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PAGE 2—?n2 BULLETIN, October 3, 1959
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OUR NEW POPE
From: POPE JOHN XXIII: An Authoritative Biography by
Zsolt Aradi, Msgr, James I. Tucek and James C. O'Neill. Copy
right, 1959, by Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, Inc., Publishers.
PART VIII
CATHOLIC AND ORTHODOX
WORK TOGETHER
Archbishop Angelo Roncalli’s
mission in Greece is one of the
few bright footnotes to the
otherwise dark history of World
War II.
Through the future Pope John
XXIII the Greek people were
saved from starvation. A tri-
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umph of Christianity, Arch
bishop Roncalli’s wartime mis
sion in Greece marked a mo
ment when Catholic and Ortho
dox put aside their differences
to work together linked by the
common bonds of humanity and
love of Christ.
Angelo Roncalli served in the
double capacity as Apostolic
Delegate in Turkey and Greece
from 1935 to 1944, His residence
was in Istanbul, Turkey, but he
made frequent trips to Greece
and learned to speak modern
Greek.
UNFAVORABLE
ATMOSPHERE
Greece in the ‘30s was not a
happy place for the nation’s
50,000 Catholics. The Greek Or
thodox Church, a state institu
tion, was hostile to the Catholic
Church. It feared the similarity
of the Catholic Byzantine rite
with the Orthodox rites and it
watched Catholic institutions
grow and prosper with uncon
cealed suspicion.
In the 1930’s the Greek Par
liament discussed laws forbid
ding Catholics from proselytiz
ing among members of the Or
thodox faith. The state recog
nized only those marriages con
tracted in Orthodox churches.
Mixed marriages celebrated in
Catholic churches were declared
invalid.
Moreover, the Orthodox op
posed the presence of a Latin
Catholic archbishop in Athens
and fought the erection of a
Byzantine rite Catholic cathe
dral.
Despite the seemingly \mfav-
orable atmosphere, the new
Delegate was on friendly terms
with both officials and private
citizens, many of them non-
Catholics. He had, during his
nine years there, many talks
with King George and Prime
Minister Metaxas.
The first five years of his
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Chamblee-Dunwoody Rd.
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office were devoted to the or
ganization of both the Latin and
Byzantine rite churches, partic
ularly those in the Greek is
lands which were extremely
poor.
In his first year as Delegate
he visited Greece three times
and toured all the Catholic com
munities, bringing financial
help. He also gave help, when
ever it was possible, to the Or
thodox and worked constantly
to ease tensions.
As he had done in Bulgaria
and as he was doing in Turkey,
Angelo Roncalli sought always
to clear away misunderstand
ings. He had a talent for func
tioning well in difficult circum
stances and in achieving suc
cess without leaving enemies
in his wake.
Among the things he succeed
ed in winning for the Catholic
Church in Greece was permis
sion to build a Byzantine rite
cathedral. He overcame Ortho
dox objections by pointing out
that it would be built on the
foundations of an ancient By
zantine cathedral, erected prior
to the separation of the Ortho
dox Church from Rome.
Again he demonstrated his
ability to come up with pleasing
solutions when it was agreed
that the Byzantine rite Catholic
bishop of Athens should be giv
en jurisdiction over all Greek
Catholics, even those in Turkey.
This pleased the national pride
of the Greeks.
When, in 1938, the Greek Par
liament passed a law against
proselytizing which included
censorship of Catholic books by
Orthodox authorities, he cam
paigned quietly and won easing
of the laws’ restrictions.
He did not campaign against
the one-sided marriage laws. To
try to alter them would have
touched the sensibilities of the
Orthodox clergy. Instead, he ob
tained recognition of the Latin
rite Archbishop of Athens, a
major accomplishment in a
country that regarded the Ro
man Church with deep suspi
cion.
INVASION OF GREECE
As threats of war grew, Arch
bishop Roncalli did his best as
part of the over-ail effort to dis
courage Italy from invading Al
bania and Greece. Pope Pius
XII did everything possible to
dissuade Mussolini from enter
ing the war and from attacking
Greece. Archbishop Roncalli in
formed leaders in Athens and
Greek diplomats in Ankara,
Turkey, of the Pope’s desparate
but futile efforts.
Greece’s invasion and the
tragic events which followed
gave the future Pope the oppor
tunity of helping the entire
Greek people. The documents
which tell of his activities in
wartime Greece were discovered
almost by accident. They were
found by the Greek historian
Venesis who, after the war, re
organized the library and ar
chives of the late Greek Ortho
dox Archbishop Damaskinos of
Athens.
By 1941 the situation in
Greece was disasterous. Food
supplies were almost exhausted.
The Orthodox Archbishop Dam
askinos decided that the only
course of action was to appeal
to the occupying authorities for
permission to ask the Allies for
food stuffs.
At the same time, Archbishop
Roncalli, quite independently,
discussed Greece’s problem with
the German and Italian ambas
sadors in Ankara. They indi
cated their willingness to help
but said they could do nothing
until the Greeks asked for aid.
