear lest many should become demor alized or intimidated.” He said he would rejoice at the adoption of any form of local government in Ireland, provided it did not impair the suprem acy of the Imperial Government. He renewed the claim for the support of all, without distinction of party, in the great national crisis. Mr. Gladstone was enthusiastically cheered throughout the delivery of his speech. By this act of the British Govern ment Parnell, from a common political agitator and demagogue, has been sud denly elevated to the position of a mar tyr-patriot, and his influence over the inflammable material at his command increased a hundred fold. But no other course seems to have been open to the English Government in this vexatious matter. The three young men who recently robbed the passenger train on the Iron Mountain railroad were captured, tried by a special court and sentenced to seventy years each in the penitentiary. A correspondent, writing from Little Rock, Arkansas, where they were in carcerated says: All of them appear like ordinary country boys. Delany said, on entering the prison : “We are poor boys, and have lived at St. Augus tine, Florida. We have good relatives there, and hope they will never hear of our disgrace. All of us were in love, and the girls loved us. We had no money, and did not see how we could support them if we got married. We were determined to get married, and so laid our plans to get money. We read about the James boys in the papers, and saw how easy it was to rob trains and get away, and we decided to rob a train. We left home three weeks ago yesterday, and came direct to Arkansas. After robbing the train we intended to go back home and set tle down.” Dr. James G. Holland, editor of Scribner's Magazine, died suddenly of heart disease on the 12 th inst., at his residence in New York. He was appar ently in perfect health the day before his death, and was at the office of Scribner’s, on Union square, preparing his “Topics of the Times” for the De cember number. He awoke at about 5 o’clock in the morning and spoke to his wife about rising. A moment afterward he began to breathe heavily, and Mrs. Holland noticed that he was very ill. Before she could summon medical assistance, or even call the members of the family together, he died. He was born July 24,1819, and leaves a widow, two young daughters, and a son who is at Yale college. The St. Petersburg official organ, commenting on the' reports relative to an international convention for the extradition of political criminals, says: “The Russian Government has no in tention of exercising pressure in any quarter. It regards the action’of such criminals against society as threaten ing all States alike, and therefore thinks that defensive measures against the scourge should be collective. Rus sia has invited all other Governments interested to come to an arrangement. As a matter of course, each power is at liberty to act as the circumstances of its legislative institutions require.” The Secretary of the Oldham Eng land Cotton Spinners’ Association has written a letter to Colonel A. D. Shaw, United States consul at Manchester, declaring that thousands tons of sand are paid fur by Oldham spinners as cotton in consequence of fraudulent packing. The letter suggests that the names of the planter and packer be placed inside of each bale of cotton. GEORGIA NEWS. —Columbus will have water works by June Ist, 1882. —The rice planters in Mclntosh are busy getting in tbeir crops. —Lowndes county voted the whisky ticket last week by 383 majority. —Hancock county has begun to erect a new court-house in Sparta. —Georgia railway stock sold at $165 per share at Lexington last sale day. —Land was sold in Coweta county recently at an average of nearly ten dollars an acre. —There is more ground sown in turnips in Johnson county this year than ever before. —The display of Georgia ores at the Atlanta Exposition is astonishing in its fullness and variety. —Hon. H. W. Hilliard and family will make Augusta their permanent place of residence. —Everything bids fair that the new Macon and Atlanta road will be finished by the first of April. —Miss SudieSimms, of Atlanta, was given a dose of arsenic for quinine, from the effects of which she died. Bowman, on the Elberton railroad, is shipping double the quantity of cotton this season than it did last. —January 30th, 1883, will be the one hun dred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the colony of Georgia. —The Dublin Post says the tax payers of that county have increased from L3OO of seven years ago to 2,300 this year. —The Sandersville Mercury says there has been more sickness and deaths in that county this year than at any time since 1868. —The new opera house at Americus is sixty feet in height and fifty-four feet wide, and will be formally opened next January. —Farmers in Oglethorpe county say they never had as good a stand of oats as this fall, and a great many more were sown than last year. —No intoxicating diink can be sold within two miles of the corporation of Forsyth, ex cept as a bona fide prescription by a physi cian. —Forsyth is the liveliest and best cotton