Newspaper Page Text
PAGE SIX
CLEAR LOGIC IN
QUR REASONING
.. % TAMPA ROBINS :
By Bennie Ruth Digby f
The robin laughed in the orange tree
“gfo_.‘-g’i_pdy ‘North, a fig for thee; |
While breasts are red and wings are
" bold l
An:d-sgrecn trees wave as globes of
©gold, !
Time's scythe shall reap but bliss for,
. me— !
Sfinllgfit, song, and the orange-tree. E
$. |
Tl gouth with the sun, and keep my
clime; ’
My wing is king of the summer time;
Mg breast to the sun his torch shall
hold; . |
And I'll call down through the green
and gold: !
Time, take thy scythe, reap bliss for
me, !
Bestir thee under the orange-tree”
Ayl —SIDNEY LANIER'
T}‘E RELATION OF CHEMISTRY
1174} THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
'y.... GLASS INDUSTRY
* -Fellowing paper written by Lillian
Williamson was one of the six first
; 'N?‘:es in the State Chemistry Con--
~,,.ipwe really know what we mean
#hen we -say chemistry? Glass? So
o‘fjlhl"hbémakc-tbis esspy clear to every
an‘eut will first explain these two
‘Mm By chemistry we: mean, the
Yintroatomic or intramolecar
changes which material things under
g6, uhder various influences, that is
Ythe ehhbhges which ‘modify or alter
" the physical properties of matter.
By glags, we mean an amorphous,
tfansparent or translucent mixture
“of' silicates, one of which is always
that of an alkali. These are the defi
nitions. which are given by the
.Sifan‘dm'd Dictionary. Thus we see
thg‘ti glass is made up of chemicals.
.In many of its aspects chemistry
~ig__ a. war-born science, though its
: ;‘ggts go back through the ages, for
we have had chemistry of sorts, for
~cenerations. But when _ chemistry
i3dad ta the development of the glass
‘dndustry, it lead to the development
of oheof the greatbst inductries of
sthe world. bt ol
il gaday there are = hundreds of
‘wlags factories, hoth in Kurope and
America, and yet when we ‘think of
vupérior. glass, we always think of
that ‘which' i manufactured in Eu
mope,, Have you ever wondered why’
o, you realize that the difference
As .ot in the quality of sand or ma
chinbry, not is it in a magic art, but
‘this difefrence lies in the simple
Jaws of chemistry? In all of our fac
tories of America, there are only
‘about five chemists wha know the
hn of making glass, where as in
'#Jf\firopc' every factory has its chem--
i_sfffi.__Lc'_l us now see why the chem
jsts are a necessity.
“"“There are along the natural gas
Hetts, -operating today, a million or
mork: . factories, sucking up clean
&fogdy power of gas, so as to store
upisand and lime and soda into
ai&,flé. the making of which is morse
comiplicated than the making of iron
or steel. They make yearly 8,000,000
qu*!‘md likewise of window glass
l’_”]g;dh({lf glass of which pitchers and
gi);x:é}‘s:'wé‘u?#(‘}: and other garments
la;:'qlfi,pxk;_«%q{ which are utilized by the
Ai&(}ti‘.‘;an people. This industry is
very great. because in the carliest
‘tfa.{':%».of chemistry, the chief chemi
’t;m ‘ch\)_f;agions were those of pro
dm:iufi the metals from their ores,
waking glasses, and enamels. thus we
;00 its preat importance in relation
‘ to.chemistry, above all it is very use
ful, and at the same time, it is very
interesting.
The industry may be interpreted
two_ways, mechanically it is very
wonderful. There are large furnaces, |
vsed in glass making such as the;
common pot furnace, the Boetuis
furnace, which are filled with,
sgréams of molten glass, that are
started by a small candle. then al
kerosene lamp, and so on by degrees |
up.t9 glowing heat that must be,
reached while they live. Then theve .
is: the machinery for pressing the 1
glass, and then the machinery that |
with ceaseless noise, which makes {
;lhe glass, into numberless objeets
“#nd then the objects pass through |
?:grs" into a packing room al the
temperature of the air. Then the
mixing machines, and then the art
which: applied to the glass picks up
the glass, and blows 1t into the form
of a bottle, and then drops it into
3 vecievoir, the the rate of ten a
\mfl"q. this is the greatest ma
chine known, and is called the
“Owen Bottle Machine."
The wonderful thing about this in
&éry is that when mechanical lines
qre -considored, that the American
La Petite Dispaich
glass manufacturer has nothing to
learn from men of foreign race. But
it is far from being only mechanical,
it is a problem that is chemical.
