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_ vgy I O Ztr RISET I Ttf G. According io previous notice, a respectable, portion ot flip cnzens of Talbot county, attach ed to the Union Democratic Republican Party, assembled at Talbot'on or; the sth inst. when on motion <>f Dr. N. B. Powell, the Hon. Hl R \ XX X R REN was called to lhe C hair and Dr. EDWARD DELOAY. appointed Secre tary. I’he meeting being organized, the Chairman rose, and in a very appropriate and animated address, explained the object of the meeting. As er having concluded his remarks, a motion wa made by James Bell, Esq. that a com mittee of thirteen be appointed to draft a pre amble and resolutions expressive of the views of ibis meeting; whereupon the Chair appoint ed Messrs. N B. Powell, G. W. B. I’owns, James Bell. William Towns James Ma son. George IM. Gullett, James Riley. J. N. ’’irch G. Crittendon, J L. Burks, Jesse Pope, James Leonard, and John Flemming, that omrnit’ee; who, aher having retired a short time, returned, and presented the following, which having been read, Col. G. W. B I’owns rose and, in a very eloquent manner, addressed the meeting in favor of the. course of the administration of President Jack son. and against the odious doctrines of Nulli fication He proceeded to lash the factious com {nation of Nullbs, Nationals, Federalists and Hankites, now formed at Washington City, and working togetherevidently ( r the destruc tion of Hie constitution and the downfall of the government, with deserved severi’v, exposing their glaring inconsistencies and reckless de si” - against the rights and liberties of the people. I’he Preamble and Resolutions which follow, were then put to the sense of the meet ing. separately, and p issed without a dissent ing v ice. AThvre as the people of the several States, by their respective delegates, in Convention as sembled, did, on the seventeenth dav of Sep tember, in ihevear of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty seven, frame and re commend the present Constitution of the Uni ted Sta’es. “ in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, ensure domestic tran qmllt'y, provide for the common defence, pro mote the general welfare, and secure the bles sm s of liberty, t,» themselves and their pos terity” —and whereas the said constitution so framed, and recommended, was referred to the people .>f the several .'States, assembled m Con vention bi their delega'es for their adoption or reje -lion; and the people of the said States, so as-embled m Convention, did ra tfy and ap prove of the same, as containing the fundu men' ll principles oftheir government where upon tne said conslitu’ioii, as well as all laws enacted in pursuance thereof, became binding, and obligatory upon the people of the several Sat by heir own consent, and approbation I ns Constiiiition, it should ever be r- mein bored, was formed,.and adopted, in the spin of compromise, for the general good— each Stall' v inkling a portion of her rights, for the aCi'oih di'htmmi ofthe great object then in vie* ol'establishing a permanent, and efficient rep ibhcan form of Government. The framer* of 'be Constitution, with Wasumgton at their In ad, in the pie t Hide of fbe.r wisdom and ex perience, divided the government ofthe Union into three departments, ihe Legislative, Ex erii ivc, and J nh tai, each department limited i.< the i>< rt’orm nice of the sever .I dat es pre to ii >ed if II is the duty ofthe Lt i lative l>r ii>h ol the Government to m k h< I ws the ilxecuove to see that those laws me tai’h tullv executed—and the J idictal, to interpret and expound wn.ri those laws are. Expert en< e has d •nioiustraied beyond the possibility of i <looh., that in all governments, and among alt iv bz d people, controversies and dispute* will tris *, requiring a common arbiter tod< t r nriii' the s.mie. In the absence of a peaceful u’hi er, r-sort must be had l<» force, the apple ration <f who h, in the very nature o r thmgsi leads directly to revolution I'his evil was foreseen, hv those who framed th- ( onstitn ti m ; •itmce me ee 1 iblishment of the judicial d i»,n t'lH'iii <>f t o G ivernment, which has been prop rlv denominat 'd the “ sheet anchor of Xmern au Ider v ” Bv the Constitution, as II now cxis'-. we have a pracr/i/l arbiter to set th* sin h coutr-ivcrsies and deputes as max arise ui.ilci the ( onsiitufion and laws created iu pmsu.on'e thereof, in lieu ol a forcible one, xv . -n <'ould not exist, xvnh safe y to lhe lib cities ofthe people, ii a republic, being con gemai to such govri nments alone as are xvield ed by the arbitrary poxver of crowned heads, and ' c iron sc>.pire of despon-mi Under the pr -e I Coiisti il'bit) <»t he Untied Slates, the hibiirui people have enjoyed unparallellrd pr >*p ritv boil, in peace and war. Tho r na tion d < i.ir.nter has been exalted, and indeed hi- <mibii mded the admiration of the world. (’.