Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

14 WAKING OF BIG BELLS. ■T An Industry In Which American Founders Excel. • ““ I CHIMES FOR CHURCH SPIRES. Many of Oar Famous Ctiurchgoinfr Bell* Come From Abroad, but .Fuat ad Good One* Are Made Here—Some Detail* of Their Manufacture. The churchgoing bell long ago ceased to be a necessity, but there are yet no signs that it is becoming obsolete. On the contrary, the bell founders seem to be just as busy as Over, for every now and then a new set of chimes is ordered by some prosperous church. Only a short time ago a chime of 19 bells was hung in the belfry of St. Patrick’s ca thedral, New York. They were import ed from Savoy, Italy, at a cost of over <12,000. The most famous bell makers are prob ably those of various European coun tries who dispute honors with each oth er, but in the United States there are bellmakers who can make just as big and just as good bellsas anybody. In fact the largest bell on this continent was cast only a year ago in Cincinnati, and in Baltimore is the McShane bell foun dry, where bells of great size are made for churches all over the world. Possibly it was due to the unique character of the industry, but my first visit to a big bell foundry left a lasting and vivid impression on my mind. The exterior was prosaic enough, with its bare brick walls and infrequent, smoky, dingy windows. The first glimpse of the interior was uninteresting too. But when after passing through the big and comfortable offices and the barren pattern room I stepped into the great Toom where the monarchs of sound real ■ Ts- noise into beiiur I realized that it 1 mJe! 1 ‘ witl i I Mb 11 ? Bl ilB IN THE CASTING PIT. was”no ordinary workshop. Over in one corner the dim daylight was streaked with flashes of gorgeous color and grimy men worked about blazing pots. It reminded me of- one of the scenes from Irving’s “Faust” —that one in which Mephistopheles takes the wicked doctor on a little underground scouting trip. But there was really nothing super natural about either the pots or the men. The latter were the bellmakers and the blazing pots were the crucibles in which the bell metal was being prepared. There is a certain fascination about an iron furnace, and there is no denying that a stream of molten metal has a sort of savage, terrifying beauty all its own, but boiling copper has far greater charms. When a crucible lid was lifted, a flood of rainbow tinted light streamed up into the semidarkness. Orange, vio let, rose pink and bright green of the most delicate and vivid hues danced above the bubbling metal. It was dis tinctly weird and impressively beauti ful. MONTHLY SUFFERING. *T*houßands of women are troubled at virile? monthly inter vals with pains in the head, back, breasts, shoulders,sides hips and limbs. But they need not suffer. aR| These pains are symptoms of dangerous derangements that can be corrected. The men strual function should operate painlessly. WineW makes menstruation painless, and regular. It puts the deli cate menstrual organs in condi tion to do their work properly. And that stops all this pain. Why will any woman suffer month after month when Wine of Cardui will relieve her? It costs fi.oo at the drug store. Why don’t you get a bottle to-day? For advice, in cases requiring special directions, address, giv ling symptoms, “The Ladies* Advisory Department,” The ' Chattanooga Medicine Co., Chattanooga, Tenn. Ur*. ROZENA LEWIS, of Oenayllle, Texa«. : “Iwhi troubled at monthly Interval* | with terrible paint In my head and beck, K but have bean tntlrely ralitvta by Wins 1 oi Cardui." In spite of frequent denials the popu- J lar notion still survives that more or less silver ip used in making bell metal. As a matter of fact copper and tin are put into the metal pots when a bell is to be made, the alloy being arranged ac cording to the ideas' of the particular smelting master who has charge of the work. Four parts of copper to one of tin is an average ratio, and, although this is modified in a hundred ways, the pro portions are never radically changed. Small quantities of silver are, it is true, sometimes used, but only as a matter of sentiment when contributed by individ uals or societies interested in the bell. The bell founders themselves never buy any silver for such a purpose, and they are amazed at the dense ignorance dis played by people whose first question j. 1 . POLISHING A BIG BELL. about bellmaking is, “How much silver do you put in?” I have reason to know this because that was the gist of my first query. Should silver be used in any large quantity proportionately to the other metals it would not * * sweeten the tone, ’ ’ according to the tradition, but would injure it. Lead is sometimes used in small quantities to