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PAGE 2—THE BULLETIN, July 23, 1960 JOHN MARSHALL LAW SCHOOL JUNIOR COLLEGE 105 Forrest Ave., N. E. JA. 3-8580 “Around the Corner from Sacred Heart Church” Day And Evening Classes The Catholic in America C&S REALTY COMPANY “Specialists in Commercial- Indutsrial Real Estate” 604 Mortgage Guarantee Building Warehouses, Stores, Mfg. Plants, Acreage, Shopping Center Dev., Industrial Dev., Subdivision Dev., Insurance MIKE & STEVE SERTICH JA. 4-2053 This is one of a series of arti cles reviewing the position • and experience of the practicing Cath olic in the life of the American community from Colonial times. The author holds a doctorate in American history, has taught in various universities, and is pre sently Archivist and Historian of the Archdiocese of St. Louis. MARYLAND: SANCTUARY AND THEN PRISON FOR CATHOLICS More bitter than her father, Henry VIII and determined to protect her po s i t i o n as sovereign, Elizabeth I of England used 1 1 every possible means of sup pressing her Catholic sub jects. Torture and death on the scaffold were physical barbari ties suffered by many. Virtually all were afflicted by the fines imposed for failure to attend UNITED DAIRIES INC. MILK BUY BY THE GALLON AND SAVE Grade “A” Homogenized Vitamin “D” Fortified Buttermilk — Chocolate Milk — Fresh Orange Juice Orangeade — Fresh Eggs Produced in DeKalb County Early Morning Delivery In. Metropolitan Atlanta Sold Retail Everywhere BU. 9-1414 DECATUR, GA. 3446 MIDWAY ROAD FONTBONNE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN four-year liberal arts college conducted by Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet for resident and day students. ACCREDITED BY NORTH CENTRAL ASSOCIATION St. Louis 5, Missouri TV CALLS $ 1 WITH THIS AD CE. 3-2827 Brookhaven, Buckhead, Chamblee & Adjacent Areas Night and Sunday included! BROOKHAVEN 3390 Peachtree Rd., N. E. VARIETY TV SERVICE GUNTER BROS. MARINE BOATS — MOTORS — ACCESSORIES 1330 Gordon St.. S. W. PL. 5-2200 Owned and operated by Roy and Troy Gunter ATLANTA, . GA. WEST END TOOL RENTAL "RENT THE TOOLS YOU NEED" HOUR — DAY — WEEK —- MONTH PL. 5-2280 1330 Gordon St. Cascade Furniture & Appliance Co. West End Headquarters for Quality Furniture and Appliances at Reasonable Prices. PL. 5-2200 1330 GORDON ST. Best Wishes From Sports Center BRUNSWICK, GA. Glynn Cleaners and Laundry 1916 NORWICH STREET BRUNSWICK, GEORGIA J the Anglican religious services. In the late 1500’s the jails and prisons became so over crowded with impoverished Catholics that the local officials begged the Queen to send no more. THE ONLY REFUGE Thus Elizabeth was faced with a double dilemma, for she did not want to exile wealthy and influential Catholics. Con sequently, the Act of 1593 pro hibited them from leaving the homeland. On the other hand, those who had no more than a pittance or less were urged to quit the kingdom. This same law made it treasonable for them to go to the continent. With all Europe closed, the New World was the only possible refuge for perse cuted Catholics. As early as 1583, both as spon sors and as emigrants, Catho lics participated in an expedi tion under Sir Humphrey Gil bert. In a disaster off the coast of Maine immigrants perished together with Catholic hopes of an American refuge. While a few of the faithful participated in other ventures, the failure of these attempts caused the 16th century to pass with no settle- ment for them opened in the New World. Not one of the old Catholic families but a convert, furnish ed the means and the leader- shin of the first and only suc cessful Catholic settlement. As a graduate of Oxford, it af ter James I had succeeded Elizabeth that George Calvert returned from a tour of the continent. From James Catholics