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THE PRESS. Dr. Talmage, a few days ago, deliv ered one of his unique discourses, taking for his subject the modern newspaper press. He seems to have studied the subject to some purpose. He gives vent tq several peculiar and a few original opinions concerning the press, (one of the most powerful liter ary and m 'al agencies of modern times,) which will not be indorsed by many; still the discourse is quite in teresting and entertaining. One of the texts taken for his dis course was : “ And the wheels were full of eyes.” He said : “ What but the printing presses have all their wheels full of eyes? All other wheels are blind. The manufacturer’s wheel sometimes rolls over the operative fatigued in every nerve and muscle and bone, and sees nothing. But the news paper press has sharp eyes, keen eyes, eyes that look up and down, far sight ed and near sighted, that take in the next street and the next hemisphere; eyes of criticism, eyes of investigation, eyes that sparkle with health, eyes glaring with indignation, eyes tender and loving, eyes frowning and suspici ous, eyes of hope, blue eyes, black eyes, green eyes, sore eyes, historical eyes, literary eyes, ecclesiastical eyes, eyes of all sorts.” Dr. Talmage’s second text was, “For all the Athenians and strangers which were there spent their time in nothing else but either to tell or hear some new thing.” The speaker said: “That text gives the cry of the world for a newspaper. In proportion as men be come wise they become inquisitive, not about small things, but about greater things. The great question thunders, ‘What is the news?’ There is a news paper in Pekin, China, that has been published every week for a thousand years, printed on silk. Rome answer ed the question with the Acta Diurna. France answered it when her physici ans wrote out the news for patients. England answered it by publishing an account of the Spanish Armada, and its newspaper press went on increasing until the battle of Waterloo, which de cided the destinies of nations,of Europe, was chronicled in a description of a third of a column! America answered the question when Benjamin Harris published the first weekly newspaper, entitled Public Occurrences, in Boston, in 1690. The first American daily newspaper was published in Philadel phia, in 1784, entitled The American Daily Advertiser. I will give you the genealogical tree of the newspaper. The Adam was the circular: the circu lar begat the pamphlet; the pamphlet begat the quarterly ; the quarterly be gat the monthly; the monthly begat the semi-monthly; the semi-monthly begat the weekly; the weekly begat the semi-weekly; the semi-weekly be gat the daily. Alas, through what a struggle it came to its present develop ment! As soon as it began to demon strate its power,superstition and tyran ny shackled it. There is nothing that despotism so much fears as the print ing press. It has too many eyes. Rus sia, which, considering all the circum stances, is the meanest and most cruel despotism on earth to-day, keeps the printing press under severe espionage. A great writer in the south of Europe declared that the King of Naples had made it unsafe for him to write on any subject but natural history. Austria could not bear Kossuth’s journalistic pen plied for the redemption of Hun gary. Napoleon 1., wanting to keep his iron heel on the neck of the na tions, said that a newspaper was a regent of kings, and that the only safe place to keep an editor in was a prison. “But the great battles of freedom of the press were fought in the court rooms of England and the United States. One was when Erskine made his great speech on behalf of the free dom to publish Paine’s ‘Rights of Man’ in England. These battles were the Marathon and Thermopylae of the fight which determined that the print ing press was not to be given over to handcuffs and hobbles of political des potism. Thomas Jefferson said: ‘lf I had to choose between a Government without newspapers and newspapers without Government, I would employ the latter.' “Stung by some fabrication in print, we talk of the unbridled press. Our new book is ground up by unjust criti cism, and we talk of the unfair press. Through some indistinctness of our ut terance we are reported as saying just the opposite of what we did say, and we talk of the blundering press. We take up a newspaper with a social scandal or a case of divorce, and we talk of the filthy and scurrilous press. But this morning I address you on a subject you have never heard presented —the immeasurable, everlasting blessing of a good newspaper. Thank God that their wheels are full of eyes! I give you this overwhelming statistic : that in the year 1870 the number of copies of literary and political newspapers published in this country was 1,500,- 000,000! What church, what reform ers, what Christian man, can disregard these things? I tell you, my friends, that a good newspaper is the grandest blessing that God has given to the peo ple of this century—the grandest tem poral blessing. The theory is abroad that anybody can