soften the tone and silver might answer as a substitute in this case, but it would not do nearly so well as the baser metal. Zinc, which is sometimes added to the copper and tin, lends a shrill, piercing quality to the tone. But it is not so much the -material as the shape and size of the bell which determines its tone. The Chinese make barrel shaped bells, but bellmakers of most, other countries follow approxi mately the rule observed by the German bell founders. According to this rule the thickness of the sound bow, where the clapper strikes the bell, which is the thickest part, shall be taken as a unit. Then the height would be 12 times this, the diameter of the mouth 15 and the diameter of the top just half as much. Thus if the bell were to be a foot thick, at the sound bow it would be 12 feet in height, 15 feet across the mouth and 7 feet through the top. A sym metrical clapper would be one-fortieth the weight of the whole bell. Os course these proportions are not strictly adhered to, for ea.h individual bell founder has his own idea as to how they should be modified. These he guards with as much secrecy as does the designer of a racing yacht his mod el. upon the dimen sions. a full sized section is drawn on paper, and from-th is half section board molds are made whose edges represent the contour of the outer and inner sur faces All big bells are cast in pits dug in the floor of the foundry In the,center of the pit a pile of brickwork is built up, space being left in this for a fire to be built. Over the bricks is laid fire clay until the inside mold, swung on a pivot from the top, shows that it just renreseuts the inside of the bell. This 3 _ —jILZ-JL I s 3 Oj BOUND FOR THE BFT.FHY. is the core. Alter its .su'rlace'has been smoothed and prepared a fire is lighted inside the brickwork and the clay hard ened. The cope, the other half of the mold, is prepared by lining a shell of iron sheeting with fire day molded so that its inside surface corresponds to the out side of the bell. The cope is next low ered into the pit so that the space be tween it and the core is just the size of the bell to be cast. Now the earth is packed tightly around the exterior of the cope and the pit completely filled, an opening having been left, of course, through which the molten alloy can be run. The metal for big bells is never cast in one big furnace, but in several small ones, and the copper and tin are melted separately because nothing would be left of the latter if it should be subjected to the intense heat of the copper cruci bles. “Soup” is the term the founders apply to the bell metal, and it requires a nice judgment to know when the soup is ready for the casting. Little chan nels of clay are laid along the floor, and through these the golden stream finds its way into the mold. Bell casting used to be a perilous business, as the mold sometimes burst and scattered liquid death far and wide. Nowadays, such ac cidents are avoided by the use of the sheet iron covering over the cope, but even with this precaution an explosion is possible. About the ringing of big bells a great deal of poor verse and Dome really beau tiful poetry has been written,-but so far as I know the only poet who baa sung HOME TBIBDNE SUNDAY. NOVEMBER 28, the song of the bell founder was Schiller. Every German schoolboy is supposed to be able tu repeat the whole of “Die Glocke.” It. is rather a Jong poem in which he goes into the details of the work. Whether or not they all really do learn it I don’t know. If they do. they should be a nation of bellmakers, for nothing seems to be omitted. Schiller evidently recognized the danger of the critical point in the operation, for he writes: Let the casting be begun 1 Traced already is' the breach, > , Yet before we let it run Heaven’s protecting aid beseech. Let- the plug now fly! May God’s help be night In the mold all smoking rush. Fire blown billows with fierce gush. Bells of large size must be left to cool for several days in the mold, the larger the bell, the longer the time. But at last the earth is shoveled out of the pit, the iron shell of the cope removed and the clay skin of the mold broken. By means of a ponderous crane the great bell is lifted out of the pit It is then smoothed and polished and hung in the tuning room. If it is part of a chime, its tone must not only be pure, but of such a pitch as to harmonize with the rest. So accurately do bell founders know just what dimensions will produce a certain tone that sometimes a set of a dozen bells come from the molds each with the exact tone needed. These are called “maiden chimes” and are consid ered of much more value than those whose tone must be altered by chipping and planing. As to the technical terms used in de scribing the