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News Service) VATICAN CITY — More than 10,000 of the faithful overflowed this week’s general audience, causing His Holiness Pope Pius XII to greet his well wishers in St. Peter’s Basilica instead of the Hall of Benedictions as usu al. The large turnout was seen here as an expression of support for the Holy Father, who had canceled the annual ceremony marking his coronation anni versary as a result of Italy’s cur rent anticlerical campaign. The campaign has revolved in part around the trial and con viction by a Florence court of Bishop Pietro Fiordelli of Prato, who was accused of “defaming” a couple married outside the Church. Almost forgotten in the reac tion to the Bishop’s case is the upcoming trial of French writer Roger Peyrefitte, charged by the Italian government with slan dering the Pope. Peyrefitte’s trial is expected to start in early April and will be another focal point in campaign preceding Italy’s national elections. The case of Bishop Fiordelli has become the subject of a na tional conflict over principles. The Pope and Italy’s priests, as well as many Catholic lay men, have reacted strongly and immediately. The Pope canceled the March 12 anniversary cele bration and throughout the na tion demonstrations have pro tested against the Bishop’s con viction as a limitation of the freedom of the Church. The an ticlerical drive, spearheaded by the communists and participated in by other political parties, some of which are anti-commun ist, has also been the target of angry protests. Although the Reds welcome the Bishop’s conviction, they are not altogether satisfied by the trial’s outcome. Italian news papers have pointed out that the court’s decision takes the edge off one of the left’s strongest arguments, namely that Church authorities are guilty of inter- THEOLOGY FOR THE LAYMAN (Continued From Page Four) physically, with heightened pulse, for instance, or acid sto mach; but it is the knowing mind that enjoys the reactions or dis likes them); it decides nothing (though our will may decide in favor of things that give us bodi ly pleasure.) Spirit knows and loves. A slightly longer look at ourselves reveals that spirit has power, too. It is the mind of man that splits the atom; the atom can not split the mind, it cannot even split itself, it does not know about its own electrons. Here our imagination inter venes rebel] iously. Almost from the dawn of history men have known about the planets, have humbled themselves before the planets, have found all sorts of ingenious ways of asserting the night sky’s mastery over the hu man insect. But recent discovei'- ies have multiplied these tend encies a thousandfold. We have found not only more and more planets, but more and more solar system. We have learned about the vast spaces and the light- years with which we must meas ure them. Man is only a speck upon a speck: he is supposed even to be humble before the spaces, to bow down before emptiness simply because there is so much of it. But the speck — the smaller speck, I mean, which is man — is tlie superior all the same. He knows the stars and the spaces, not they him; he calculates the light-years and knows of the deaths of stars. He loves them, not they him; the beauty of the moon is for spirit and not for matter. Indeed he uses them if to steer his ships and measure his earth: but he is planning be yond that, planning to extend the range of his own movement, to go out among them: for the mind has the gift of dominion, and only mind has it. There are greater minds than man’s and greater power: before these, man must bow; but not before mindless, impotent masses and the spaces that lie between them. My body is, conveniently, smaller than the planet jupiter; but my mind is not. Mindless ness does not become greater than mind simply by being multiplied. ference and the use of pressure in government matters. The Holy See’s protests against the Florence court’s verdict is based on what is considered a violation of its concordat with Italy. Article 2 of the concord at states: “The Holy See and likewise the bishops have the freedom to publish and post inside and on the inside of doors of en trances to religious buildings or m their offices instructions, reg ulations, letters . . . and other material concerning the spiritu al administration of the faithful which they believe are in the realm of their competence.” Catholic legal figures maintain that under this provision a state court is not competent to judge ecclesiastical jurisdiction in re ligious matters. Bishop Fiordelli’s lawyers have appealed the judgment against him, but the Bishop himself refused to do so on the same grounds that he refused to appear in court during the trial, namely that the court has no right to try him. It does not have this right, the Bishop said, not “because of personal immunity,” but because of “my right of exercising spiritual jurisdiction.” It is very possible that the appeal will not be heard before the national elections, as such matters often take several months of processing before the Italian appellate court gets the case. It has been noted here that there have been no civil mar riages in Prato since October of last year, while there have been 120 religious ones. In the first nine months of 1957 there were 12 civil marriages and 834 re ligious ones. Considerable publicity has also been given to the recent reli gious marriage of a former Com munist party office holder, Giuseppe Quarta, who had been married civilly in 1952 but had his marriage solemnized during the uproar over the Florence verdict. Replying to criticism of the Catholic reaction to the Bish op’s conviction, L’Osservatore Romano, Vatican City daily, not ed that critics should not be surprised “by this grief and mourning.” They are reactions, it said, to “obvious and system- matic” attacks against the Pope’s person, his teachings and against the bishops, clergy and the Church’s institutions. A summation of the Catholic reaction is to be found in the joint letter of the bishops of Lombardy province sent out by Archbishop Giovanni B. Montim ot Milan. The letter deplores the “grow ing and aggressive anticlerical campaign promoted in recent days with the conspiracy of va rious sections of Italian public life.” It continued; “We should like to cooperate towards reestablishing in pub lic opinion ... an atmosphere of quiet and create a just opin ion concerning certain aspects of this unjust anticlerical attack. The famous trial of Prato’s Bish op gives rise to surprise and grief. The matter tried was one which comes under ecclesiastical jurisdiction. Article 2 of the con cordat grants full freedom to ec clesiastical jurisdiction and this in our opinion should have been respected in this instance . . . We cannot therefore consider this trial in the light of a satis factory proof of the freedom of Italian law. It is and must be very liberal, but in its own field. Neither can we consider it a vic tory of the state. It is a victory ot godless communism.” It was noted here that it was not tlie slate which brought charges against Bishop Fiordelli. The suit was brought by Mau- ro Bellandi, Prato grocer, under the penal code, which automatic ally includes the reperesentation of Italian law by the public prosecutor and makes the de fendant liable to sentencing for violating the penal code. . The, Florence .court where the ease wks heard hears both .civil anfl criminal cases. Italian law, however, does not speak of the criminal code in a case like the Bishop’s. 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