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THE BULLETIN, July 9, 1960—PAGE 3 Cloirmont #/ 66" Service Station YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD "66" DEALER Road Service — Phillip's Tires Batteries and Accessories ME. 4-9119 2767 Clairmont Rd. at Expressway Atlanta, Ga. © We Give S & H Green Stamps • We Pick Up and Deliver FRED A. YORK PEST CONTROL SERVICE Our Slogan — Nearly Right Won't Do Our Service — Always Guaranteed Our Products on Sale at Office CALL FOR FREE INSPECTION OR INFORMATION 766 State Si., N. W. Phone TR. 5-8378 Atlanta, Georgia CASTLEBERRY'S APPLIANCES Visit Our Beautiful Show Koom located in Chamblee. JbuTniture—Appliances—Television GB. 7-2016 3614 Chamblee-Dumvoody Kd. Chamblee, Ga. ECHOLS TRANSFER INC. PL. 3-8030 PL. 3-5677 PL. 8-9156 Hauling & Moving Truck & Deliver $3.00 Per Hour 370-2 Lee St., S.W. Atlanta, Georgia CHAMBLEE CHAPEL Mrs. Geo. W. Marchman, Licensed Catholic Funeral Directress George W. Marchman, Jr., Catholic Funeral Director GL. 7-3101 North Peachtree Rd. Chamblee, Ga. A. J. BOHN COMPANY Brick, Building Tile, Spectra Glaze Concrete Blocks CEdar 7-6461, Atlanta, Ga., 3229 Cains Hill Place, N. W. FULTON Alcoholism HOSPITAL Nervous-Disorders 907 Edgewood Avenue Atlanta, Georgia PHONE JA. 4-9392 Consolidated Plumbing Co. 24-HOUR EMERGENCY REPAIR SERVICE REPAIRS & ALTERATIONS Night or Day Call PO. 6-4518 202 South Bayard St. Serving Tri-City Area and Greater Atlanta EAST POINT, GA. ; , ’ V 589 FORREST RD., N. E. PHONE JA. 2-6500 ATLANTA 12, GA, your Lump Sj m Savings^' CASH IN COME «r rink m year part Every a. check for tim 1 have earned. Ope» Mutual Federal Savings & Loan Association JACKSON 3-8282 205 AUBURN AVENUE, N. E. ATLANTA. GA. (Liberal Dividend Rate — Insured by F. D. I. C.) Each Account Insured Up To $10,000.00 SAVE BY MAIL The Catholic In America UNIQUE FACTORY MEMORIAL By Rev. Peter J. Rahill, Ph.D. This is the first of a series of articles revieiving the position and experience of the practicing Catholic in the life of the Ameri can community from Colonial times. The author holds a doc torate in American Church His tory; has been a seminary pro fessor, and is presently Historian of the Archdiocese of St. Louis. WHY DOES HOSTILITY TO AMERICAN CATHOLICS PERSIST Why do people hold my Cath olicity against me. Thank God, the question does not arise ev ery day in the life of an Ameri can Catholic. But it will be asked by the man who was passed over for promotion when his re ligion was ap parently or openly the de factor. A woman will be dismayed at the tension sensed in a social gathering when she announces her membership in the Church. Even those who have no per sonal affronts are reminded that the question is being asked. ANIMOSITY LESSENS Both consolation and strength come from the knowledge that this is not an affliction peculiar to our own today. A century and a quarter ago Bishop John England declared that a deadly hostility existed in many places against Catholics. Then an ac knowledged spokesman for the Church in the United States, the Bishop of Charleston warned that “in denouncing Catholicity throughout the length and breadth of the land, there is found a common ground upon which the discordant camps can meet and bend in amity.” Resistance as well as for bearance will come from great er familiarity with what has been successfully surmounted in the past. Immediately it should be noted that the position of Catholics has improved vastly during the years; conversely an imosity toward members of he Church has lessened. Present charges of double al legiance, subjection to a foreign power, and unfitness of Cath olic candidates for high office are irritating. But they do not foment the heat inherent in these epithets heard by Bishop England and his fellow Catho lics: “Papists,” “Popery,” and “priest-ridden!” Sometimes well-meaning in dividuals express admiration for the Church’s doctrines but de cry the authority of the Pope. They laud her strong influence for good but bemoan the ex istence of her hierarchy. Such praise is no praise! From the first it should be understood that no actual favor is tendered by making an invalid distinc