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Science 1 A new due to today's global warming? Massive CO 2 rise after ice age is tracked to ocean changes. BY JOHN K. BORCHARDT Massive releases of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere at the end of the last ice age might help us to better understand and control today’s global warming. New research indicates that huge amounts of built-up CO 2 deep in the ocean were released in two pulses, 18,000 years and 13,000 years ago. The 600 billion-plus metric tons of CO 2 re leased then is similar to the increased amount in the atmosphere over the last 200 years caused by human activities. A PREHISTORIC PROBLEM. Evidence of this CO 2 release came from ancient shells of tiny marine animals called foramini fera. Researchers from the University of Colorado at Boulder, Columbia Uni versity and Kent State University ana- lyzed shells in ocean floor sediment col lected near Baja California, Mexico. WHAT CAUSED IT? Most likely, melting of northern ice sheets weakened the deep cold-water currents flowing from the north Atlantic to the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica “The Southern Ocean is the only place on Earth where really deep upwelling of ocean water occurs,” says University of Colorado’s Thomas Marchitto, who led the research. As the water reached the sea surface, the CO 2 escaped, similar to how CO 1 leaves an open can of soda, thus causing the soda to go “flat” WHAT HAPPENED TO THE CO 2 ? A lot of the released CO 2 was taken up by new forests growing in locations previously covered by ice sheets. However, enough of it remained in the atmosphere to in crease CO 2 levels significantly and affect the world’s climate, ca USA WEEKEND • Sept. 21-23,2007 CO 2 levels are higher today than they have been at any time in the past 650,000 years because of increased fossil fuel burning. 15 Cholesterol: Behold the face of your enemy. Here’s how he does it. Quaker Oatmeal isn’t just a cholesterol-free food. Three grams of soluble fiber daily from oatmeal may actually help reduce heart disease risk as part of a heart healthy diet* That’s because oatmeal is a nutritious whole grain food that goes in and helps soak up cholesterol, actually removing some of it from your body. And it does it in a very tasty way. It’s hardworking. Quaker Oatmeal contains soluble fiber that binds with cholesterol, a substance that can clog arteries and lead to heart disease. Your '.•'ry "*^**4^f* bloodstream can’t absorb all the cholesterol and so some of it is removed from your body. Your overall number could drop. ■ Linda, 62 My cholesterol level was worrying my husband. So 1 took the Smart Heart Challenge. For 30 days 1 exercised and ate Quaker Oatmeal. It helped lower mv cholesterol. No one's happier about that than my man! Try it for yourself. For more information on the Quaker Smart Heart Challenge, call 1-800-770-4091 or visit www.quakeroatmeal.com V - M Sr jki (W K \ >1 luuu-ihT ■ TP I I ■ •Diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol. Per serving, Quaker Old Fashioned provides 2g of soluble fiber; Quaker Instant and Quaker Oatmeal to Go bars each provide lg. every day should be this good