Newspaper Page Text
Full Reform Of Missal, Breviary,
Will Be First In Four Centuries
By Msgr. James I. Tucek
(N.C.W.C. NEWS SERVICE)
VATICAN CITY — Reforms
of Ihe Roman Missal and bre
viary which go info effeci next
January 1 will be ihe firsi com
plete revisions of the two litur
gical books in almost 400 years.
A third liturgical book, the
Roman Ritual, is also expected
to be published in revised form
in the near future. Announce
ment of the coming changes in
the Missal and breviary was
made in a document issued by
His Holiness Pope John XXIII
on July 25.
Details of ihe reforms in the
breviary and Missal have yet
to be published. Some details
have been revealed in the
course of ihe past year, how
ever. If has been learned from
an authoritative source that ihe
breviary — containing the text
of each day's Divine Office,
which must be recited or read
by all priests — will be contain
ed in two volumes instead of
the present four.
It has also been indicated that
amount of time needed for the
breviary’s recitation will be
greatly reduced. Taking an hour
as the normal length of time for
its daily recitation, the reformed
breviary will require about 40
minutes to recite.
Exactly how the breviary will
be.shortened has not been offi
cially revealed. But it is gen
erally accepted that major sim
plification will come in Matins,
the principal and longest hour
of the Divine Office. It is ex
pected that the three divisions
of Matins called nocturns—each
of the three composed of three
psalms, the Our Father, an ab
solution, a blessing, a respon-
sory, and three lessons taken
from Scripture, the life of a
saint, .or a homily — will be re
duced to one nocturn.
Authorities of the Sacred
Congregation of Rites have re
vealed that the actual decree
on the.. reform of the Missal
and breviary — a Latin docu
ment of some 150 pages — can
not be expected to be published
before August 15. Its final form
is still being proofread and
edited.
The Missal in its present form
dates from 1568 and the brevi
ary from 1570. Their reform had
been authorized by the Council
of Trent (1545 tq 1565) when it
codified and unified the litur
gical practice of the Latin Rite
Church.
During the centuries that fol
lowed, many additions and par
tial revisions were made in the
liturgical books, always under
the authority of the Congrega
tion of Rites, which was set up
by Pope Sixtus V in 1588 to
direct the carrying out of divine
worship.
Changes have been made in
the breviary many times, par
ticularly by popes Clement VIII,
Urban VIII and Benedict XIV.
In 1856, almost a century after
Benedict XIV’s death, Pope
Pius IX set up a commission
charged with the study of
whether or not a complete re
form of the breviary was oppor
tune. The work of this commis
sion found its way into the acts
of the first Vatican Council in
the form of certain recommen
dations for simplifying the bre
viary. But its work never went
beyond that point.
In 1902, Pope Leo XIII ap
pointed a permanent commis
sion, making it part of Congre
gation of Rites, and entrusting
to it the duty of studying pos
sible changes not only in the
breviary but also in the Missal,
Pontifical and the Ritual. That
commission, its power broaden
ed by Pope Pius XI in 1930, re
mains part of the Rites congre-
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AUGUSTA — Miss Harriett
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Mr. and Mrs. Dennis Joseph
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officiating.
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SAVANNAH — Miss Bonnie
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dore Scott Cotman, son of Mr.
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BOOK REVIEWS r
THE BULLETIN. August 20, 1960—PAGE 3
gation. It is chiefly responsible
for the forthcoming reforms of
the Missal, breviary and Ritual.
Pope St. Pius X shortened the
Divine Office somewhat in 1911.
And a major step toward sim
plification of the breviary was
taken by Pope Pius XII in 1955.
He reduced the rank of a num
ber of feasts, thus cutting the
length of the Divine Office as
signed for them. But his sim
plifications were only part of
a greater reform he envisioned.
It remained for Pope John
XXIII to see the work of reform
through to completion and to
announce it in his motu proprio
of July 25.
Under the new reform, ihe
number of feasis in ihe liturgi
cal calendar is expecied io be
sharply curtailed. Many feasis
heretofore observed more or less
solemnly are expected to be
made simple feasts. It is also
believed that secondary feasis
of mosfs saints will be elimi
nated. For example, the feast of
the Stigmata of St. Francis of
Assisi might be eliminated and
only the single feast of St.
Francis celebrated.
The importance of the “com
ing reform lies in the fact that
the “praying Church” will be
given new impetus on the eve
of the great manifestation of
the “teaching and ruling
Church” in the coming ecumen
ical council.
EDITED BY EILEEN HALL
3087 Old Jonesboro Road., Hapeville, Georgia
Each issue of this Book Page
is confided to the patronage of
Mary, Mediatrix of All graces,
with the hope that every reader
and every contributor may be
specially favored by her and her
Divine Son.
GOLDEN RULE
Take time out for reflection
now and then—see if you are as
reasonable as you exepet others
to be. «;
THE HISTORIC REALITY
OF CHRISTIAN CULTURE, by
Christopher Dawson, Harper,
$3.00.
(Reviewed by Elizabeth Hester)
Christopher Dawson is an
English professor of theology
with a particular concern for
the survival of the Christian
Church. Dr. Dawson, like Dr.