various parts of a bell, the sharp edge of the open mouth is known as the rim; the spreading part above, where the clapper strikes, the “sound bow; 1 ’ the narrowest part, still higher up, the “waist;” the sudden bend at the top, the “shoulder, ” and the han dles, the “canons.” About the various ways of ringing bells, -about change ringing and the playing of “bob majors” and “triple bob cators” and the like, there is much that is interesting; but, as Kipling says, “that’s another story.” Sewell Ford. Uses of the Lemon, From the Boston Traveler. Juiee of the lemon is one of the bes and safest drinks for any person, wheth er in health or not. It is suitable for all stomach diseases, liver complaints inflamation of the bowels and fevers. Lemon is used intermittent fevers, It will alleviate and finally cure coughs and colds, and heal diseased lungs, if taken hot. Its uses are manifold and the more we employ it internally, the better we shall find ourselves. Lemon juice is anti-febrile, a doctor in Borne is trying it experimentally in malarial fever with great success, and thinks it will in time supersede quinine. MOZLEY’S LEMON ELIXIR Its Wonderful Effect on Liver, Bowels, Kidneys. A pleasant Lemon drink, thnt posi tively cures all billiousness, constipa tion, indigestion, sick and nervous head ache, kidney disease, dizziness, loss of appetite, debility sleeplessness, fevers, chills, pain in tbd back, palpitation of the heart, and ail other diseases caused by disordered liver, stomach and kid neys, the firsa great cause of all fatal diseases 50c and $1 per bottle, sold by druggists. H. Mozlky, M. D. Atlanta. Ga. A Banker Writes. From experience in my family. Dr. H. Moseley’s Lemon Elixir has few if any equals, and no sueeriors in medi cine, for the regulation of the liver stomach and bowels. W, H. Magness, Pres. Nat. Bank. McMinville, Tenn. MOZLEY’S LEMON HOT DROPS. Cures all Coughs, Colds, Hoarseness Sore Throat, Bronchitis, Hemorrhage, and all throat and lung diseases. Ele gant, reliable. Twenty five cents at all druggists. Prepared only by Dr. H. Mozeley, At lanta, Ga. The Farmer’s a haiiksgiving. The earth is blown and skies are gray, And the windy woods are bare, And the first white flakes of the coming snow Are afloat in the frosty air, But the sparks fly up from the hickory log On the homestead’s broad stone hearth, And the windows shake, and the rafters ring. To the lads’ and the lasses’ mirth. The farmer’s face is furrowed and worn, And his locks are thin and Phite, But his hand is steady, his voice is clear, And his eye is blue and bright As he turns to look at his sweet old wife, Who sits in her gown of gray, With the cobweb kerchief and creamy frills She wore on her wedding day. He bows his head to the laden board And the guests they are silent all. “Thanksgiving, Lord, for the sun and rain, And the fruit on the orchard wall. For the silver wheat, pud the golden corn, And the crown of a peaceful life— The greatest blessing that thou canst give— A true and a loving wife!” This white haired lover he bends to kiss Her hand in its frill of lace And the faded rose on her wrinkled cheek With a proud and a courtly grace. And the snowflakes click on the window pant And the rafters ring above, And the angels sing at the gates of God The words of the farmer’s love. —T” To Cure A Cold in One Day Take Laxative Bromo Quinine Tablets, All druggists refund the money if it fails to cure 25c, The genuine has L. B. Q on each tablet. PERFECT Wood | Tho world admire* perJcct Mani Not jourage, dignity, or tour nilsr development alon" out that subtle and wonderful force known a; SEXUAL VITALITY which is the glory vs uanl«< od- the pride 0.. both old <iu<l young, but there ar* thousands of men suffering ‘ho mema) tortures of a manhool, thattereu nerves and failing sexua 1 power who can be cured by our Magical T reatment which may be tax* n at home Joder our directlonn cr we will pay R. R. fare ana hotel bills for those who wish to come here, if we fail to cure. We have no free prescriptions,free cure orC.O.D. fake. Wo have*2so.ooocapita) and guarantee to cure every case we neat or refuua every dollar you* pay us, oi fee may be deposited in any bank to be paid ua When a cure la effected. Write for full particular*, MJL'M KXDICAL Ona***, ITO RE CLOSED OUT AT OHCE’ ’j AT MY STORED W W And see my line of Capes and Jackets and Feather Boas. I have \ \ j// w decided to close out this stock at one. Will put them on the market at prices never before heard of in this city. Come early and make W your selection. (fl $ -Mrs. J. F. WARDLAW. T 0/ 246 BROAD STREET. h\ GOLD FIELDS. New Route to Klondike. How to Reach Alaska. Stop over in Rome and we will show you the Gateway when in untold thousands can be found by calling at