The. primary materials for glass
making are Sand, lime, or leald ox
ide, or baryta, sodium carbonate, or
potassium carbonate, or sodium sul
phate. With these are mixed in pro
portions the oxides of metals as also
other substances such as borates
phophates, nitrates, carbon and other
materials. The, formulaes for glass
mixtures very much in the different
factories, because the materials are
of different degrees of purity, but
yet in each is a mixture of chemical
products. |
Even the least little change in the
amount of substance will make a
large difference in the I‘('f<ultin_'r:
product, and yet there are not five
real chemists engaged in the manu»!
facture of American gla:s, |
It is peculiar to know though, lhul:
{the story of American glass manu
facture is a story of confusion and
waste. But it iz encouraging to know
(hat the prevention of waste in the
glazs industry is being altered by
' themists today, and is probably as
important as the discovery of ways
of synthenzing the things that com
mand good markets. 1
. First there is a case. of iron in
glags, it can entér the glass through
sand. lime, or soda, the greatest r::u't,
onters throygh the sand and more
than on percent of iron in tha sand,
‘i‘Oll(j(tl'S‘ it unusuable for the manu-- .‘
facture of colorless glass; if the iron'
impurity is present in the errous
state it colors the glass green; if in
'fer'rie, yvellow. Oxidizing agents arc:
uged to make the glass colorless, the
oxidizing agents used are nitre or
manganese peroxide. But if too much
oxidizing agent is used it colors the,
glass violetl, thus with every new SUD~:
ply the quality added must be I'ead-:
justed, if not violet will result from,
. too much and green from too little. :
. 'Lime -is used in large quan .itia:»:,!
much. used is made. by burniig; of
“dolimite, a calcuim ",’flagq{ggiu,&&sur.
,‘bonate. If the is impure i’ calinge
f 4 2 : e ® ¢ '
o e t; . § 3 & \‘_ T .
£8 alehn 1 ; BT v & ‘
ONLY $4.95
e ® :
b | April 16¢h to May 15th is Elec
-7 A M o 0 A .n.w.) " o via ey s o e
AN tric Percolator month and dui
ey A g that time we 'wi
=27 ) |
| e ALLOW YOU
T i
BRI e
= FOR YOUR O
- IJD
This s the famous Ilold
Heat Pereolator with .”“' COFFEE POT on the purchase
WO vealr guhrapiee, price ¢ lactet ]
0L ally ©electrlc Dercoiatol we
$5195 1 b 4 . by
HAYE 11 ol siore,
We have a large assortment of different types of percolators at
prices which will prove interesting.
~Come n and see these pereolators or phoue 101 and have our
salesman call and explain this offer to yvou,
: | :
South Georgia Power Co
/ ; @
H. W. Patterson, Mgr. E. C. Taylor, Local Mgr.
white stony coneretions, and the bot-?
tles blown from it are useless, also,
2 heavy unneceszary expense ‘to the'
manufadturers, Such sources of
trouble, *when r:mdq{, are found by
chemists. Then new lime has to i)ei
bought. This it is necessary to ana-;
lize all raw materials, as well as’
test them, before. using them, and al
so make frequent tests’ while the ma
terial is in process. In this way, not
only the use of impurz matewal:
are prevented, and a larse amoun!
of waste saved, but ficiln {ime t¢
time, valuable discoveries are made
in this most interesting and quit:
useful branch of manufacture. Mzay
of the ingredients used in the mak--
ing of glass for a special purpose
are not erude materials, but are the
result of chmical processes, or af
combination of chemical and me-l
chanical processes, the same as glass-
Plate glass is usually a soda-lime
elass, and is used for windows an(l"
mirvors. It is always blown. Thej
wav the factories make colored glass
as for church windows is by the ad
dition of =mall quantities of gold or
cuprous oxide into glags, The mak--'
ing of glasg ;8 real chemistry, and.
vet today, -;,‘x_lh_-].;;\x(gc:- factories, when'
problems, that seem unsolveable,
come up, the manufacturers go at
once to a chemist, and the chemist
by.‘u'czh oTormulaes aml‘ different,
1;1“&:1:%% is !“,dfiau go dolve the' pmb-}
.](,)'l'l.' The innéce'fitt manufacturer is,
“unable to know the difference l)o-i
tween ‘“ous” and “is” and thus,
makes terrible mistakes, but natm‘n]-:
ly a good chemist questioned, re:|
adjusts the materials, and solves:
their problems. Thus it would be 9
gocd investment to employ at least
one chemist in a lavge factroy. 7
Anothcr substance used is white
arsenic, arsenious oxide ( A S O.)?
but lately there hag been a g'rea‘(j
cispute among chemists as to v.'heth-i
er or not any of it remains in the
resulting cldss. Some ‘say that it 18,
entirely vaporized, others that it is
oxidized in the non-volatile “ic” con
dition, and thus remains. But no one:
= : THE CORDELE DISPATCH
-
is able to say as to what it is good
for, and for why it is used.
Some ‘interesting - attempts have
been made im trying to improse giocs
making. Some have omitted ma
terials that should be used, others
added more materials, much of the
cutglass of today is caused from
such mixing. Though the addition of
lead oxide to glass increased its
brilliancy and refractivity. Much
lead oxide is added making beautiful
cutglass which after a year or so is
blrred, tarnished and ruined. Thus
the buyer should inquire and like to
know of just the material put intc
costly cut glass. ‘Many tinies, when
troubles are found in a glass factory,
the soda manufacturers is blamed
and he has to solve the problem.