had hoped for toleration because of his own Catholic background. But to further his own ambi tions, James had acquiesced in the execution of his mother, the romantic Mary Stuart. Any consideration he may have en tertained for the expectantly eager Catholics vanished from the moment of the discovery of the unfortunate Gunpowder Plot to blow up the King and Parliament. George Calvert already was high in the favor of the King. Like St. Paul, he then partici pated in the persecution of the Catholics he later joined. He was promoted to Secretary of State; in appreciation of his service James knighted him and bestowed a large estate in Ire land. All this royal preferment Lord Baltimore — the title which had come to Calvert — risked in order to embrace the Catholic Faith. Fortunately the friend ship of the King was retained. Calvert, however, resigned as Secretary of State because he could no more take the oath of. office than one of the early Catholics could offer incense be fore a statue of the Roman Em peror. CHARLES GRANTS CHARTER In 1627 Calvert sailed with Catholic and Protestant colo nists for Newfoundland. Early in 1629 Lady Baltimore and their children followed. New foundland was considered at tractive because of being closer to Europe and of the same lati tude, but the climate proved too rigorous for the colony to endure. Going southward, Baltimore was brusauely refused admis sion to Virginia because of his religion. To return to England for a second attempt was his only hope. James I had died but his son, Charles, was equally friendly to the Calverts. To Lord Baltimore the King granted a charter for settlement on both sides of Chesapeake Bay, stipulating that the colony was to be nam ed Maryland after Henrietta Marie, the French Catholic who was his Queen. Perhaps worn out by his ex ertions overseas, Lord Baltimore died at this very time. Long delay or disaster could have been the fate of Catholic aspi rations. But Charles I confirm- FULTON Alcoholism HOSPITAL Nervous-Disorders 907 Edgewood Avenue Atlanta, Georgia PHONE JA. 4-9332 dale's CELLAR RESTAURANT PEACHTREE AND IVY STREETS CHARCOAL BROILED STEAK CHICKEN — SEAFOOD Hours: 11 a. m.-ll p. m„ Luncheon through Dinner VISIT BEAUTIFUL DALE'S COFFEE HOUSE Lobby Imperial Hotel 6 a. m.-lO p. m. ST. JOSEPH’S INFIRMARY SODA FOUNTAIN COFFEE SHOP AND RESTAURANT LOCATED NEXT TO GIFT SHOP ON MAIN FLOOR IN NEW BUILDING ATLANTA, GA. Edo Miller & Sons MORTICIANS AMBULANCE CHAPEL Telephones AM. 5-3636 AM. 5-3637 BRUNSWICK, GEORGIA ed the grant to the Baron’s old est son, Cecil. The second Lord Baltimore, like his father a zealous Catho lic convert, proceeded with the plans for a settlement in the New World. Reflecting the struggles of Charles I with a recalcitrant Parliament, the charter was a unique document in two ways. First, all power in the colony was vested in Lord Baltimore. “Monarch of all he surveyed” was true of Cecil Calvert with in the confines of the grant. Moreover, by the fourth sec tion of the charter Catholics had a refuge for the first time since Elizabeth I ascended the throne of England some 70 years be fore. As his father had done for the venture to Newfoundland, Cecil Calvert made the colony open to all, Catholics and non- Catholic. Before they departed he warned his co-religionists against giving offense by word or deed to those not of the Faith. Such caution was wise. Once the project had become known violent protests spewed forth. Those opposing the sail ing openly declared the fervor of Protestants would disappear if there were no Catholics in England to hunt down. If wry humor be permitted, the faith ful then might be compared to a dog track where without the electric rabbit the hounds would cease to run. FIRST MASS But Cecil Calvert was as stur dy and unyielding