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Jt PAGE 2—THE BULLETIN, October 29, 1960 The Catholic In America By Rev. Peter J. Rahili, Ph.D. This is one. of a series of articles reviewing the -position and. experience of the. practicing Catholic in the life of the A merican community from Colonial times. The author holds a doctorate in American Church History has taught in various universities, and is pres ently Archivist and Historian of the Archdiocese of St. Louis ARCHBISHOP HUGHES' COURAGE HALTS ANTI-CATHOLIC RIOTS Production of gasoline in the United States had to await the drilling of the first sue cessful oil well in 1359 at Tit usville, Pennsylvania. It would seem that some had been made in advance from the flash-fires of anti-Catholicism which flared after the burning of Massachusetts’ Ursuline convent in 1835. Once the stop per has been jerked from the jug of mob-violence, the insid ious fumes are almost impos sible to control. Remonstranc- es and appeals go unheeded because the action had even its beginning outside of the law. FLOWERLAND GREENHOUSES Retail —• Wholesale Greater Atlanta Deliveries Flowers for Every Occasion Chamblee-Dunwoody Rd. Chamblee, Ga. — GL.7-3455 BROOKWOOD SERVICE STATION Pure Oil Products - Tires - Lubrication - Tail Pipe - Mufflers - Brake Work MR. CLAY, Prop. Road Service - Pick-Up & Delivery 1820 Peachtree Rd., N.W. TR. 6-2171 Atlanta, Ga. Insured to $10,000 by FSLIC We Pay Postage On Mail Accounts i % Current Rate on Savings Standard Federal 43 Broad St. NW, Atlanta 3 Georgia MU. 8-6619 Highest Quality Recaps! Guaranteed Passenger and Truch Tires—Retail, Whole sale, Fleet—8-Hour Service on Passenger Cars MOBLEY TIRE & RECAP SERVICE DR. 3-3388 - 2803 E. Ponce De Leon DECATUR Dunlap Distributors Concerted action against the Church, however, awaited the formation of the Native American Party, which is be lieved to have begun in Ger mantown, Pennsylvania, in 1837. Its declaration of prin ciples demanded that all pub lic offices should be limited to native Americans only. The real objective of the party in attacking Catholic immigrants may be readily recognized from the epithets used in their newspapers: “Irish Papists,” and the degraded slaves of the Pope.” CHURCH BURNING By 1844 the Nativist Party was known as the American Remiblican Association. Early in May Philadelphia members were notified to meet in the suburb of Kensington, heavily peopled with Irish. Under such provocation, of course, trouble broke out. Several were killed, scores iniured, and 25 to 30 homes of Catho lics were reduced to ashes. Though military aid was called, the next day two Cath olic churches were burned to the ground. George Washing ton had contributed to the building of one of them, Saint Augustine’s. A school of the Sisters of Charity was like wise destroyed by flames. Almost exactly It vears be fore, the Board of Guardians of Philadelphia had framed a resolution of thanks to other Sisters. The bravery and good ness they had shown in car ing for cholera victims, the resolution declared, “entitle them to the warmest thanks and gratitude of the whole community, which has bene fited by their labors.” Now the appreciation had been shown by burning a Sisters’ school to the ground. The following Monday The Spirit of the Times, a secu lar newspaper of Philadelphia, commented on the large num ber of people who had gone to church the previous day to thank God for having been preserved from harm during the riots. “Into all churches, we should have said, excepting the Roman Catholic ... In obedience to the orders of the Bishop they were not opened for public worship.” Bishop Francis Patrick Ken- rick had sought sanctuary in the home of a Protestant friend. Notwithstanding, dur- SMI-NEL REALTY CO. 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W. ing the riots he had issued the following bulletin to the Cath olics of his diocese: “I ernestly conjure you all to avoid all occasion of ex citement, and to shun all pub lic places of assemblage, and to do nothing that in any way may exasperate. Follow peace v/ith ail men, and have that Charity without which no man can see God.” Not only were level-minded Philadelphians of every creed shocked by this debacle; the entire nation was horrified The Baptist Advocate com mented: “The will of the peo^ pie is indisputable . . . the ul timate consequence of this principle fully carried out anarchy.” Unfortunately Phil adelphia had not seen the end of the total acceptance of the teaching of Jean Jacques Rousseau. Two months later the noise of