make a newspaper with the aid of a capitalist. The fact is that fortunes are swallowed up every year in the vain effort to establish newspapers. The large papers swallow up the small ones. The big whale eats about fifty minnows. We have 7,000 dailies and weeklies in the United Secular Editorials—Literature— j' Domestic and Foreign Intelligence. States and Canadas, and only thirty six are half a century old. The aver age life of a newspaper is about five years. Most of them die of cholera infantum. It is high time that it was understood that the most successful way to sink a fortune,and keep it sunk, is to start a newspaper. A man with an idea starts the Universal Gazette or the Millennium Advocate. Finally the money is all spent, and the subscribers wonder why their papers do not come. Let me tell you that if you have an idea, either moral, social, political, or religious, you had better chargeon the world through the columns already established. If you can’t climb your own back yard fence, don't try the Matterhorn. If you can’t sail a sloop, don’t try to navigate the Great Eastern. To publish a newspaper requires the skill, precision, vigilance, strategy, and boldness of a commander-in-chief. To edit a newspaper one needs to be a statesman, a geographer, a statistician, and so far as all acquisitions are con cerned, encyclopaedic! “Our newspapers are repositories of knowledge and are constantly lifting the people into the sunlight. News paper knowledge makes up the struc ture of the world’s heart and brain, and decides the fate of our churches and of nations. Adams, Jefferson, Franklin, Clinton, all had their hands on the printing press. Most of the good books of the day have come out in periodicals. Macaulay’s essays, Carlyle’s essays, Ruskin’s, Talfourd’s, and others have first appearel in peri odicals. If one should see in a life nothing in the way of literature but the Bible, Shakespeare, a dictionary, and a good newspaper, he would be fitted for all the duties of this life and for the opening of the next. A good newspaper is a mirror of life as it is. Complaints are made because the evil is reported as well as the good. But a newspaper that merely presents the fair and beautiful side of society is a misrepresentation. If children come into the world’s active life and find it different from what they had believed, they will be incompetent for the struggle. Complaint is sometimes made that sin is set up in great primer type and righteousness in nonpareil. Sin is loathsome; make it so. Virtue is beautiful; make it so. A great im provement in newspapers would be to drop their impersonality. It would add potency to articles to see articles signed. It seems to me that no honor able man would write an article that he would be ashamed to put his name to. What is a private citizen to do when a misrepresentation is multiplied 20,000 or 50,000 times? A wrong done a man’s character in a newspaper is more virulent than one done in pri vate life. It seems to me that it would be a great advantage to the literature of this country,if men could get the credit for the good they write, and be held responsible for the evil they write. An other improvement would be a univer sity education for journalists, as for other professions. No profession re quires more culture and education than that of journalism. There must be editorial professorates in our col leges. “The newspapeis serve an important function as the chronicles of passing events. They describe for the benefit of future historians all events —ecclesi- astical, literary, social, political, inter national, hemispherical. They are the reservoirs of history. They are also a blessing in their evangelizing influences. The Christian newspaper will be the right wing of the apocalyp tic angel. The cylinders of the Chris tian printing press will be the front wheels of the Lord’s chariot. The music that it makes I mark not in diminuendo but in crescendo!” Byway of answer to the recent manifestations of the Italian pilgrims in Rome, the Democratic party in Florence organized a demonstration in honor of Savonarola, who, we are re minded, was tortured and burnt in 1498 by the agents of Pope Alexander VI. The demonstration is described as having been of a simple and solemn character. The procession, with flags and music, repaired to the great square, where they deposited a crown of flowers upon the monument of the Italian preacher and reformer. There are likely to be exciting times in Pittsburg. The Law and Order League has determined to put a stop to the violation of the Sunday laws by liquor sellers. Its members say that they will do this peacefully if they can, but forcibly if they must. They charge the authorities with conniving at the Sabbath breaking of the saloon keep ers, and promise to make it lively for them. ATLANTA, GEORGIA, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 1881. JUSTICE. Herbert Spencer gives the following definition of “Justice” in his paper in the Popular Science Monthly for No vember; it points out, also, quite irre futably, the fallacy of the controlling idea