< ,u»-.r•• their present rondi i m with that <•' any other people on the fat e of the globe, ha <"g a regular organized government, and it will he. ai once, discovered they pay less tax e- .nd enjov a crettrr -h ire of human happi ne-s, than anv m <er. l iiat the government i* . o n nuen' t<» protect the people of tne Uni t< d Si i e- in ’he enjoyment of Constitution.,l |ti>■ t' x. c mn"t be fora in unent doubted. Since it tuts be n m successful operation, two at tet ip s have been in.idr 'o destroy the efficacy <»• -a! pea. t-hil arbiter, adopted by the people <>; tin si V- r.il Suites, and embodied m the Con s'.in i hi. known as the Judicial department of the government, by the adoption of physical force m is stead, me ultima ratio of kings, muter t o pretext of re* rtmg to tne reserved rig Is not de ega ed by 'he people of the sex era States l’he first was made during the i lie war. and digested at the Hartford Convn tier.. the other, of more re ent occurrence, iutoim d bv the leading politicians of South < r > n.i. aided bv disiffecled politicians of nth r '•in’es. i hi- latter rojerl Ins been st A unification- These i '**<».< us .iiia' ks upon the < "tntiiution. the gov’ rnn»« nt ha- been able triumphantly to re pel—evmctng to the vxorld Ha aoihty to answer the objects of its creation and adoption. Such imb ed was the signal defeat of nullification, that its advocates in Georgia seem to have disclaimed the name, and to have re baptized themselves the State Rights Parly. Whether 'heir object be still the same as before, and whether ’hev will still co-operate with the nul hfi rs of South Carolina, in attempting to over throw the government of the country, yet re mains m the womb of futurity. Charity to. wards all rational men dictates a different opin ion, but should we unfortunately be mistaken in that regard, can but regret their course, and consider them ill advised, and misguided men. That the government of lhe United Statesis entirely perfect, no one will pretend to assert. Perfection belongs to D> ity alone; but that it is as perfect and as well adapted to the condi tion ol ihe American people, as human wisdom could invent or experience suggest, is most confidently believed. Entertaining these views in relation to the Constitution and Government of our common country, 1. Re it therefore resolved, That we, the cit izens of Talbot county, are firmly and devoted ly attached to the Constitution of lhe United States, and to the best of our power and abili ty, will support the same, and each department thereof. 2. Resolved That we yield to none (how ever specious their pretensions may be) in our attachment to the legitimate rights of the States; and hence our strong desire Io support the Constitution of the United States, which gurantees to each State a republican form of government. ( 3. Resolved, That we will use every honor-i able exertion to sustain ’he government of the ’ United States in maintaining the supremacy of the Constitution, and the laws enacted in pur suance thereof, against the assaults of factious partisans, acting under the garb of nullification,' “ State Rights Party,” er any other attractive name. 4 Resolved, That all political associations and combinations formed to embarrass the ! government and control the people, are at all times dangerous tn constitutional liberty, and . deserve the marked disapprobation of the American people. ' 5. Resolved, That in our deportment toward our political adversaries, we will be respectful, choosing rather to rely upon the principles which we profess to maintain for the success •of ourcau-e, than upon the application of such eant names as consolidattonist, federalist, sub til ssiomsts, &c. 6 Resolved, That we have entire confidence in the patriotism and mteg-ity of the Ptesident ofthe Umted States whose unalterable deter mination to preserve the “ Federal Union” 'against domestic violence, deserves the admi ration ofthe friends of rational liberty through out the world. 7. Resolved, That we highly approve of the course pursued bv our Senators Messrs For syth, King, and our Representatives Messrs. Wayne, Schley, C>flee, Jones and Gilmer, in sustaining the administration on the deposite question * 8. Resolved, That we regard with equal ! abhorrence anv and every thing like Federal | usurp tion a*d separate Seate action tn deter mining (in all cases) its own mode and meas ure of redress, and that we hold ourselves Hike reidy, by all legal and constitutional means, to repel the one and re-ist the other. On motion it was resolved by this meting, i’hat all ihe gaze ten in the State, advocating the cause of the Union Part-, be requested to give publicity to the foregoing proceedings ; On motion of Di. P well, tw s resolved, ! Teat this meeting return thanks to the Chair man and Se< r t *rv. Aud the meeit g adjourned, IIIR \ M W XRN ER, Chairman, Edward Delony, Secretary. ! * the Chairman begged leave to dissent from this re- ' s 111111011, so far ae the removal ofthe depositea are con cerned MR. CLAYS DESPERATION. Is Mr ( lay tnfur.atcd? Is he inbituated? When <m Monday last, he invoked ihe power ofthe Senate, and called upon them to stand in the breach, and especially exclaimed, “In the first place, to preserve untarnished and unsuspected the purity of Congres, let us neg ative the nomination of every member for any ofii e, high or b>w, foreign or domestic, until tne authority of the Constitution and laws is fudy restored.”