the Independence Day cel ebrations in this “Cradle of Liberty” resembled more the silence of the tomb when com pared with the days immedi ately following. The evening of July 5 a crowd of Nativists converged on the Church of St. Philip Neri in Southwark, a Philadelphia suburb like Kensington. Deterred by the arrival of the military from taking any action, the crowd congregated again the follow ing day. But the knowledge that the militia had orders to fire were an assault madta prevented anything more than sullen threats. One disturber was arrested and imprisoned in the church by the military. The next day was Sunday and Mass was not offered in St. Philip Neri. By this time the mob had ripped two cannons from ships at the docks. These were dragged to the church doors and the fuses lit, but wet powder foiled the engines of destruction. Sunday afternoon more mil itia were called because of the increasing ugliness and size of the crowd. Finally actual warfare broke out, with the cannons being fired at the sol diers and the military replying with their muskets. By the lowest estimate 13 people were killed and more than 50 wounded. Thousands of Cath olic families fled Philadelphia and martial law was in force for weeks in the city. 'A SECOND MOSCOW' Public indignation and hor ror was widespread at the an archy of the Nativist riots in Philadelphia. But a similar re vulsion had taken place after the burning of the Charles- town convent, and yet the mob spirit had not been quenched Actually bloody barbarities had increased; why were they to end at Philadelphia? It was Bishop John Hughes of New York who shored up a solid foundation upon which rea soned public opinion could stand unshaken. When reports of the first riot in Philadelphia’s suburb of Kensington reached New York, Nativists there lit the first for similar action. A huge mass meeting was called for Central Park. Bishop Hughes was not intimidated. When Napoleon in 1312 reached Moscow the retreating Russians burned the city as they left. Referring to this method of defense, Hughes publicly declared: “If a single Catholic Church were burned in New York, the city would become a second Moscow.” His quick investigation revealed that New York state law pro vided no compensation for churches burned by rioters. The bishop then warned the mayor that Catholic property would be protected. Actual self-preservation Hughes did not leave to im promptu action, but quickly stationed up to 2,000 armed men around each church. Rea lizing that such measures were dangerous in themselves, the bishop utilized the Freeman's Journal and Catholic Register to rush instructions that no Catholic was to strike the first blow. If attack came, however, they were to take as many lives as necessary before giv ing up their own for the cause of liberty. How tremendous was the influence of Bishop Hughes! Not a single defender, howev er impetuous, moved against the Nativists. On the other hand, the sight of the determ ined sentinels quelled all plans the agitators may have devis ed. No incident of any kind took place in New York dur ing May, 1844, nor again after the second bloody outbreak in Philadelphia during the fol lowing July. This rock-like determination of John Hughes was not a sudden impulse. Born in Ire land of good family, he had not permitted a financial dis aster to thwart his ambition to become a priest. On com ing to America he had taken any kind of job to earn his tu ition in the seminary. After he was ordained for the Diocese of Philadelphia, he led in adopting various meth ods to quiet the storm of anti- Catholicism. Reminiscent of the path followed by John Henry Newman from the Epis copal ministry to the Catholic Church, he has founded a Catholic Tract Society in 1827 to publish booklets explaining the Faith. In these years debates be came more popular than pamphlets. In 1832 Hughes ac cepted the challenge of the Reverend John Breckinridge, a Philadelphia Presbyterian pastor. It was agreed that each contestant would publish ar tides alternately in The Pres byterian and in a Catholic paper. There being no Catholic publication at all in the Penn sylvania city, Father Hughes raised the money himself and commenced the Catholic Her ald in January of 1833. Opin ions of commentators on the outcome of the debate varied much according to their prior inclinations, but undoubtedly the energy and ability demon strated by Hughes contributed to his selection as bishop in New York. ANTI-CATHOLIC TEXTBOOKS Particularly in New York City the new bishop found that the King James