as his father. Despite rantings and threats the ARK and the DOVE bravely sailed forth and the perilous voyage across the Atlantic was completed successfully. The first Mass in the Maryland col ony was celebrated by Father Andrew White on the Feast of the Annunciation, 1634. Lord Baltimore appointed his brother, Leonard, Governor of the colony. Friendly relations were established with the Indi ans and it was not from the red men that attacks came. Armed forays were made against the new settlement by neighboring Virginians. Danger ous though these were, it was from within that the greatest danger gradually arose. Maryland was intended to be a Catholic refuge but, as has been noted, immigration to the colony was not limited to the faithful. Nor was there any re striction once settlement was successfully established. Wrangling already had brok en out among the Puritans in America and non-conformists were expelled from the Massa chusetts Bay Colony. These and others found a haven on Ches apeake Bay. Rather than labor ing under restrictions, some of these exiles actually were pro tected from Catholic aggression. In the first years two heavy fines were exacted from Cath olic settlers who had violated the freedom guaranteed to Protestants. The sanctuary of Catholics became the refuge of dissenters among the Puritans. Too soon it was the Catholics who were to suffer from this charitable hospitality. The colony had prospered during the 13 years that Leon ard Calvert was governor. At his death, however, non-Catho- lics far outnumbered the faith ful and Lord Baltimore was forced to appoint a Protestant governor. In 1649 the Maryland Assem bly passed its justly renowned Toleration Act. This celebrated statue provided for religious freedom for every Christian! Catholics may take everlasting OBITUARIES REQUIEM FOR SISTER EMILE DOULEURS SAVANNAH — Funeral serv ices for Sister Emilie DesSept Douleurs were held in the Cha pel of the Little Sisters of the Poor, July 8th. Services For Mrs. McDonald SAVANNAH — Funeral serv ices for Mrs. Willian Fahey Mc Donald were held July 7th. at the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist. Atlanta Services Salvatore Valenzo ATLANTA — Funeral serv ices for Mr. Salvatore Valenzo were held at the Sacred Heart Church July 4th, Rev. Father Thomas J. Roshetko officiating. Services For Mrs. Murden SAVANNAH — Funeral serv ices were held July 7 at the Sacred Heart Church for Mrs. Janie Walsh Murden. Mrs. Murden is survived by a daughter, Miss Margaret M. Murden; a sister, Miss Agnes T. Walsh; three nephews and a niece. Services For R. H. Myles WAYCROSS — Funeral serv ices for Robert H. Myles, who was killed in a plane crash, were held July 13th at St. Jos eph’s Church. Survivors are his wife, the pride that a commencement of religious freedom in the United States originated from the faith ful in the colony of Maryland. Dissenters of every variety, therefore, had full rights with the Catholic founders. Soon the givers were to be excluded from the enjoyment of the freedom granted. About five years later Catholicity actually was out lawed in the colony. “No Pop ery” resounded as loudly and vehemently on the Chesapeake as it had in the Puritan Com- monweath of Massachusetts. After the death of Oliver Cromwell and the restoration of the Stuarts in England, the colony was returned to Lord Baltimore. Nontheless, until the American Revolution freedom for the faithful in Maryland was precarious. At times restrictions were relaxed; again the largest body of Catholics in the English colonies were subjected to se vere penal laws. A century later Maryland en acted legislation which weighed down all property owned by Catholics with double taxation. Catholics of 18th Century Mary land actually considered quit ting