Archbishop Damaskinos went
to the German military com
mander in Athens, General Al-
tenberg, and humbling himself
before the victor and asked him
for permission to contact the
allies for a minimum shipment
of 350,000 tons of wheat. The
German commander asked the
Archbishop who the inter
midiary with the “enemy”
would be.
The Orthodox Archbishop an
swered firmly that he intended
to work with a Christian
Church with which the Ortho
dox had once been in union —
the Roman Catholic Church.
Archbishop Roncalli, mean
while, arrived in Athens in Au
gust, 1941. He began his own
charitable activities. He set up
an information bureau to be co
ordinated with the Vatican in
formation bureau for contact
with prisoners of war. Many
Catholic and non-Catholic wel
fare organizations began receiv
ing funds and food and medical
supplies through the Pope’s
representative.
APPEAL TO POPE
While in Athens, he learned
of Archbishop Damaskino’s ■
plan. Characteristically, Angelo
Roncalli took the initiative. He
knew that it had been humiliat
ing for the Greeks to go to the
Germans. To save them further
pain he decided to contact the
Orthodox Archbishop without
waiting for him to make the first
move.
He sent a message to Damas
kinos asking him if he would
meet with him and left the
Archbishop free to choose the
site of the meeting. This pro
tected Damaskinos from pos
sible public embarrassment and
criticism. It also made it clear
to the Archbishop that the Ca
tholic Delegate regarded him
self as a guest in the country
where Damaskinos was not only
the host but of higher rank.
The first meeting was held in
the Paleophaleron Palace in the
apartment of Clement Maneas,
President of the Greek Chamber
of Commerce. A second meeting
was held a few days later at
the same palace.
The notes and letters found
in the archives of the late Or
thodox Archbishop described
how Damaskinos informed Ron
calli that the Greek Orthodox
church had already contacted
the occupation forces and had
been given permission to contact
the Allies for food supplies.
Damaskinos told Archbishop
Roncalli that the Greek Church
willingly requested the good
offices of the Holy See to inter
vene with the British govern
ment so that the plan could be
put into effect. He then handed
the papal representative a letter
appealing to Pope Pius XII for
help. It was signed by the high
est lay leaders of the Greek Or
thodox then in the country.
Angelo Roncalli assured Dam
askinos that the letter would
be forwarded and then asked
if he wished to communicate
with the Greek government in
exile in London on the same
matter. The offer was accepted.
He was given a letter to a
member of the exile govern
ment which summed up the
desperate situation in Greece,
saying in part “one thousand
men, women and children are
dying daily of starvation.”
The Orthodox Archbishop also
wrote “You know by now that
we request that at least 350,000
tons of wheat should be sent
from Australia to the Greek
people. This suggestion came
from the Holy See.”
The letter left Athens with
Archbishop Roncalli and went
via diplomatic facilities of the
Vatican first to Rome and then
to Lisbon and ultimately to the
exile government in London.
KISS OF PEACE
The Delegate’s quick action in
regard to Damaskinos’ project
was instrumental in saving the
Greek people from starvation.
The plan devised by Greek pa
triots and Damaskinos gradual
ly was put into effect. The wheat
was largely paid for by the
Vatican with the help of the Ca
tholics of the United States and
of Greeks living abroad.
It is said that, when Arch
bishop Roncalli and the Greek
Orthodox Metropolitan of Ath
ens, Damaskinos, separated at
their last meeting they parted
with the kiss of peace. This
embrace is a gesture of brother
hood and love, the sign of for
giveness and peace. It is used
In the liturgy of both Catholic
and Orthodox.
At the end of the war the mis
trust of the Greek Orthodox
Church toward Rome lessened
considerably. In a ceremony
commemorating the war’s end
in 1945, the Catholic Archbishop
of Athens and the Orthodox
Archbishop stood side by side.
In his almost 20 years in the
Near East nations of Bulgaria,
Turkey and Greece, Archbishop
Angelo Roncalli was in intimate
contact with the world of Or
thodox Christianity.
His call for an ecumenical
council to explore the possibili
ty of the reunion of Christen
dom after he became Pope, re
flects Archbishop Roncalli’s per
sonal experiences and long
study. From 1925 to 1944 he was
the principal channel of the
Holy See in question of union.
TIME RUNS OUT
Archbishop Giacomo Testa,
present Apostolic Delegate in
Turkey and one-time collabora
tor of Archbishop Roncalli, re
calls that the future Pope once
visited the Greek Orthodox
Patriarch Benjamin II to bring
him quasi-official notice of the
election of Pope Pius XII, a
gesture that had not been made
for centuries.
The former Latin rite Bishop
of Corfu likewise recalls that
Archbishop Roncalli liked to
knock on the doors of Orthodox
monasteries to admire and pray
before their ancient icons, to
study the mosaics and old man
uscripts.
Thus he went to salute the
monks at the famous Mount
Athos monastery who were sur
prised to find among them the
MARRIAGES
-O
SCHEID-LONG
-O
AUGUSTA — Miss Harridell
Long, daughter of Mr. and Mrs.
James Harris Long of Augusta
and Mrs. Robert William Scheid,
son of Mr. and Mrs. William N.