—ln other wor Is, negative su<-n nominations, until the. Dtposites are re stored and perhaps th? riank re-cnartered— Did Mr- < lav retuem er wh it was due to the i Cons ituticm, to 'he great interests of the coun try? or, did hr recollect some ofthe memura • ble acts of his own remarkable lite? I Giant that no min.istertal office- ought to be filled out ofthe member* of Congress, and we j would cordially concur in ’he sentiment; does it itier-tore follow, that ofii es winch require ! the highest guide ot talent (as Cabinet ap : pmtments, foreign missions, and Judges of I the Supreme Cour’,) ought no’ tube permitted I to have the w dest range of selection? ■ Rfsid s, will-he Senate thus undertake by an arbitrary rule ot its own. to amend, as it i were. Hie Constitution, and to restrict h<- Pre sidon (by su< h i junto, too, as now lords it o iver Xetiice) as to his constitutional rights and dunes? And besides, does Mr. Clay forget bis own appointments?—He of all men living, to talk of ‘ Par y ’ and Party inflseores —He to de clare against nominations of members of (’on ; grass, who, while he w isnn hr Chair »»f the H. ot K., not only placed J Q. X in the Pre sidential Chair bv ’he mo« mvsterious and a bommable man agement, bn afterwards took under him the big ?sf offi »• m his Cabinet He. too, who has been nccup ed f >r so much lof his life, ave md i* this moment working ihe wires of party, to talk of the purity of other, politicians—He, who has clutched two high! tfi c*. while a representative of H»» People | ; to talk, of protesting aud of rejecting a.l nurnm- ! ations of members of Congress. This is too bad. It only-diows how desperate a man of great talents and greater ambition can become -and into what a reckless demagogue a man may decend, who might have become the dis tinguished benefactor of Ins . ountry. recorder VXD KiPY 51. COOB <fc yj. H, GATHRIGWV, Editors. GEO IWIATr 3, 1834. Be are authorised to say that a of theT NTOIV AIVB STATF RTfiUUVS ru> of I utnpkin County, will be held at lohue-a, on the Ist Tuesday in June next. The Trails. Me have had, no Milledgeville paners for three weeks We however, received vesterdav, <he stand ard of Union, which was published on the 2nd dav.,fi last month 'Hiere is something wrong with some P. mJ on the Milledgeville rente AU packages for Hall, Lumpkin, & Gilmer, should be sent by Athens. Augusta Bank. From a l we can learn, in relation tn the renort that, this Bank bad suspended payment, it see ns that it is about to turn on! to be a malicious fabrication, put nn foot by a traveller who passed through our village a few days since. The object of this fab ica’ion is un known to us. Be it what it may, the Bank, nor the holders of its bills, cannot sustain anv material injury from it, for the fiscal concerns of no similar institution in the State, we are confident, have ever been better managed than this. —-30?- Tlie PresidentN Protest. XX’e perceive from the proceedings of Congress, that the President transmitted to the Sena'e on the tC’h ”'t. his protest to the resolu’ion offered bv Mr. Clay and passed by the Senate, which was in the following words: “ Resolve I, that the President in the late Ex ecutive proceedings, in relation to the public revenue, has assumed upon himself authority and power not confered by the c nstitution and laws, but m deroga tion of both.” Th» protest having h< en read, Mr. I oindexter, moved that it he not received. I pon this motion, a debate took place, in which Messrs. Poindexter. Sprague, Frelinghuvsen, Benton, Southard, King, o*-Alabama, and Le I£ h, participated. 1 he speeches of the Ntillifiers & Bank men opnosed to the reception ofthis paper, are fraught with more vindictiveness, than is usual. We desian publishing this document, in order that our readers may judae f>r themselves, wheth r the President merits the invec tive? so lavishly heaped upon him. The TTurray County If seems that the Nulli 'ers have soiz-d upon the proceedings of th Murray meeting, with ;«i avidity, peculiar to their sen itiveness. and are di po— ed to attach to *!r-m. m->r- importance, thanthe more sober thinking part of the community might imagine. Soin- of the Nullifying State Ri hts advocates »re so very charitable that, they seen; disposed to divide what they concieve to be highly culpable in these pro reedings, and throw a part of it upon the I nion and State Rights Party \X r