It has been said that two <{ur
naces may be had, side by side ani
one will make good glass, and the
other. bad,.thus the trouble is that
the art of glass making is mysterious
and must be understood.
We now'turn from the ‘\m(*!i(':xi‘lj
manufacturer to’ the scientific glass
manufacturer “aeross the water.” It
is an interesting fact to know that
the ~lass factorvies have the guid
ance of scientific knowledge in carry
ing. on.it¥ every day affairs, and also
it has the protection of that know
ledge against surprise attacks ‘hy
competitors at home and Eabro\ad
who emrloy science in everything
they do. In Jena we find a- glass
factory which makes elassesisuccess
iul with ,real knowledge. They: also
publish their results and methods. A
glass which is used to make beer
bottled and fruit jars is of «mall use
when applies to optical instruments.
The very original of seientific glazs
was when 1}1_9":1"!):12;51\1 to realize that
in;mrovcmélnts cf telescopes, micro--
scopes, cameras ete,, depended upon
it, on account of the demands of
science. many learned men, among
them ‘Schott aitd Abbe at Jena, en
tered in’uo_xt?‘_;;horoug'h investigation
of glass s 6 a% to correlate all its op
tical, mechatiieal, thermal andechemi
cal properties with the properties of
its' constituents in order&._tfigt' by al-
ART IN OUR
EXPRESSION
teiing the comrosition of the g]ass}
they mizht know before hand, and
beyond peradventure its resulting;
properties. At the time, there were
only five glass forming oxides,l
whose optical cffects were !mov.‘n,!
they added to these ahout twenty
rine more, and also discoversd many
new things about glass making, !
The best glass for the highest op-'
tical purposes is subject to cloudi--
ness. Crystalization and bubbles.
Some times it is tarnishable Ly th
air. In discovering means to produce
new glasses possessed of the finest
optical properties and yet free from
weakness, a certain firm forwarded
of astronomy, rhysics and biology.
Not only did the company stop at
this finding and production of glass
for optical parposes, but soon nro--
duced good, special glasses for sie
cial purposes. But the greatc:t dis
covery in the glass-indusi;'y of re
cent years, has been the discovery of
¢inbreakable glass, yhich was fivrst
made for airplane winshields, but is
now being fitted to automobile wind
shields, watch ecrystals, and protec
tive lenses,
Gilazs has no melting point, but
softens upon heating, and is used
for many chemical pruposes. By the
e . @ 0 o e |& N
. e ' 4 Ph H G {9
<<y oo™ sl s | .8 i oma L
ey L .-m.-.__*.m__*f.__.-~__*____~___.__a=_*_ii.:~¢%;,:;“"_____.
Ty yiping 2nanis) ‘ 7 . 52 8 T ]
; ahiiiiie G & : ; L BN
e 5 HAST APPROACHING:: | > f
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ooy AN : :
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HEADQUARTERS FOR EVERYTHING TO WEAR
leaton’s }e t tore;
v . .
123-125 ELEVENTH AVENUE CORDELE, GEORGIA
heat conductivity of glass,.they are
able to calculate” its correct value
the power to do so has resulted in
several important applications, From,
such facts the manufacture of water
gauge tubes for steam boilers, which
satisfies in a high degree the require
nmrents of practice has resuliod. |
There are alsc epecially con
‘structed glaszes of a high eo-efficient
of thermal endurance applicatle to
the manufacture of flaske, breaker:
and evaporating dishes, for {he
chemists. also lamp chimnevs for
protection of incandescent gas lighte
These are very valuable to us.
It is interesting for us to know
that the cause of the makinz of Lhr
instrument the ‘“ultra-microscope”
was because Zengsmondy, wanted to
know the cause of the color ¢f rihy
glass. By this instrument © ‘thoy
found out that it was because of the
gold put in the glass. This instru
ment was made because of the one
thing, that men were interested
greatly in the nature of glass.
Thus we see the difference be--
tween the domestie. and .foreign
manufacture of glass, and also the
difference between the crude and
wasteful methods of ;the glass ind'us-;
try carried on along traditional'lines)
SUNDAY, APRIL 11, 1926
and that some through the informéd
spirit of modern science. We also
draw the conclusion, that a know
ledge of chemistry, and a cvhemi'é:érl
cxpert are necessary iools in brina”
ing the manufacture of glass to"':f-g.v.
profitable business,
Hall’'s Catarriy
- P - will do what we'
Med‘cme claim for it~=:
rid your system of Catarrh or Deafness
caused by Catarrh. Also as a Blood urifier
it gives wonderful results. All Druggista.
¥. J. CHENEY & CO., Taledo, Ohid
CALLUS
For Your
~ GROCERIES
Where quality and’
service is assured. A
WILSON MERC. CO.
Phone 124
10th St. & 17th Ave.