tion. In establishing His church Jesus Christ selected Peter and the other Apostles to guide and lead its members. A body with out a head is a corpse; our loy al defense is of a living Church! Today “dialogue” is popular both as word and as an aspira tion. Expressed thus or simply as conversation it becomes in creasingly fruitful as the speak ers are well-informed. Hence this review of the trials and tri umphs of the Church in the United States is intended pri marily to provide additional knowledge for “over-the-fence” talks. On the bus or at the club, after the farmers’ co-op meeting or from the backyard to a neighbor, a Catholic will help the Church and himself by be ing informed about her. Were differences merely im aginary there would be no need for this account. Yet the com mon ground which exists for those inside and out of the Church is far broader than many realize. A hundred mil lion and more Americans pro fess religious affliction. The great majority are Christians, and thus all of them profess be lief in Jesus Christ. Moreover, all are spiritual descendants of God’s Chosen People. Accord ingly the common ground is broadened farther to encompass Jews as well as Christians. But why do so many entertain su spicions, if not hostility, toward us Catholics? PROTESTANT REVOLT The principal decisive factor unsuestionably was the Protes tant Revolt of the 16th Century. Mistaken the leaders were in quiting their ancestral fold; yet recent Catholic writers have softened the harshness of prior judgments of them as individu als. For its part the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A., has stricken from its creed the traditional damning of the Pope as “anti- Christ.” The findings of scho lars, however, are long delayed in reaching the majority of mor tals. Meanwhile doubts and dis trust of Catholics by their neighbors do not vanish. To exaggerated nationalism may be attributed much of the blame. Love of country is in deed a virtue but—in the words of Theodore Roosevelt ■— “no man is a true American who hates another country more than he loves his own.” Ajl Christendom recognizing the Pope as supreme head gave way to political sectioning em bittered by religious friction. Of ten, unjustified, popular fancy persisted in fashioning credal molds for nations or peoples. A North German or Scandinavian was presumed to be Lutheran, while a Frenchman or a Span iard must belong to the Catho lic Church. Geography preserved the sep aration for three long centuries. In this era of jet mobility how difficult it is to realize that most people never ventured more than walking distance from the place they were born. Misbeliefs about distant and un seen Catholics assumed the rigi dity of the language spoken or the number of furrows to an acre. HOSTILITY INHERITED In Scotland the extermina tion of Catholicism was much more complete than it ever was in England. Conformance to the church established by Henry VIII never approached total re alization, and there were Cath olics during the darkest days of suppression. The valiant Catho lics who persevered were not considered allies by the multi ple English dissenters. With their own opponents within the Anglican Church these separat ists found — to repeat the words of Bishop England about the United States—“a common ground upon which the discord ant camps can meet and bend in amity.” Physicists teach that a certain amount of heat or energy is lost in transmission. Not so with Old World animosity toward Catholics! That it was frequent ly intensified rather than reduc ed or mitigated will be seen in later articles. Even to this day the conse quences are felt. The eminent Jesuit, John Courtney Murray, has said that we are all in some way the product of our histo ries. Red hair or blue eyes may be ours from an unknown great grandfather. Likewise the hos tility expressed by some fellow- American may have been un knowingly inherited by him. Through kindly explanation we may help him cast off a gar ment unbecoming to his citizen ship. Fortitude and patience are not contradictory virtues, and the American Catholic of 1960 may have frequent occasion to call upon his reserve of both