e have frequently heard if gravely asked why the Union and tate flights Party did not interpose it» influence, to ward off' th- danger ous consequences, which th. y conceive, must neces sai ily result from these pro< eedings, XX’e do not con' sider that the Union party has au y right to interfere in any way. with the Controversy between the eon* tending parties of array county for the Cleik»bip These individuals are entirely competent to take care ofthemselv. s Should they in th extreme excite ni -nt among themselves go beyond the limits of prudence, let their acts and motives be judged by the proper tribunals. Tooth I’otvdcrN. We have used some of Mr. 1). ’’ IT.DS’ Com pound Tooth Powders, a pr< paration, be i . ..rm- us. purely his own, and fi -d them to answer a valuable purpose in removi ig the tartar from the lee’ti, and pro ducing a hite polish. The admin rs ofwhi’e teeth, would do well to examine for themselves. From the Southern Hanner. Rrooklyn, April 14//i 1834 Messrs Editors, —In yotir paper 'it the Bth ultimo. I <ee a cominuni< ation over ’he surna tine of " I pole Fed,’’ inviting an hone<t, fair and decorous discussion, by a union man and a nullifier, ofthe reasons why it is that two parties professing doctrines diam*»rn ally op po-ite, should both cl iim Hie illustrious names of XX ashington and .It ffersnn as authority he which to prove ea< h their <w. d<>< trine*. H« savs it is an enigma to him winch be earm ’ solve, and yet “ Uncle Fed” -ay- he i«- both a union man and a nullifier. 'I 10-. indeed, is no? the first time I have heard of nulbfi- rs in part and union men in part, but it alway- was with me an idea perfectly inconceivable. How, I would ask. can an individual anv reore than parties, at on? and die cam- time bold to opin ions and prm* iples as opposite as the n idir and the zenith? “Uncle Fed.” perhap*, alone can make 'he solution of this difli ultv. Bot to me the reason win the two pann - in Georgia siionld both claim lhe iirim s «J XX'ashington and Jt fiersoo as an'h'irity to j <-ve th»ir doctrine* by. i* quite obvious and -ati facti-rv; for if any man or pary of m<m wen discard openly and avowedly the <»pit inns h< d doctrines of "'ashington and J. fl' rson, r would be to that man or party of tneu h» In r aid ot his or its own pul Heal desir irtnm | n askmg th? que-’ion before alluded t , “ U ch- Fed” m°an* more, perhaps, than one a' fi -' view might suppose. He means th.<t be U; h- Fed) tts 'he authority of those n .o-ir- » u - side, while he who holds a col..ary opinion, has the high authority of those illustrious names arrayed against him. Now, “ Uncle Fed” says that that moment Congre-s shall extend its legislation to the field of doubtful powers, that moment a State has the right to nullify, and that in anv wav she m her sovereign capacity tnav direct. Now this, if 1 am not mistaken, is neither more nor less than nullification, for it presupposes each ol the States of ibis Union to be a perfe t and tindiminished sovereignly, and that as sover eigns the States have the right to judge, each for itself, of any alleged violation of the con stitution, as well as of its own mode and mea sure of redress. On presenting the conslitu lion to Congress, then sitting under the old confederation, what does Washington sav ? He says that “it is obviously impracticable tn the fedeial government of these States, to se cure all the rights of independent sovereignty to each, and yet provide for the interest and safety of all.” And what says Mr. Jefferson? Hesavs, that absolute acquiesence in the will ofthe majority is the vital principle of repub lic, from which there is no appeal lu t that of ton e, the immediate parent of despotism—no the majority of any particular ‘Hate, but tht major ity of the people ofthe Untied States. Does language like this sustain the positions “ Uncle Fed” has assumed ? I think not. The result of Uncle Fed’s opinions is, that what a State chooses to say exceeds the powers of Congress, she may nullity in any way she may think proper; and as she is ttvdetermine wheth er her rights have been violated—what is the extent of the injuries done her—what mode aud measure of redress her wrongs may make it fit and expedient for her to adopt—the suf feting State mayproceed to indemnify herself by withdrawing from the union and forming a foreign alliance; bv cruising against the prop erty ot the other States of the union, author izing captures and making open war. The other States, with an eye to their own safety, would bv the laws of self defence have the right to break up any allegiance so formed, and by all the means in their power comoel the se ceding member to return to the union. Here we would have, upon Unde Fed’s theory, the -td spectacle of a government at war with its parts. This was precisely our situation under Hie old confederation. Congress could make req lisi’ions upon the States—the States refus ed