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PAGE 2—THE BULLETIN, January 23, 1960
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From: POPE JOHN XXIII: An Authoritative Biography by
Esoli Aradi, Msgr. James I. Tucek and James C. O'Neill. Copy
right, 1959, by Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, Inc., Publishers.
PART XV
POPE JOHN AND THE
ECUMENICAL COUNCIL
On January 25, 1959, less than
three months after his election
to the papacy. Pope John XXIII
surprised the world and re
newed the hopes of Christen-
dome by calling for an ecumeni
cal council.
Ever since his election, An
gelo Roncalli had constantly
stressed his interest and con
cern for the reunion of Chris
tians in “one fold, one shepherd.”
This had been his , text in the
unexpected speech he delivered
during the course of his coro
nation.
The Pope’s call for a world
wide council of the Catholic
bishops was accompanied by an
appeal to the separated com
munities to find unity.
The announcement of the
council came on the feast of the
Conversion of St. Paul, the
concluding day of the Church’s
annual eight days of prayer for
Christian Union.
PRAYERS FOR PERSECUTED
That morning the Pope had
driven to the Basilica of St.
Paul’s Outside the Walls to at
tend a pontifical Mass and to
take part in special service of
prayer for persecuted Catholics
and especially for those of
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The morning of the historic
announcement was an unusual
one in Rome. Black clouds
darkened the sky and there was
the threat of a major storm.
Wind and rain scattered the
clusters of Romans who had
planned to watch the papal car
drive to the basilica.
As the Pope was carried on
his portable throne to the main
altar inside the church, his face
was grave. Though he blessed
the crowds with his familiar
small sign of the cross, his lips
moving in prayer constantly, he
did not seem to resnond to the
warm enthusiasm of the cheer
ing thousands.
When his prayer for perse
cuted Christians was recited af
ter the Mass, the Pone buried
his face in his hands as he
knelt before the papal altar.
After he left the basilica, the
Pope issued his call for the
council. He chose to do it in a
room of the adjoining Benedic
tine monastery. Assembled were
17 Cardinals to whom the Pope
read a discourse in Latin.
It called for the council, for
a diocesan synod (a meeting of
all the priests and officials of
a diocese to legislate and confer
on diocesan affairs) and a bring
ing up to date of the Code of
Canon Law. the body of laws
governing the faithful and the
clergy of the Latin rite Catho
lics.
News of the decision was giv
en to the world in a com-
munieme issued by the Vatican
Secretariat of State. In part it
said:
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“His Holiness dwelt upon cer
tain points of more important
apsotolic activity (in his speech
to the Cardinals) suggested by
the experience of these first
three months of his pontificate
and regarding his responsibility
as Bishop of Rome and Supreme
Pastor of the Universal Church.
“As Bishop of Rome, the
Holy Father stressed the great
development which the city has
seen in these last ten years and
the grave problems which are
connected with the spiritual as
sistance of the population.
“As Supreme Pastor of the
Church, he noted the dangers
which become more greatly
menacing every day to the
spiritual life of the faithful, that
is, the errors which enter every
where and the immoderate at
traction material goods, increas
ing today more than ever with
technical progress.”
The Pope’s remedy was to
call for a council, a synod and
the revision of canon law. The
council captured the world’s
imagination and as the Vatican
communique put it:
“As far as the ecumenical
council is concerned, this, in
the thinking of the Pope, looks
not only to the edification of
the Christian people, hut would
be besides an invitation to the
separated communities to find
unity, to which so many souls
today in every part of the world
aspire.”
ANCIENT TRUTH-
NEW FORMS
After the speech to the Car
dinals, the Pope met with the
Benedictine monks of St. Paul’s.
Speaking of himself in the third
person, he said:
“The new Pope hopes to bring
to the attention of the whole
world the ancient truth reflect
ed under new forms. Some peo
ple dare to speak ill of the
Church, claiming it is behind
the times.
“But the Church is alive and
is not the custodian of a mus
eum. Though the Church has
great respect for what is an
cient, beautiful and good, her
first concern is souls. This is
why the Church intends to
give dioceses better ecclesiasti-
. cal and juridical structure.”
Immediate reaction to the
Pope’s call for a council was
widespread. Dr. Visser’t Hooft,
Secretary General of the Prot
estant World Council of Church
es, said the calling of the ecu-
“mutual coming together, not
under conditions laid down by
one church for all the others.”
Bishop Angus, MacQueen of
London, Ontario, Canada, mod
erator of the United Churches of
Canada, said “the whole thing
revolves around what the Pope
means by ‘seeking unity.’
•A LONG ROAD . . .*
The Pope in succeeding days
dwelt at length on his hopes for
the council. Speaking to a groun
of Armenian Rite Catholic
priests the Pope reaffirmed his
belief that unity “can be
achieved . . . and with perfec
tion.”
Vatican Radio hailed the call
ing of the council as a major
step toward unity. Tt ventured
to guess that it would he, in all
probability, as important as the
Council of Trent, which took
place more than 400 years ago.
It noted, however, that a
stumbling block to unity with
the Oriental dissident churches
was the fact that manv of them
are linked vitally with various
political and national organiza
tions.