qualities. Because of the possi bility of personal advantage, statements by living figures of whatever prominence may not be accepted readily by those outside the Church. It is heartening, then, to re call the profession of faith of a churchman who was outstand ing in both the 19th and in the 20th centuries. Himself an im migrant, Archbishop John Ire land uttered the words which all American Catholics are proud to repeat today. Lacking only the music of his powerful voice, the words ring forth as: “My religious faith is that of the Catholic Church — Catholicism, integral and unalloted, unswerving and soul-swaying . . . My civil and political faith is that of the Re public of the United States — Americanism, truest and bright est, yiedling in strength and loyalty to the Americanism of none other American.” L. F. JENKINS REALTY COMPANY Two Locations to Serve You 531 Moreland Ave., S.E. Atlanta, Ga. 3182 Candler-Glenwood Plaza Decatur, Ga. —Phones— Office: MA. 7-5768 Res.: DR. 8-3540 PROFESSIONAL BAND INSTRUMENTS SMALL BRASSES ~ WOODWINDS L STRINGS & PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS \ DeKolb Musicians Supply 145 Clairmont Avenue 01*3-4305 DECATUR A 38-foot tower with a statue of the Madonna and Child has been erected by the manufacturing firm of Creed Rosary Company, North Attleboro, Mass. It was erected in honor of our Blessed Mother as an expression of humble thanks for the many blessings that have been bestowed upon the com pany and its employees. (NC Photos) ruled by the Queen. The Pilgrims who landed at Plymouth in 1620 were a divi sion of the Separatists, or In dependents. Soon they were followed and gradually absorbed by the larg er group of Puritans. The New England settlers were not of a common religious cause with those in the first successful Eng lish foundation at Jamestown. There the Established Church was accepted without discussion and no concern expressed for non-existent Catholics. NORTHWOODS AUTO SALES, INC. “WE SPECIALIZE IN EXTRA CLEAN SECOND CARS” ACROSS FROM WINN DIXIE 5200 BUFORD HWY. DORAVILLE GL. 7-4384 PAINTS, GLASS, BUILDING MATERIALS John G. Butler Company MILLWORK AND HARDWARE SAVANNAH, GEORGIA Store 2-1161 Plant 2-1164 — Over 100 Years of Service — COMMUNITY SUPER MARKET AT THE PIER ST. SIMONS ISLAND, GEORGIA EUROPEAN ENMITY TO CATHOLICS TRANSMITTED TO THE ENGLISH COLONIES A universal Christendom tin der the suzerainty of the Pope was shattered by the Protestant Revolt. Not that this ideal of the Middle Ages ever had been ful ly realized. But the goal of the future was wrecked completely on the shoals of private ambi tions and exaggerated national ism. Carlton J. H. Hayes, the con vert historian, has expressed well the contrary spirit. In one of his many essays he pointed out that anti-Catholicism has chiefly been based upon the in herent dread Protestantism has for the super-national influence which radiates from Rome. ELIZABETH I To no one country or religion was the antagonism limited. And most Americans today, much less the Catholics among them, do not claim English an cestry. Notwithstanding, partic ular attention must be given to England because the colonies along the Atlantic seaboard were under her rule and laws. In the mother country that had meant outright persecution of Catholics almost immediately from the accession of Elizabeth I in 1558. Reneging on her promise to Mary Tudor to re main a Catholic, the new queen militantly espoused the Angli can Church established by her father, Henry VIII. Not especially attractive per sonally but certainly efficient, Elizabeth quickly brought both church and state under the sway of her scepter. The Act of Su premacy of 1559 completely out lawed the Catholic Church, to which the majority of English men Still belonged. Elizabeth’s ex-communication by Pope Pius V had a negative result. Though most Catholics never wavered in their loyalty to the crown, they became “second-class citizens” in the eyes of their fellowmen. They were further stigmatized as a group of John Foxe’s Book of Martyrs. Now fully discredited, for several centuries this single book caused thousands of Eng lish readers to detest Catholics. For opposite