compliance—what was to be done? There was tio resort but that of force. i’he conse quence was an abandonment of the articles of the confederation for the, present constitution. Fins constitution was adopted by the conven tion assembled at Philadelphia; was submitted to the old congress then in session; and was af'erwai ds submitted to conventions ofthe peo ple of all the Slates. These conventions did ratify the constitution—they did not, as Mr. ’ alhoun would have us believe, accede. Io a compact, but they ratified and adopted a con tit turn or form of government—a fundamen tal law. ’I ins constitution does contain am ple provisions both for its amendment and pre s< i v.ttion; it declares that new Stales may ' imc into the union, but does not say that old ones m ty go out—(ts principal object is to es tablish a union among the people of all the States which shall last throughout all time; for it says in its very pre imiile, that “ we the peo ple ol the United States, in order to form a more perfect union,” &c. “do ordain and es tablish tliis constitution.” ft has created a supreme j idicial tribunal; it has created a le gi-latiite ol its own. I’he Supreme ’ ourt has final • nd appellant jurisdiction of all cases in taw and equity arising under the constituiiom In case- not assuming ihe character of a law s o', in those political questions which termi nate w ith the legislation of Congress, congress must determine upon the extent and interpre tation of its own powers; it must, like other representative bodies, tie trusted with this pow er. Ttris rub- results from til? nlnntliiie ne cessity ofthe case. Can any man give a sen sml? reason how congress is to make all laws which ar»i necessary to carry into effect any of the delegated powers, without judging at the same time of ttie extent ofthose powers ? What powers are not delegated arc reserved to lhe >tat» s respectively, or to t! e people. In all exua-irdmary cases the ultimate arbiter is the people of the Union assembled in convention, at th call of congress or of two thirds u; the States. But, says “ Utu le Fed,” to suppose lhe ex istence of a maturity in this case, that is, tn a controversy between a S ale and the federal government, is sounding 'he knell of Slate rights; for we would have at once a consolida ted government. What precise meaning does “ Unc e Fed” attach to the term consolidation ? ev-ry Hii g consolidation which is not nul lification? Does * Uncle Fed” mean to say tba' <mr- is not to some extent a consolidated government ? Wuat, I again ask, is consoli dau n? vX alkerdefines it to be the act ot uuiimg into a solid mass. Washington tells u- mi presenting the constitution to Congress, “Ju all our deliberations on this subject, we Lave steadily kept in view 'hat which appeared to us the greatest interest of every Irtle Amer ican— the consol da’ion ofour union—in which is involved «>ur prosperity, felicity, safety, per haps oor national existence.” Here, then, we h ive the authority of the great Washington imn-elt to establish the fici that ours is to some extent, aud tursorne purpo es, a con.sol idaied government, lhe people ol the Unued >ta'es are >me in making war; therefore in this re- pec ours is a consolidated government, i iiey are one in making peace ; therefore in this respect our- is a consolidated government, i l ev are <>ne m the regulation of comuie ce; in tins pirn .oar, therefore, ours is a cmsoli dai- d government. In the ex» rcise of any or all the di-l< gated p overs they are one people; thm-u’r . to the extent of the delegated pow ers ours mast be a cons<»hda'ed government. I lie very object of (be framers ofthe constitu tion i the-e particular?, -ax to make us one p- <>! !e. ar d they accomplished their object. 1 Le.-e. a any rate, are tnv pinion* Il wroig, 1 yield them to correction; if right, 1 wish them to aecompanv me to m y grave; and <><»t only so, bur I wish my offspring to receive and cherish th» m as the richest inheritance a loud parent could bestow. f ri short. tn v polit- - leal creed is, that, our union is the mam pillar in the edifice of our real independence. It is that which in my estimation is above and be yond every other consideration. I behevefhat nullification, if carried out. will most assiiredly and to all intents and purposes, destroy our union ; ami I believe further, that th'* terv ob ject and de.sig i of the leading nullifinrs both in Carolina and Georgia, are the destruction of this federal union ; and that the motives which impel them on in 'heir mad career, have their origin in ambition corrupting ambition—that sin by which the angels fell. If their object be not what I have stated if to be, whv is it that they endeavour to get lhe people to un derrate lhe value of the union, by saving, (some of them at least.) that thev have no ardent at tachment to the Union ofthe States, that they would regard the constitution a* a rope ofsand, &c. &c. I do sincerely hope that they will fail in accomplishing their object Wi-h my whole heart 1 desire that God in his m?rcv may avert from our free and haptiv la id, the long dark night which now threatens to overshad ow it. I have now said what I intended in replv to “ Uncle Fed.” not with a view to take the field of controversy —I am not able. After this vou shall hear from me n A Clark Unionist of \Jadison County. From the Standard of Union. “Just as the twig is bent, the tree’s inclined.” Origin of parties in the United States.