Cardinal Montini, Archbishop
of Milan, hailed the convocation
and forecast that it would be
come “the greatest which the-
Chureh has ever celebrated in
its 20 centuries of history.”
L’Osservatore Romano, the
Vatican Citv daily, was quick to
call down those who considered
the summoning of a council as
a political move. The paper cell
ed “grotesque” claims that the
Pope had decided on this as a
means of readjusting religious
and political power or because
of the growing fear of commu
nism’s strength.
It’s editor, Count Guiseppe
Dalla Torre, declared that these
claims dissolve “in their ridi
culousness and there remains
only the majesty of the council
of unity which was born pre
cisely in the mind and soul of
the Pope and which is in har
mony with the mind and chari
ty of the Church.”
The Pope’s announcement
took everyone, with the excep
tion of a few intimates, by sur
prise. Every Congregation and
office of the Roman Curia,
which aids the Pope in handling
the many sided affairs of the
Church, immediately set itself
to studying the questions and
problems under its competence.
'INTERIM POPE'?
In his Christmas message of
his- first year as Pope, Angelo
Roncalli gave a hint of his
thought to call a council to at
tract all to the unity of the Ca
tholic Church. Referring to at
tempts to establish various
forms of cooperation and under-
CLERGY CHARGE CRIMINALS
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(N.C.W.C. News Service)
NEW YORK —- A Catholic
priest and a Protestant minis
ter charged that criminal ele
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methods to force the sale here
of magazines which are “sala
cious in content and abnormal
in psychology.”
Some magazine distributors
are handling the salacious ma
terial under threats of violence
or business ruin,, they told a
special meeting (Jan.. 7) of the
New York Joint Legislative
Committee on Obscene and of
fensive Material.
Msgr'. Charles M. Walsh, di
rector of the Confraternity of
Christian Doctrine of the Arch
diocese of New York, testified
as a co-chairman of the Mayor’s
Committee of Religious Lead
ers.
He said two local distributors
had told committee members
privately that if they had giv
en public testimony on maga
zine distribution practices,
“they would have two broken
arms and two broken legs the
next morning.”
The Rev. Dr. Dan M. Potter,
executive director of the Pro
testant Council of New York
and a co-chairman of the May
or’s Committee, asserted that
“off-the-record” talks with dis
tributors indicated segments of
the magazine sales industry are
influenced by criminal ele
ments and should be investi
gated.
He testified that one distrib
utor said that if he had told
what he knew “he wouldn’t get
home alive.”
The Rev. Dr. William F. Ros-
enblum, representing the New
York Board of Rabbis as well
as the Mayor’s Committee, tes
tified that the lower courts gen
erally try to implement laws
against obscene publications,
but that the higher courts
were sometimes insensitive to
the needs of the public and that
their judges frequently had an
“ivory tower” outlook.
“If you want to operate in
freedom,” Dr. Rosenblum said,
. “you must first be responsible.”
Pope John XXIII looking thoughtful and wrapped in his cloak
to protect him Irom the wind, walks down the arcade of the
Cloisters of St. Paul s Outside the Walls on the way to the
room in which he announced his intention of calling an
menical council.
menical council demonstrated standing which have mailed, the
the “tremendous importance Pope said:
which the problem of unity has
assumed in our times.”
To the Orthodox Metropolitan
Antony Bashir, Archbishop of
the Syrian Antiochian Archdio
cese, with its headauarters in
Brooklyn, N. Y., the Pope’s pro
posal was an important event.
“I do not find any reason why
the apostolic churches should
be divided,” he said. “There is
only one holy, Apostolic church,
Its differences could be ironed
out in ecumenical councils.”
However, he added, to es
tablish unity if would be neces
sary to return to the way things
stood before the great schisjn of
1054, discarding all that was
added after that.
The Rev. Dr. Edwin T. Dahl-
berg, President of the National
Council of Churches, welcomed
the council but said that for it
to work it would have to be a
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“The vexing problem of the
broken unity of the heritage of
Christ still remains and ob
stacles still hinder its solution.
It will be a long road of bur
dening, difficulties and uncer-
tanties.
“The sadness of this sorrow
ful observation does not arrest,
nor will it arrest, we hope to
God, the effort of our soul to
continue the loving invitation
to our dear separated brothers,
who also carry on their fore
head the name of Christ and
who read His holy and blessed
Gospel, and who are not insen
sible to the inspirations of reli
gious piety, of beneficient and
blessed charity.”
Repeating the words from the
Gospel of St. John, Pope John
XXIII, at Christmas time utter
ed the prayer of Christ shortly
before his death: “That all may
be one, even as thou, Father,
in me and I in. thee: that they
also may be one in us that the
world may believe that thou
hast sent me.”
Whatever had been said be
fore about an “interim Pope,”
Pope John XXIII had left little
doubt that he would be record
ed by history as a Supreme
Pontiff in every best tradition
of that title. Within the first
three months of his pontificate,
the “peasant’s son” of Sotto il
Monte had set in motion a
chain of events that would
carry the Church to heights
perhaps never before attained
in its 2,000 years of existence.
THE END
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