version of the Bible was being read to public school pupils, usually followed by a commentary abusive of the Catholic Church. Moreover, the text books used not only were highly sympathetic to Protest antism but blatantly ridiculed Catholicism. Hughes reasoned that chil dren from even solidly Cath olic homes would be shaken in their faith from constantly hearing repeated such a phrase as “deceitful Catholics,” to quote one of the least offens ive terms. Though he was promptly la beled as an enemy of the Bi ble, the bishop sought alloca tion of the school funds for construction of separate Cath olic institutions. If that would not be granted, he asked that Catholic pupils study the Douay version (a Catholic translation) of Holy Scripture. Hughes was excoriated so soundly that neither political party would promise relief of any kind. The bishop then took the bold step of entering a Catholic ticket in a school election and its vote was suf ficient to cause the Democrats to lose. Neither the city nor the state legislature ever ac cepted the proposal Hughes had made. Nevertheless, victo ry in part came when the read ing of the Protestant Bible was dropped in many munici pal schools. As recently as this past sum mer a popular national mag azine compared John Hughes unfavorably with other Cath olic prelates who later attain ed national distinction similar to his. That this Bishop (later Archbishop) of New York was a vigorous and forthright in dividual is absolutely true. But suavity and unction would have made no impress on ei ther the leaders or the mobs who in his days were violent ly anti-Catholic. A time comes when force must be met with force and John Hughes had the courage and simplicity to use it. Their appetites whetted by the blood spilled in Philadelphia, the ag itators who rushed to New York in 1844 would never have listened to words, how ever persuasive. But the arm ed resistance of the church guardians whom Bishop Hughes had marshalled slow ed their malevolent rush to a sedate walk. This smoke-blackened dec ade for American Catholics had commenced v/ith the de struction of the Charlestown convent. It ended abruptly with the burning of the churches in Philadelphia. It ceased so quickly because John Hughes from his cup of American citizenship had drunk deeply the invigorating red wine of American courage. Next Issue: THE RISE AND DECLINE OF KNOW- NOTHINGISM. DENTISTS PULL TOGETHER Children have been known to tear up a house, but have never caused a home to be broken up. Five Chicago dentists have combined their efforts to equip a new mission dental clinic of the Carmelite Fathers in Santiago, Chile. Father Leon Battle, O. Carm., veteran South American missioner is shown making arrangements with John Hickey, Chicago dental equipment supplier who also donated much of the needed equipment. The new clinic Will be added to existing medical facilities established by the Carmelite Fathers three years ago. (NC Photos) Knights Of Columbus Appoint Bishop Conference Committees ATLANTA — William T. Jordan, Jr., State Deputy of the Knights of Columbus, has announced the appointment of Bishon Conference Commit tees for the Diocese of At lanta and Savannah. Chairman of the Atlanta committee will be Joseph Zwicknagel of Decatur. Serv ing on this committee will be Louis Baugnon of Atlanta, Tom Bergen of South Atlanta, Myles Boothe of Marietta and Gerald Deleski of Rome. Julian Halligan of Savan nah will be chairman of the Savannah Committee. Serving on this committee will be Philip Batistini of Columbus, Nick Camerio of Macon, Charles C. Chesser of Augusta, Jerry Gardner, Brunswick, Georee W. Hughev, Jr., Alba ny, Conrad Kalbfleisch, War ner Robins, and Zeno Sutter of Valdosta. In commention of the estab lishment of these committes William Jordan, State Deputy said, “We sincerely hope that these committees will enable our order to become more closely united with our clergy and they with us.” OBITUARIES Services For M rs. Welhorn, Walters Children HINESVILLE — Funeral services for Mrs. Isabel Sul livan Welborn and her two grandchildren, Thomas Wal ters and Judith Walters, who were killed in an automobile accident near Millen, Oct. 6, v/ere held Oct. 8 at 10 a. m. at Chanel No. 4, Fort Stewart. The Hieh Requiem Mass was conducted by Catholic Chap lain Father John Diener, as sisted by Father George James of Blessed Sacrament Church, Savannah. Ralph Welborn, grandson of the deceased, served as Altar Boy. The Holv Rosary was re cited by Father John Diener at 7:30 p. m. Friday evening, Oct. 7. at Carter Funeral