- Since the formation of th? American confed eracy, the trip* line of demarcation between the contending parties existing in i’s bosom, has never been so strongly drawn, as at the present time. The violent contentions that arose between the Federalists and the Repub licans in the da vs of Jefferson and >f Madison, hear no comparison with the furious conflicts of our day. The adoption of the Federal Constitution was nut effected without much and bitter struggling; and left in each Slate u vanquished, discontented minority. The am bition of men had been sharpened bv the spir it stirring scenes of lhe Revolution just closed* —and each one began to look oir for secur ing to himself that portion of aggrandizement he judged due to b’s merit and services; and which the new order of things rendered cer tain should be enjoyed bv some. Many of these schemes were nipped in thp b d bv the confirmation of a system that concon'rated the sovereignty and strength of rhe States, and diminished the number of spheres in whi ,- h ambition sought tn revolve. From the dis satisfaction produced bv 'hes? things, it would almost seem as if the patriots nf that day had embarked in the revolutionary experiment without bestowing a thought upon the fuiure F or contriving any system as a substitute for the one they were about throwing off. To break the shackles of Britinn seemed the only object—leaving to circumstances the adjust ment of after difficulties. Liberty being obtained, the next considera tion was, how to secure it. The weakness, and exhausted condition of each community or State, made it plain that in a state of sep arate existence, or “sovereignty” liberty co Id n>t long be preserved It was obvrnos that 'he blood and treasure si ent in accomolishinff deliv rance from fore'gn bondage, would only Lave secured to the colonies the right of e recting a despotism among themselves.—The experience of al* ages, and countries, moved that independent sovereignties divided from each other bv casual ideal lines, could nut al ways remain in amitv—■& the relative strength f tfie State* demonstrated that conquest must result from war. The less r states would speechiv n? nm« me mremuHHt- a, powerful. To preserve the independence of each in its collective capacity, as well as to secure the liberty of 'he citizen, our confed erate system was devised—and the Union of the Status became an object of paramount im portance with the wisest and most patriotic sta'esmnn of that period Experience had proved the incompetency of such a confederacy as was formed in the hurry and exigency of the revol lion, to pro vide effectual securities for the transmission of liberty to posterity. A simple/eagtie between mdependant States did not possess those at tributes of government necessary for t*<»»i pur pose. Communicating only in their sovereign capacity, and preserving the formula incident to that condition, the parties were too distant and too distant from each other to co-operate with that in'imate cordialit v called for by lhe identity of interests that attracted them to each other. To rem?dv all defects, a constitution was framed expressly to establish “a more perfect Union.” One of the distinguished features of this new arrangement, consisted in the power given to the general government to e act laws that should operate directly upon individuals—whereas under'he old confeder acy Congress possessed no such right. It could merely recommend whatever tnea-tires were judged necessary for the common weal, leaving it optional with the individual stales to confirm or not. The settlement of this form of government for l he emancipated colonies, was thn origin of Hie two great parties that divide the coun try. As ha« been already stated, the actors in the revolutionary drama, could not have ex tended ’heir views beyond its consumation, for fear ol creating discord in their own ranks. That object being achieved, a multitude of 'hoortes for future government, w ere advanced and supported according as the opinions or in tera.sts of men influenced them. There were m>t wanting men of talent-and influence who advocated the formation of each state into a separate, distinct, and independent nation, ex ercising all the attributes of onlimited sover eignty claimed by communities in that capaci ty; & bearing to the rest no other relation inan ihoso prescribed by the rules of iDtcr-nutton-