reasons two groups in England came to op- ' pose Elizabeth. The Puritans wanted to purify Anglicanism of “the trappings of Popery.” The Separatists, on the other hand, objected not to the cere monial but to the church being DEATH PENALTY The Massachusetts Bay Colony was equally destitute of Cath olics. But “No Popery” from the very first acted as a cohesive influence for the settlers. The severity of treatment experi enced by Hester Prynne, as con ceived by Nathaniel Hawthorne, today appalls. But her scarlet letter was mild compared with the tortures proposed for any Catholics venturing into the colony. Prosperity came to replace theology as the primary concern of the New Englanders. Yet the imprecations against the Cath olic Church and her members increased rather than lessened. Far to the north Samuel de Champlain had founded Quebec in 1608. Being both French and Catholics, these people were considered enemies by the Puri tans. As early as 1647 death was the penalty prescribed for offer ing Mass or even for the pres ence of a priest in the area con trolled by the. Massachusetts Bay Colony. Three years later a curious relaxation occurred in the rigor of this law. An Indian mission ary, Father Gabriel Druillettes, came down the Kennebec River to propose an alliance of the English with the French against the Iroquois Indians. Not only was the priest cordially re ceived, but in the home of Gov ernor William Bradford he was served fish on Friday. Though the missionary re turned a year later, no league was effected. Yet it may be said that temporarily self-preserva tion triumphed over hatred of Catholicism among the Puritans. The colony of Maryland will be treated in the next article. It should be noted here that the presence of Catholics on Chesa peake Bay aroused the anti- Catholicism of their neighbors to the south. Virginia imitated Massachusetts Bay in fierce en actments against Catholics. “A Papist” was even pro hibited from owning a horse valued at more than five pounds. Apparently this statute had only a nuisance value, but it is indicative of the calculated antipathy for members for the Catholic Church. A colony was successfully es tablished in the Carolinas under Charles II. Though the King was at least sympathetic to Catholics from the beginning of his reign, the Church of England was established by law. Hence no inducement existed for Cath olics to emigrate here nor to Georgia in the next century. Protestant dissenters were per mitted in both colonies, but the liberty thus granted specifically excluded “Papists.” HATRED PERSISTS The bitterness of anti-Catho- olicism was not mellowed by the passage of a century and more. Almost 150 years after the settlement at Jamestown, the Acadians were deported from Nova Scotia. Because of war with France the actions could be labeled political and military. But the dire consequences suf fered by the exiles were due to their known Catholicity. No sanctuary would be granted them as they drifted southward in their boats. Refuge finally was found in the bayous of Louisiana. Evangeline had a Longfellow to lament her heart break. How many more Gabriels were there who searched for their loved ones in vain? Catholics did fight in the American Revolution. To ex plain how they existed at all until 1776, separate treatment will be given to the colonies of Maryland a n d Pennsylvania particularly. Monsignor Peter Guilday, late historian of the Church in the United States, contended that the War of Independence saved the few colonial Catholics from complete extermination. Though the freedom gained was neither complete nor immediate, the vise of intolerance never again came so near to closing on the very bone and blood of Ameri can Catholics. Next issue: MARYLAND: SANCTUARY AND THEN PRISON FOR CATHOLICS. ATLANTA’S ONLY MATERNITY SPECIALTY SHOPS 224 Peachtree, N. W. Broadview Plaza to mum RALPH $10,000 jS&W MEm fslic JPra CLEANERS We Pay JLML ■ Postage ■■■■ U/. On Mail SBT /Q Accounts • w PO. 1-5334 Current Rate on Savings 1006 Main Street Standard Federal Savings & Loan Assn. Forest Park, Georgia 48 Broad St. NW, Atlanta 3 Ga. 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