of Communistic sophism : The corporate life of the society be ing no longer in danger, and the remaining business of government be ing that of maintaining Xhe conditions requisite for the highest individual life, their comes the question, What are these conditions ? Already they have been implied and comprehended under the administra tion of justice; but so vaguely is the meaning of this phrase commonly con ceived that a more specific statement must be made. Justice, then, as here to be understood, means preservation of the normal connections between acts and results—the obtainment by each of as much benefit as his efforts are equivalent to —no more and no less. Living and working within the re straints imposed by one another’s pres ence, justice requires that individuals shall severally take the consequences of their conduct, neither increased nor decreased. The superior shall have the good of his superiority, and the inferior the evil of his inferiority. A veto is therefore put on all public action which abstracts from some men part of the advantages they have earned, and awards to other men ad vantages they have not earned. That from the developed industrial type of society there are excluded all forms of communistic distribution, the inevitable trait of which is that they tend to equalize the lives of good and bad, idle and diligent, is readily proved. For, when the struggle for existence between societies by war has ceased, there remains only the' strug gle for existence,' the'final survival aria spread must be on the part of those societies which produce the largest number of the best individuals—indi viduals best adapted for life in the in dustrial state. Suppose two societies, otherwise equal, in one of which the superior are allowed to retain, fortheir own benefit and the benefit of their offspring, the entire proceeds of their labor, but in the other of which the superior have taken from them part of these proceeds for the benefit of the inferior and their offspring; evidently the superior will thrive and multiply more in the first than in the second. A greater number of the best children will be reared in the first, and eventu ally it will outgrow the second. The Index office had recently a very pleasant visit from a centenarian —Dr. C. 0. Graham, of Louisville, Ky. This gentleman is now in the ninety-ninth year of his age, tall in stature, slender and straight in persin, easy and rapid in movement, and, while partially hard of hearing, sprightly and entertaining in conversation. He was born of the hardy settlers of Kentucky before “the dark and bloody ground” became a State, grew up to share the camp-life of Daniel Boone, and has fought through three wars since. His exceptional vigor now is due to the uniform ac tivity and temperance characterizing his habits from early youth—an exam ple which we earnestly commend to young men generally. At the advanced age of Dr. G., one would suppose that few surprises were left to him; but he professed to find one in our editorial sanctum. He, of course, was a wonder to us; we felt as though we were boys in his presence; and yet he said that ‘to find three such venerable, gray bearded men in a single office was so rare and striking a thing that it im pressed him more than the Exposition itself.’ A remark which aptly illus trates the readiness of those “well stricken in years” to divjde patriarchal honors with others who have no man ner of title to them. In a beautiful and genuinely impor tant paper on “The Mormon Situation,” Judge Goodwin, in Harper's Magazine, speaks of the despotism and aggressive spirit of the Mormon infamy. He says: “The superb organization of the Church is held complete in all its de tails ; nothing is permitted to be neg lected. No general ever held an army under more perfect control than Taylor and Cannon hold the whole body of the Mormon people. Through tithes a tremendous sum is secured annually, with which the priests strengthen any weak spot in their position. Their lines are solid from within, and toward the world the organization bristles everywhere with the defiance of discip lined strength. More and more mis sionaries aie sent out annually, and the annual increase of bigoted, priest enslaved foreign creatures joining the ‘kingdom’ in Utah is very great. From Utah colonies are selected, and sent wherever a place presents itself. In this way the valleys of Colorado arid Arizona, Idaho, Wyoming, Mon tana and Washington Territories are being swiftly appropriated, and wher ever the colonists go they carry with them joyfully their badge of slavery to a few men in Salt Lake City, who they believe are the vicegerents on earth of the living God.” Beautifully and truthfully Oliver Wendell Holmes says: “Oftentimes I have seen a tall ship glide by against the tide as if drawn by some invisible bow-line, with a hundred strong arms pulling it. Her sails were unfilled, her streamers were drooping, she had neith er side-wheel nor stern-wheel; still she moved on stately, in serene triumph, as with her own life. But I knew that on the other side of the ship, hidden