the colony entirely to make a new start in French Louisiana. Only on the outbreak of coloni al disagreement with the mo ther country prior to the Revo lution was this proposal post poned. But Maryland, the Land of Sanctuary, had become a prison for the faithful. Whether shout ed by Puritans or by Anglicans, “No Popery” was the cry in command. Toleration was for gotten, religious freedom had been blotted out on the statute books of the English colonies in America. Next Issue: Pennsylvania Af forded Catholics Freedom Out side the Law. 225 BUCKHEAD AVE., N. E., ATLANTA. GA. PHONE CE. 3-1133 PHONE JA. 2-6500 589 FORREST RD., N. E. ATLANTA 12. GA. CHAMBLEE CHAPEL Mrs. Geo. W. Marchman, Licensed Catholic Funeral Directress George W. Marchman, Jr., Catholic Funeral Director GL. 7-3101 North Peachtree Rd. Chamblee, Ga. former Miss Phyllis Pritchard; three sons, Robert H. Myles, Jr., student at Notre Dame Univer sity, William T. and Anthony C. Myles, both of Waycross, par ents, Mr. and Mrs. H. C. Myles of Alamanca, N. Y.; three bro thers, John M. Myles of Ham burg, N. Y., Raymond B. Myles of Aiken, S. C„ and Thomas A. Myles of Buffalo, N. Y. Rome Services For William J. Pilson ROME — Funeral services for William Joseph Pilson were held at St. Mary’s Church July 6th. Surviving are his wife, the former Miss Isabel Pilson of Rome; one daughter, Mrs. Charles Von Herrmann, III, of Athens and one grandchild. Hamilton Realty Company • Farm Lands • Commercial Property • Development Property • Homes • Rentals • Insurance and Loans 5280 Buford Hwv. GL. 7-7249 DORAVILLE Business or Pleasure Travel Arrangements Ship - Bus - Rail Air Cruises - Tours Hotels World-Wide Travel Service GEORGIA MOTOR CLUB, Inc. Affiliated with the American Automobile Assn. 1044 W. Peachtree St„ N.W. Atlanta 9, Georgia • TR. 5-7171 Atlanta Upholstery Shop BY TOP FLIGHT FINEST QUALITY WORK CRAFTSMEN "We will beat any price in town." TR. 4-3556 790 Hemphill Ave., N.W. Atlanta, Ga. Radio Station WERD KC 880 On The Dial 330 Auburn Ave., NE JA. 4-0668 — Atlanta, Ga. CELEBRATING 70 YEARS MTitMINMOtt CE. 7-8694 Free Inspection Atlanta. Ga. Pay* To Know Your L™“~!STATE FARM Agent DOUG STEPHENS INSURANCE SERVICE Auto • Life • Fire 125 Trinity Place Decatur, Ga, DR. 3-4424 RALPH CLEANERS PO. 1-5334 1006 Main Street Forest Park, Georgia FLOWERLAND GREENHOUSES Retail — Wholesale Greater Atlanta Deliveries Flowers for Every Occasion Chamblee-Dunwoody Rd. Chamblee, Ga. — GL. 7-3455 TWO LOCATIONS Decatur McKINNEY BLDG AND Atlanta By MED. ARTS BLDG Opticians £}os. 6. Kaiish & Ainsworth 542 CHURCH ST DR. 3-7903 380 P’TREE ST.. NE JA 3-5033 % 0 Insured to $10,000 by FSLIC We Pay Postage On Mail Accounts Current Rate on Savings Standard Federal Savings & Loan Assn. 48 Broad'St. NW, Atlanta 3 Ga. MU. 8-6619 4 PROFESSIONAL BAND INSTRUMENTS SMALL BRASSES rWOODWINDS STRINGS A PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS DeKalb Musicians Supply 145 Cloirmont Avenue DR 3-4305 DECATUR Any Time — Anywhere Call a TAXI RADIO CABS DECATUR CO-OP CABS 310 E. HOWARD AVE. 24-Hour Service Passengers Insured Trips Anywhere DE. 7-3866 — DE. 7-1701 DECATUR, GA. Henri’s Bakers & Caterers Service Long experience in catering service, and highest quali ty products made us famous in Atlanta! 3251 Peachtree Road Atlanta, Georgia CE. 7-0202 ATLANTA’S ONLY MATERNITY SPECIALTY SHOPS 224 Peachtree, N. W. Broadview Plaza RENT THE FINEST IN FORMAL WEAR AT O’KELLEY’S A complete selection of Dinner Jackets, Tuxedos, Full Dress Suits, Strollers ... tailored and fitted to perfection. Beautiful Bridal Gowns, Bridesmaid Dresses, Cocktail Dresses and Formal Gowns in the newest fashions. Also veils, wreaths, hoops and crinolines. OJQLfsJ, nc. 231 MITCHELL ST., S.W., ATLANTA 3, GA. Established 1919 JA 2-9960 JA 1-0421