Home, Hlnesville. Burial for the three victims was in the Flemington Ceme tery, Flemington, Ga. Mrs. Welborn is survived by her husband. Dr. T. W. Wel born and children. Mrs. Ben Pierce, Jr., Augusta, Mr. Jute W. Welborn, Mrs. Fraser Rob inson, Mrs. George Walters of Hinesville and Mrs. William A. Wood. Jr., of Griffin. Ten grandchildren also survive. Also two brothers. Dr. Palmer J. Sullivan, Philadelphia, Pa., Dr. Leo A. Sullivan, La- Grange, and one sister, Mrs. Edward P. Jones, Savannah. John the Baptist. Survivors are five daugh ters, Mrs. W. J. Dick of Rich mond, Va., Mrs .H. F. Steph ens Long Island, N. Y., Mrs. George J. Hall of Patrick AFB, Fla., Mrs. S. H. West of Potosi, Mo., and Mrs. W. E. Clark of Ft. Stewart: four sons, L. F. Remion, J. B. Re- mion, W. A. Remion and W. O. Remion, all of Savannah; a, sister, Mrs. F. M. Grisham of Savannah; 32 grandchildren and 15 great-grandchildren. SERVlCFS FOR L. F. DULLIGAN GRIFFIN — Funeral serv ices for Lawrence Francis Dul- ligan were held October 15th at the Sacred Heart Church, Rev. J. Gilbert McCormick. C.SS.R, officiating. Survivors are his wife, the former Miss Essie Atkinson, and two daughters, Mrs. Lau lie Pritchett of Albany and Mrs. Donald Stewart of Seat tie Washington. Atlanta Services For William Caverly ATLANTA — Funeral serv ices for Mr. William Caverly were held October 1st at the Sacred Heart Church, Rev. Thomas J. Roshetko, officiat ing. Survivors are five sisters. Savannah Services Mrs. Marie Remion SAVANNAH—Funeral serv ices for Mrs. Marie Antoinette Remion were held October 15th at the Cathedral of St. MARRIAGES o o | CAVENDER-JENKINS | O O SAVANNAH — Miss Mar jorie Carolyn Jenkins, grand daughter of Dr. and Mrs. R. A. Dooley and Henry Cornelius Cavender, son of Mrs. Mary Jenkins Cavender and Joseph Judson Cavender were mar ried October 8th at the Sacred Heart Church, Rev. Aloysius Wachier O.S.B. officiating. The man who is always up and doing will never be down and out. Hadio Station WERD KC 860 On The Dial 330 Auburn Ave., NE JA. 4-0666 — Atlanta, Ga. $esl %Ui.Ji cs Do -St. Joseph i Dn^irmanj 80 YEARS OF SERVICE TO ATLANTA SHEET METAL WORKERS LOCAL UNION NO. 85 250 TENTH ST., N. E. ATLANTA 9, GA. mm "f Withdraws From Group (N.C.W.C. NEWS SERVICE) WASHINGTON — The Na tional Council of Catholic Men has withdrawn from the All American Conference to com bat Communism because the AAC has declined to disavow “a statement of religious in tolerance and bigotry” by one of its officers. John Cornelius Hayes, Chi cago educator who is the NCCM president, notified the AAC of its withdrawal after an association of ten years. Mr. Hayes’ letter pointed out that the Rev. Mr. Daniel Poling, Baptist minister of Philadelphia, who is honorary chairman of the AAC, signed the recent statement of the Citizens for Religious Free dom, which contended that the doctrine and practice of the Catholic Church should dis qualify a Catholic for public office. The NCCM president said the statement “is false, both as to doctrine and as to prac tice in the United States” and added it is “a statement of re ligious intolerance and big otry.” The AAC constitution and by-laws makes ineligible for membership any organization which combines religious or racial intolerance with its op position to communism, Mr. Hayes pointed out. He said the same view should be taken of any AAC officer. Father John F. Cronin, S.S., the NCCM representative, sought to have the AAC exec utive committee disavow the “religiously intolerant views” of the Rev. Mr. Poling, Mr. Hayes stated. He added that “far from” disavowing the Rev. Mr. Poling’s views, the AAC executive council “took the position that Dr. Poling’s statement was of no legitimate concern to the AAC since it did not relate to combatting communism and since, in making it, Dr. Poling did not purport to represent the AAC.” “It is obvious that NCCM cannot continue a cooperative effort even against commu nism under the direction of an officer who publicly con siders Catholics to be guilty of the same doctrinal disloyal ty to the United States as are the communists,” Mr. Hayes state. The NCCM president said the withdrawal of the Catholic organization was “effective immediately” but the organi zation will “in no way modify its opposition to communism.” “We Don’t Overcharge” CHAMBLEE LAWN MOWER SERVICE Parts and Repairing For All Leading Makes - Karts Serviced and Repaired Clinton - Briggs Stratton, Etc. 4872 Buford Hwy. Across from Camp’s Chevrolet GOING TO THE PICKRICK? 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