G. J. BRI ANT & CO’S THE ARMSTRONG I A £> BRIANT CORNER J DAIXW. The best appointed and moat elegant in Rome, saving 50 per cent on your purchases is the first step to wealth. We are first hands for everything in the Liquor line. We represent the best distilleries and Im porters in America. With an experience of over 30 years, we feel confident we know the wants of the Trade and can supply customers to the very best advantage. Don’t throw away your money before you give usa. rial. • Look <3 LOOK AT THIS LIST! Monogram Bye, Monongahela Murray Hill Club, Clover Club, Old> R- ve ’ Nathan XXXX Rye, Ye’.low Lincoln County 6yrs. Old, Jas. E. Label Whisky. . Peoper & Co, Rve. Nathan’s Old Cabinet, Gold Med- Old Forrester Rye, Watermelon- G oid'wr n T&- Gln . imponea O Family Nectar, Golden Age Gms, Scotch and Irish Whiskey, Ry 1 ’. Canadian Club Whisky, Paul Fannin and Pickens County Com Jones & Go’s Pure Rye. Whiskey, Jas. ennessey’s Brandy. Jno Gibson Sons &Co Rye, Otart Dn P u * Co -’ H Brandy,. fßi 1/ XXXX A me, Green Briar Lincoln G Gimm’s Champaigns. I'J , Wines, Imported and domestic,, y county Whisky. Tobaccos, Cigars, &c, &c. ||l if * Sole agents for the Celebrated Pabst Milwaukee w | Beer, the best .on the market. Largest and Voii most select stock of whiskeys, Brandies, A w | Domestic and imported wines, Ale, Porter, |\\ jI U gin, cigars, tobacco, etc. Bottled and draft beers, Jos. Schlitz & Budweiser bottled beer. H 1 B Corn Whiskey a Specialty. 11l il l ' • We ma^rl a specialty of the Jug Trade, attd all orders by mail Jill IB' or telegraph will have our prompt attention. Special in- vllllll ' ' ducements offered. BRIANT’S CORNER, Bass’ old stand. ROME, GA WONDERFUL MEDICINE FREE! PROMPTLY SENT TO EVERY MAN WHO NEEDS A GENERAL BRACING UP. IT BRINGS PERFECT MANHOOD TO ALL. PHYSICIANS’ INSTITUTE, Os Chicago, 111. GRATUITOUSLY, GLADLY SENT to all men who need It and who will write for It. y A large percentage of the men of today are sadly tn need of the right kind of medical treatment for weakness pecnliar th mon. Many lE* HZ /J cases are due to early vices, others from excesses, while many of the cases are due to overwork, worry and general nervous debility. It matters not, however, what the cause may have been, the fact still remains that they all require proper ft 1 medical attention IMMEDIATELY. . 1 X Write us at once, giving a description of your case, and we will prepare you a course of treatment specially /' 1 \ | adapted for your condition, and Bendit to you ABSOLUTELY FREE, in plain sealed package. We can develop w 11/Al \ \ I every portion and organ of your body, stop ail drains and losses, and restore you to PERFECT MANHOOD. 1 <Vi \V I Failure is impossible with our method. We have thousands of testimonials from all over the world. V vWA ' READ WHAT THESE PATIENTS SAY: V i f <1 Blaxchamd, Was. , Mar 28, 1896. Loth, La., June 19, 1836. Hava.a, N. D., Jan. 29,1896. J, I I I \ rhysicians’ losMole, Chicago: Phyoieiaiuf InMiMc,Chicago: PhysieiaM InMiluU: '■ m 1 \ J I J c .. . a . . . Gxntikmen,— l wish to express my WJfciIBMWiWRHBa fWlMllliM “llift zf DtaaSias,—l have nearly Ilnlahedrny J. Daaa Fanana- Fleas, accept my heartfelt thank. P.r Ibe rwull of my iSa 11 I x/ I I courae of treatment, and And myself a thanks for the krndnp. you have done trea tun-ut During the last two week! MBHHHhBR \ / ] different man. I cannot find words me. Lossea have entirely .toppedland that I took your treatment the improve- SHKHSKMiftBSH \l )l enough to praise and eapreas the deep vigor has returned. lam all OX. I me nt waa remarkable 1 have had no Ke3SbEKBEH HUSS TP I Vfl gratitude 1 feel toward, you Your am better than I have been for If. year. en ,i Ml „n, or other aymptom. .Ince lak- I lif ‘".‘“en* I’tlinply wonderful lam Ido not feel like the ..me man *ll , medicine Myfriend.are.il >pH KR SH IBWWy I fl/A P'rf««y '"ted and »h‘nk you . bun- my friends when they meet me say, su J p ’ r | s ,d at the improvement In my A EMttKSgQfiQ / Ilf I Bred time, and will help you all I pos- -What ha« you been doing/ ver 1 appearance. Hoping that you /I ill BibWcan. May Ood bleu you and your aaw a man come out like you Lay ever prosper. 1 remain, Iff 111 wor *- Tours truly, C. E. P. Ever your friend, MP C. 7 Yours sincerely, ‘' U 1 I //w Hundreds of similar letters are now on file in our business office, and all are bona fide expressions of 1 ' I' L It/ permently cured men. Do not delay writing to us. and remember that we are not only a responsible institu- A 7 } tion in every way, but ours is the largest medical institute in America that makes a specialty of SEXUAL AMD I l I WEBVOUB DTSKASES. Inclose«cents for postage on medicine, which is always plainly sealed. PHYSICIANS* INSTITUTE, 1875 Masonic Temple, CHICAGO, ILL.