Toynbee, stresses that all phases
of civilization have charactis-
tically been associated with a
religion. He demonstrates that
totalitarian states of the Fascists
and the Communists have not
escaped or destroped the reli
gious compulsion in man, but
have themselves gained or held
strength only by appropriating
the prerogatives of religion;
thus Communism is, though
nominally godless, actually a
sort of religion with the State
itself serving as a godhead.
However, whereas Dr. Toyn
bee anticipates a future world
with a religion which is an
amalgam of all religions, or a
mutation from the mingled
many, Dr. Dawson, a Catholic,
hopes for the spread and tri
umph of Christianity. He faces
that it is by no means positive
ly assured to us that this tri
umph will come of itself. Con
ceivably, in a world of vigorous
ly pursued Communist activity
with only a highly secularized
Wester civilization to act as a
foil, the Church could be de!
stroyed.
To ward off this catastrophy
possibility, Dr. Dawson urges a
sort of de-secularization of our;
society. One cannot help but
feel that he would really like,
to come out flatly for the re
newal of Church-State ties in
all Western countries, but as
this is obviously not feasible^
he settles for the alternative of
education. Particularly, he ad
vocates a renewal of intensive
religious education at high (col
lege and adult) levels. In es
sence, Dr. Davison,.is dominated
by the urgent conviction that
Western civilization to act as a
understanding of his religious
heritage or free annihilation by
the Communist juggernaut.
From his view, we have not
bombs to worry about as much
as cultural asphyxiation. The
Church, he says, can save us.
Father John F. Magner, S.J.,
(above) of the faculty of tha
University of San Francisco,
a veteran of 23 years service ’
in the Far East has been ap
pointed Catholic chaplain of
the hospital ship SS. HOPE
I. In a privately financed
progfiram, the ship, equipped
as a floating medical train
ing center, staffed with.
American doctors, nurses
and medical technicians, is
sponsored by the People-to-
People Health Foundation, of
Washington, D.C. First stops
in Project HOPE will be in I
Indonesia and Viet Nam*.
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tion, which is dream-like. In
genuine tragedy and comedy,
the definite is explored to its
extremity and man is shown to
be the limited creature he is,
and it is at this point of greatest
penetration of the limited that
the artist finds insight. Much
modern so-called tragedy avoids
this penetration and makes a
leap toward transcendence, re
sulting in an unearned and spa
cious resolution of the work.
The principle of this thorough
penetration of the limited is
best exemplified in medieval
scriptural exegesis, in which
three kinds of meaning were
found in the literal level of the
sacred text: the moral, the al
legorical, and the anagogical.
This is the Catholic way of
reading nature as well as scrip
ture, and it is a way which
leaves open the most possibili
ties to be found in the actual.
If Fr. Lynch’s book could have
a wide Catholic audience in
this country, particularly in the
colleges, it might ultimately
help in the formidable task of
raising our level of literary ap
preciation.
Father Alfred F. Mendez,
C.S.C,, 53, (above) of Notre
Dame University, Notre
Dame, Ind., has been named
bishop of the newly created
Diocese of Arecibo, in north
western Puerto Rico, com
prising half a million Catho
lics. A native of Chicago, he
was ordained in. 1935. His
grandfather, Jose Mendez,
was the last Spanish gover
nor of Ponce, Puerto Rico, in
v 1898. (NC Photos) j
THE LONG ADVENTURE,
by Franz Weyergans, translated
by Joseph Cunneen, Regnery,
$3.50.
(Reviewed by Marlha Fowler)
This book is a study on happi
ness in marriage. The prime
purpose of a man and his wife,
the author tells us, is to lead
each other to God. This can be
achieved osly by a true, unself
ish love for one another. Every
chapter is an essay with a
wealth of common sense advice
combined with a spiritual beau
ty rarely found in hooks on
marriage.
For instance the chapter, “A
Retreat From the World,” be
gins: “We often hear, ‘Look
how they act after a few years
of marriage. He used to hold
her arm tenderly, but now see
how he strides along beside her.’
Well, I should hope so! They
have learned to stride along,
and it is not easy to do it to
gether. It requires perfect har
mony and at first they needed a
support.”
Franz Weyergans is the father
of five children and the founder
of one of the first Christian
Modern China
Leads World
In Martyrs
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CHRIST AND APOLLO, by
William F. Lynch, S.J., Sheed
& Ward, $5.00.
(Reviewed by Flannery
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In Christ and Apollo, Fr.
Lynch describes the true na
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as founded on a penetration of
the finite and limited. The op
position here is between Christ,
Who stands for reality in all its
definiteness, and Apollo who
stands for the indefinite, the ro
mantic, the endless. It is again
the opposition between the He
braic imagination, always con
crete, and the agnostic imagina-
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NC) — China has produced
more 20th century martyrs than
any other country, a Chinese
theologian declared here.
Father Vianney Hsin told pil
grims at Munich’s International
Eucharistic Congree that one of
every seven Christians in China
has given his life for his Faith.
He said that in the past 15
years mainland China’s Red
masters have subjected the
country’s 3.5 million Catholics
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