be neath the great bulk that swam so majestically, there was a little toilsome steam-tug, with a heart of fire and arms of iron, that was tugging it bravely on; and I knew that if the little steam-tug untwined her arm, and left the ship, it would wallow and roll about, and drift hither and thither,and go off with the refluent tide, no man knows whither. And so I have known more than one genius, high-decked, full-freighted,idle sailed, gay-pennoned, but fur the bare toiling armsand brave, warm-beating heart of the faithful little wife that nestles close to him so that no.wind or wave could part them, he wunld have gone down with the stria m, and have been heard of no more.” - - ■' ♦ • The forthcoming report of First As sistant Postmaster General Tyner will -bv | iite extensive. It will be shown are now 44,512 post-offices States, whicl> is an in crease during the fi.cal year of offices. There were established during the same period 2,915 offices, and dis continued 1,415. The number of presidential post-offices is stated at 1,863, which is an increase of 103 dur ing the fiscal year. Os the 44,512 post-offices, Pennsylvania has 3,506, which is by far the largest number in any one State. During the year Arkansas had the lion’s share, 155, of post-offices estab lished ; Texa ■ the greatest number dis continued, 127, and Tennessee the largest actual increase, 119. Nevada has by three fewer post-offices than last year. New York possesses 192 presidential offices, which is a greater number than any other State. Pennsyl vania has the largest increase in presi dential offices —eleven. The number of money order offices is stated at 5,100, of which Illinois has the largest number—4 80. The considerable sum of 12,000 Italian lire is offered by the Royal Academy of Sciences of Turin as a scientific prize during the coming year. This prize known as the Bressa, in honor of its founder, is to be awarded to the inventor or author, whatever be his nationality, who, during the years included from 1879 to 1882, shall have, according to the judg ment of the Academy, made the most important and useful discovery, or published the most valuable work on physical and experimental science, natural history, mathematics, chemis try, physiology, and pathology, as also geology, history, geography, and sta tistics. By the conditions of the foun der, this prize can in no case be given to any of the national inventors of the Academy of Turin, resident or non resident. The National Cotton Planters’ Asso ciation held an important meeting at Vicksburg. The attendance was large and influential. Resolutions were adopted memorializing Congress to refer all plans for the Mississippi river improvement to the Mississippi River Commission, in order to avoid a con flict of various plans; requesting Con gress to remove the tax on co'ton ties; pledging support and co-operation to the Farmers’ Alliance of lowa in the suit against the Washburn-Moen wire fence monopoly, and inviting farmers and planters throughout the Cot’oi States to meet with this As relation, at Atlanta, December 6th, which is ex pected to be one of the most interest ing occasions in the history of the South.- A Plea for the Gray.—Under this title our readers will find, in another column, a stirring and suggestive lyric by our Southland’s laureate. All who “wore the gray” will feel the heart grow warm and the eyes moist at the revered remembrance of “the days that are no more.” A PLEA FOR THE GRAY. PAUL HAMILTON MAYNE. [Written at the request of aladv of Mobile who stated (in a letter to the author), that a discus sion hid bsen inaugurated iu that city, among the military companies, as to the propriety ol changing the Gray for the Blue or some othei fancy uniform, etc | When the Land’s Martyr, mid her tears, Outbreathed his latest breath, The discord of b»ng, festering years, Lay also dumb in death : Our souls a new-born friendship drew With spells of kindliest sway At last, at last, the conqiinrhig Blue Blent with the vanquished Gray i Yet. who thro’ this South-land of ours, While Fnith and Love are free, But still must cast memorial flowers Across the grave of Loe? And oft their ancient grief renew O’er •• Stonewall’s ” cherished clay ? The heart that’s pledged to guard tne Blue Must honor still the Gray 1 O, veterans! of Potom°c’s flood, Or Vickburg’s lurid sky,— Old passions may be purged of blood, Old memories cannot die! They till your eyes with fiery dew, Revive your manhood’s May,— And past the bright, victorious Blue, Bring back Uie stainless Gray I O, M the desperate fight, All weaVKnd broken uow, With shattered nerves, or blasted sight,— Frail armsand furrowed brow I What think ye of lhepatriot view Flashed on your minds to day ? Too old to don the prosperous Blue, Ye clasp your tattered Gray ! From many a worn and wasted mound, And dust encumbe r ed clod, The voices of dead heroes sound, Rising ’twixt earth and God 1— ' “Our doom was dark, our lives were true, Ah 1 cast not quite away— What time ye hail the favored Blue— M Old dreams that crowned the Gray!’’ Can Honor in his sacred grave Less fair and glorious be? Can Faith on fortune’s fickle wave, Change with the changeful sea? Beware lest what ye rashly do Should end in shamed dismay,— And all pure champions of the Blue, Scorn traitors to the Gray! “A great sensation,” says the Rome (Italy) correspondent of The Hour, “has been caused by the conversion of Count Enrico Campello—a Canon of St. Peter’s Church —to the Protestant faith. The Canon gives up an income of twelve thousand francs a year. He Is of noble family and is a handsome man of about forty-five years of age. He says, that twenty years ago, he con templated taking this step, but delayed doing so because he was attached to Pius the Ninth, and after his death he waited to see if Leo XIII. would be more libera! than his predecessor had been. When he found that the Vati can party grew daily more bitter against the State, he could no longer remain a traitor to his country, and an enemy of every progress and civiliza tion ! The Pope tried all he could to persuade Count Enrico not to change his religion, and great promises were made him, but without avail. Tn his letter of resignation he does not spare the Pope or his party. He calls a spade a spade and tells a few truths which his opponents have not seen fit to reply to. Only one person—a cousin of Count Enrico —has been bold enough to attack him, and it would have been better for him had he remained silent like the rest of his party, for the ex- Canon’s rejoinder discouraged him at once from continuing the fight. The Roman Church has lost one of its most promising priests, and the Meth odist community has gained a highly intellectual adherent. Count Enrico intends to remain a preacher, but, as he says, of a purer and more simple faith than that of the Roman Church.” —Mr. Tennyson’s new poem, “Des pair,” is in the form of a dramatic soliloquy, and deals with the problems of religion and the future life. It des cribes the sorrow and despair of a man and his wife who lose all faith in the saving power of Christianity, but it is not easy to draw, from it any definite conception of the Laureate’s religious convictions. The poem contains many fine lines, and altogether recalls some of his greatest productions. The following lines are clearly inspiied by Hamlet’s soliloquy: Why should we bear with an hour of torture, a moment of pain. It every man die forever, if all his gilefs are in vain; And the homeless planet at length wIU be wheel’d thro’ the sileuce of space, Motherless evermore of an ever vanishing race? A journal published at a Jewish charity fair in Cincinnati takes the ground that it is the Jews who are ex clusive, and tells them they ought to be more tolerant of Christians. “We assert ourselves,” it says, “as a ‘peculiar people,’ and, except in our business associations, hold ourselves aloof from the Christian world.” - The article by Dr. Norman Fox, which appeared as original in one of our Southern Baptist exchanges re cently, was handed by the editor, with other selections, to the foreman of the office, and failed to be credited as se lected matter through an error of the printers. So both the foreman and the editor testify. The Sunday theatres in Cincinnati have been permanently suppressed. GEORGIA HEWS. —A number of Cincinnatians will settle in R >.ne. —Half of the business portion of Fairbum was destroyed by fire —A lodge of Knights of Honor is being instituted at Lumpkin. —An election lias been ordered on the ence question in Pise county. —ln thirty years the farmers in Georgia have about trebled in number. —lt is rumored that the Atlanta rolling ■ nill will be moved to Cartersville. —Three little children were recently ooisoned in Havannah by eating china ber ries. —Jackson county farmers can afford to »i’« Shockley apples for thirty cents per bushel. —The top crop of cotton in McDuffie i-Ounty is yielding from 200 to 400 pounds to the acre. —Georgia pine is taking the lead iu woods for office furniture, book cases and kindred purposes. —The Louisville and Wadley railway has earned a four per cent, dividend, after paying all expenses. —Talbot county has ten acres in grape vines, from which, in wine, $12,375 has been realized this season. —The demand for lumber in Blakely ex ceeds the supply. New buildings are con stantly being erected. ' —Fifty freeholders have petitioned the ordinary of Pike county for an election to decide the question of fence or no fence. —The committee soliciting for the Monroe Female College lack only $250 to make the $3 000 required to secure thesl,ooo promised by an unknown friend. —The people of Wrightsville have held another meeting and gone to work to raise the funds for building the Tennille and Vrightsville railroad. —A prominent preacher of Hancock county tells the Sparta Times man that he had been able to collect only sixty-eight dollars of his salary this year, up to date. —W. G. Braddy, of Glascock, has a gourd vine on his place that has twenty or thirty gourds that will hold, each, an average of one-half bushel of grain. —Solicitor-General Womack, of the Flint Circuit, tells the Henry County Weekly that