market between Atlanta and Macon. Ship ments for the past month, 2,058 bales, and five or six hundred in store. —The Elberton and Petersburg Railroad Company have begun to procure the right ot way for their road. They will endeavor to extend their charter to Charleston, South Carolina. - Savannah News: “Bartow county is to have a new cotton factory, to be located at Adairsville, on the Western and Atlantic railroad, where it will have ample facilities for a successful business.” —The City Council of Thomasville has reduced the taxes iu that town to thirty cents ih the hundred dollars. The assessed value of the property in the city has increased about a quarter of a million of dollars. • -The Sheriff of Fulton county advertises for sale at public outcry, before the court house door in Atlanta, all the machinery, office furniture, and other property of the Georgia Gold Mining and Metallurgic Com pany, to satisfy a judgment of the court, —The Western and Atlantic Railroad Company has expended about $60,000 to prepare for and assist the Cotton Exposition. This includes SIO,OOO subscribed to the stock, cost of exhibit of minerals, etc., from the line of the road and depots and two trains for Exposition travel. —Secretary Harris, of the State Senate, says there are now forty-eight counties in the State in which the sale of liquor is pro hibited, and prohibition was asked for by many other counties, but was killed or post poned by amendments allowing the people of various districts to vote on the sale. —Macon Telegraph and Messenger: “A careful comparison of our State exchanges with those of others leads us to remark that, in journalism, Georgia is as far in advance of the remaining Southern States as she is in everything else. Her dailies and weeklies teem with news and fine editorials.” —Houston county voted against the sale of liquor, after January Ist, by nineteen majority. The Perry Journal says a large majority of negroes voted in favor of whisky. At Fort Valley there were one hundred and forty -nine votes against, and not one in favor of the sale. —An Alabama traveling agent for a New York bouse, who is getting up sac‘s and figures in the cotton crop South, says that Alabama will make as much cotton this year as last, an increased acreage making up for the shortage. He thinks that Mississippi and Georgia will not fall far short of last year’s figures. —A few days ago the Constitution con tained over two solid pages, in fine type, of City Marshal’s tax sales for Atlanta, proba bly the largest advertisement of the kind ever seen in a Georgia newspaper. It cer tainly shows that a very large number of our citizens are careless or reckless in regard to their taxes. —The large cotton factory being erected by Messrs. Elsas, May & Co., the well-known bag manufacturers, is nearing completion, and has caused a small village of neat little houses for operatives to spring up all around it. Thus an extensive barren tract of land near Oakland Cemetery has suddenly become a lively manufacturing centre. —The Americus Recorder notices the fact that many farmers in that section sre plow ing and turning under tbe heavy growth of weeds and sod. The Recorder speaks of one man who is running eight sulky plows. That is all as it should be, and if good crops are not grown in that section next year, we will not undertake to make any more pre dictions. —Columbus Times: “ From planters in this section we learn that seven-eighths of the remaining crop of cotton Is now open in the fields and pickers are very scarce. Many of them say that they will have their entire crop gathered by the first of November. We have nad no frost yet, but the worms have done what a September frost would have accomplished. In many fields not a leaf is left, and any one at all familiar with cotton culture knows the result.” —Americus Republican: “From parties living in Marion, Dooly and Lee counties, we have the unwelcome news to impart that cotton has all been picked, and most of it sold. They report the crop as short by one half, in all counties but Marion, where it was good. The top crop, which promised so much, and from which they expected to make enough to pay their debts, has all been gathered by caterpillars, and they won’t make half as much as from the bottom crop.” —Some idea of the vastand comprehensive character of the International Cotton Expo sition may be had when we state that the actual floor space covered by exhibitors amounts to twenty acres of ground, and that every foot of this is covered, and that more could be covered if it were possible to get it. That the circumference of all the buildings is eleven miles. That is, if a person were to walk around each one of the buildings, he would have to walk eleven miles before he was through. That there are six miles of steam pipes that are used to heat the various buildings, etc That there are five miles of sewerage pipes used to drain the buildings and grounds. That there are eight million feet of lumber used in the erection of all the buildings on tbe grounds. Political affairs in France are, as u-mal, unsatisfactory. Another resig nation of the ministers is imminent.