Scheid of Cleveland, Ohio were
married August 29t,h, at St.
Mary’s-on-the-Hill Church, Rev.
Ralph E. Seikel officiating .
O O
| GRAYBILL-KELLY |
O O
AUGUSTA — Miss Mary Jo-
Ann Kelly, daughter of Mr. and
Mrs. James R. Kelly of Burling
ton, Iowa and Mr. Claude
Augusta Graybill III, son of
Mrs. Claude A. Graybill, Jr., of
Augusta and the late Mr. Gray
bill were married September
5th at St. Mary’s-on-the-Hill
Church, Rev. Ralph Seikel
officiating.
O O
| GILLXS-RIDLEHOOVER |
o o
AUGUSTA — Miss Melba
Ridlehoover, daughter of Mr.
and Mrs. James Frank Ridle
hoover of Hephzibah and Mr.
Jackie Leroy Gillis, son of Mr.
and Mrs. Leroy Gillis of Augus
ta were married September
14th, at St. Joseph’s Church,
Rev. Edward W. Shields offi
ciating.
O O
| BUTLER-BENNETT ]
O O
ATLANTA — Miss Lynne
Ann Bennett, daughter of Mr.
and Mrs. Verne M. Bennett and
Richard Thomas Butler of
Hialeah, Fla.; son of Mrs. Elize-
beth T. Butler of Hialeah, and
Albert H. Butler of New York
were married September 12th,
at the Cathedral of Christ the
King, Rev. Alan Dillman offi
ciating.
O O
| BABIN-McEACHIN |
O O
ATLANTA — Miss Carol Mc-
Eachin, daughter of Mr. and
Mrs. Herman McEaehin and
Gerald Richard Babin, son of
Mayor and Mrs. Gerald D. Babin
of Jonesville, La.; were married
September 19th, with a nuptial
mass at St. Anthony’s Church,
Rev. John Leahy officiating.
O O
| WARNEKE-VOLKER ]
O O
ATLANTA — Miss Marie
Frances Volker, daughter of Mr.
and Mrs. Leo Henry Volker and
Harry Anthony Warneke, son of
Mrs. Harrv A. Warneke and th«
late Mr. Warneke were married
September 19th, with a nuptial
mass at St. Anthony’s Church,
Rev. James E. King officiating.
O O
| HIGGINS-TODD |
O O
SAVANNAH — Miss Jean
Marilyn Todd, daughter of Mr.
and Mrs. Wendell Todd and
James L, Higgins, son of Mrs.
Helen B. Higgins of Latham,
N. Y.; were married Seotember
5th, at the Cathedral of St. John
the Baptist, Rev. Herbert J.
Wellmeier officiating.
O O
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ATLANTA
Atlanta Services
For Mrs. Goodnow
ATLANTA — Funeral serv
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were held September 15th, at
Our Lady of the Assumption
Church, Rev. Richard Albert
officiating.
Survivors are a son, Harry R„
Downey, six grandchildren and
nine great-grandchildren.
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SAVANNAH — Funeral serv
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Conaway were held September
21st, at the Cathedral of St.
John the Baptist.
Survivors are three daugh
ters, Mrs. Beatrice Nogues, Sa
vannah, Mrs. Elizebeth Grech,
Detroit, Mich.; and Mrs. Helen
Blanchard, Sangerites, N. J.;
three sisters, Mrs. Mattie Dick
erson, Mrs. Rosa Farr and Mrs.
Elizebeth Faulk, all of Savan
nah; three brothers, Mannie
Carter, Levy Carter and Eddie
Carter, all of Savannah; several
grandchildren, great-grandchil
dren and great-great-grandchil
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O O
BAXLEY — Miss Margaret
Rose Brown, daughter of Mr.
and Mrs. George W. Brown of
Baxley and Mr. Robert Wilson
Flinn, son of Mr. and Mrs. Gil
bert Flinn of Savannah were
married September 6th, at St.
Christopher’s Church, Rev.
Gerald P. Morgan officiating.
O O
! BARBEE-PAGE |
O O
DUBLIN — Miss Frances
Jeanette Page and George Bar
bee were married June 27th, at
the Immaculate Conception
Church, Rev. Robert Brennan
officiating.
O O
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CHAMBLEE CHAPEL
Mrs. Geo. W. Marchman, Licensed Catholic Funeral Directress
George W. Marchman, Jr., Catholic Funeral Director
GL. 7-3101 North Peachtree Rd.
Chamblee, Ga.
O
DUBLIN — Miss Margaret
Ann Duke and Nicholas A.
Mangieri both of Soperton, Ga.;
were married August 22nd, at
the Immaculate Conception
Church, Rev. Robert Brennan
officiating.
representative of the Bishop of
Ancient Rome.
By 1944, Archbishop Ron
calli’s time in the anciet cradle
of Christianity had run out.
There was trouble in post-war
France. Rome decided that the
man for the job was the 65-
year-old Angelo Roncalli, a man
with a knack for getting along
well in difficult and almost im
possible assignments.
(Next issue: Papal trouble
shooter in Paris)
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