he has issued over five hundred true bills in that circuit since January first. —A syndicate has been formed of New York capitalists to build the Georgia South ern and Florida road from Macon, Georgia, to Jacksonville. Florida. The estimated cost of the road is $2,200,000. —The New England visitors to the Atlanta Cotton Exposition are of the opinion that cotton manufacture both North and South, will be greatly benefited by the unparalleled display made. —The North Georgia Citizen announces that the Northern tramps are coming South, and that way in large numbers Chatta nooga is said to be infested with them to an alarming extent. —Most of the improvements now going on in Athens are in a radius of a few hundred yards of the Northeastern depot. That will be one of the most important portions of Athens in a few years. —A inong other specimens exhibited at the Cotton Exposition by Capt. G. 0. Dant were wines and pure olive oil, products of Glynn and Mclntosh counties. The olive trees were grown in those counties. —Macon fishermen report large quantities of shad passing that city, and at times the water ij said to be white with them In the I last, five years several millions have been put into the Ocmnlgee rt that potnt. —Savannah News: “Mr. R B. Reppard has just made a most, munificent gift to the Weoley Monumental church of a new, com fortable and desirable building, conveniently located to the church, for a parsonage.” —Dalton has finished its road across the mountain to Walker county, and the Argus thinks it will greatly increase the cotton trade of Dalton. The road cost $754, and was paid for by individual subscription. —The Wrightsville Recorder says Mr. Jesse Williams, of that county, (Johnson), last week killed an eagle measuring seven feet from tip to tip; one of bis talons measured two and three quarter inches in length. —Florida is to have her Exposition day on the first ot December, when a mammoth excursion is to be worked up. About the same time the Mississippi editors are to visit the Exposition in a body. - -The Montezuma Weekly thinks that “no syrup made can compare with that which Southern Georgians eat. If the proper in terest was taken in the production of cane, a vast revenue would be added to the wealth of the Southern States.” —lu Union county a region is covered with veins of mica from five to fifteen feet wide, which are intersected by innumerable smaller veins of the finest quality of this valuable mineral. It is to be worked by a company, of which Col. J. S. Fish, of Dalton, is manager. —Atlanta Constitution: “ The Florida Natural History rooms at the Exposition grounds is worth visiting, even at ten times the remarkably low price now charged. It is the ft nest collection of marine curiosities in the United States. Saw-fish eighteen feet long, hammerhead sharks three feet wide from eye to eye, and one thousand other curiosities are shown.” —The Oglethorpe Echo reports that almost every cotton field in that section still has quite a quantity of the staple in it, and it thinks that Oglethorpe will make considera bly more than was counted on. It also lives in hope that next year Oglethorpe will raise at least very near all the corn, meat and small grain necessary to do her. —ln the Clerk’s office of the City Court in Atlanta a suit was filed by Messrs. Milledge & Haygood, attorneys for Mr. William Gas kins, against the city of Atlanta for SIO,OOO. Gaskins is the Representative from Coffee county who was injured by a runaway horse, on Whitehall street, on the evening of the 10th of September, and the damages are asked for the injuries then done the gentle man. —Messrs. Bates & Young are making preparations to begin the work of building the piers, abutments, etc , for the bridge over the river at Chattahoochee for the Pensacola and Atlantic railroad. Their barge is com pleted, and the necessary machinery is being gotten ready. The Columbus Iron Works are building tor them a pile driving machine, which will be used in making the coffer dams necessary for laying the foundation of the piers. —On the subject of killing pine timber by the turpentine industry, the Worth Star says : “It is erroneous to suppose that the process of extracting turpentine from the trees will not eventually kill them. A few days since, in passing Tift's old turpentine farm, we noticed that nearly if not quite half of the trees were dead, while those yet alive bore a sickly appearance. The old turpen tine farms on the Gulf road are, in many instances, forests of dead timber, and only fit for agricultural purposes. With some the belief obtains that boxing trees does not in jure them. As well might it be said that drawing blood from a man does not weaken . him. Twenty years hence the pine forests of the wiregrass belt will either be converted into lumber or into one vast ‘deadning.’ i Then, as heretofore, our prosperity as a peo ple will depend upon the cultivation of the soil. This is an important subject, and one which our people should not lose sight ot in 1 the rush for the ‘big money’ to be made in the timber and turpentine business.”