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PAGE 2—THE BULLETIN, January 21, 1961
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TEACHINGS OF FAMED 16th CENTURY
THEOLOGIAN CAN GUIDE AMERICANS
TO HELP CUDA SOLVE PRESENT CRISIS
By Jaime Fonseca
(N.C.W.C. NEWS SERVICE)
The author of the following
article on the Cuban situation
against the background of the
teachings of Father Francisco
de Vitoria is well versed in
Latin American affairs and has
visited Cuba many times, both
before and after the Castro
revolution. Dominican Father
de Vitoria (1480-1546) was a
fa?ned Spanish theologian who
started a movement to restore
scholastic philosophy.
The break of relations be
tween Cuba and the United
States — preceded by Peru
and probably followed soon
by other Latin American na
tions — shows how deep com
munist penetration can hurt
the inter-American system.
The Americas are facing a
threat to their traditional
bonds of friendship, interna
tional law and cultural ex
change. What is even worse,
a Christian concept of com
mon destiny and faith in the
dignity of man is being under
mined by such events.
In effect, the cloak of social
redemption and economic in
dependence assumed by Castro
and his Soviet protectors has
driven a clever wedge in the
minds of millions of citizens
in the Latin American coun
tries. Are the defenders of the
unjust “status” of today right,
or is the Cuban Revolution
right?
Some point to the dramatic
break as a way to isolate the
Marxist regime in Cuba and
the eventual condemnation of
Castro by the Organization of
American States. Several gov
ernments in Latin America
have angrily denounced al
ready the Cuban-sponsored ef
forts to spread the Castro con
spiracy. Argentina, Uruguay,
Peru, Guatemala, Costa Rica,
among them.
But more than inter-Ameri
can in impact, this isolation
shatters the Cuban situation
itself and adds its weight to
a quickly deteriorating regime.
That the Cuban revolution
seems headed for another
bloody showdown is evident
in many signs, one of them
the “invasion” jitters Castro
has tried to whip up for the
third time in so many months,
always tied to some United
States important event.
Other signs are the inner
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conflicts that Cuba suffers to
day and by necessity seek a
quick outcome.
There is a tragic conflict, for
instance, between the original
sins of the people — freedom
from tyranny, a new social
order, economic independence
— and the pattern of betrayal
followed by the present lead
ers.
Then, there is the pathologi
cal behavior of Fidel Castro,
the “national hero,” against
the scheming of cool Che Gue
vara, the Soviet agent just re
turned from Moscow.
Thirdly, there is the person
al conflict in every Cuban
soul, of divided loyalties, as
they “open their eyes” to the
Red tyranny. The ones who
chose the revolution know
now that this is a life or death
fight for survival. For those
who remain loyal to their re
ligious and patriotic beliefs,
this is a question of submitting
to a police state, or fighting
it, even against powerful odds
in weapons and propaganda
machinery.
What can American Cath
olics do to help in such a
crisis? For all the good hopes,
the genuine love of freedom
and dignity will still move
the will of the people in Cuba.
The Castro slogan of “Patria
o Muerte” (Fatherland or
Death) is truer for the Chris
tian today.
Above all, the Church of
Silence, the persecuted Church,
has now a closer echo. Cath
olics in Cuba are subjected to
isolation, vexation and even
torture.
Surely as Catholics we must
pray for Cuba. But more over
because we are also citizens of
God-given free nations, we
must help with an informed
public opinion the actions and
decisions of the government
and of the OAS during the
present crisis.
We certainly have a doc
trine, a set of principles to put
forth. It was outlined some-
centuries ago by a Dominican
friar, Father Francisco de Vi
toria, at the time his country
men were faced with the di
lemma of Christianity trying
to wipe out pagan tyranny in
the New World and in their
own wild passions.
His main points were ex
pressed in the language of the
16th century, but because they
were based on the immortal
principles of the Gospel, they
can be easily put in 20th-cen
tury garb.
1. The Cuban revolution has
been caught in the Cold War,
a projection to many of the
old concept of power politics
stringing for world domina
tion. In his teachings at Sala
manca, Vitoria, said that no
earthly power has a right to
universal dominion, because
all men are free and there is
no previous court with power
to give one nation, or a group
of nations, domination over
the rest of the peoples. Today
the United Nations rests upon
the free consent of all nations,
big or small.
2. But, could loftier reasons,
the defense of religious values,
give claim to universal do
main by peoples engaged in a
sort of 20th-century crusade?
Not according to the Domini
can priest. Religious values,
indeed, must be defended not
with weapons but with heroic
virtues and example. They
must be spread through per
suasion, not through imposi
tion, even if the Cuban masses
are being forced into atheistic
communism.
3. What about the losses in
lives, in properties, in invest
ment and the annihilation of
the right of ownership? There
has been robbery and confisca
tion, and hunger has set in
among Cubans when indus
tries and other legitimate
means of livelihood have been
closed. But Vitoria, with the
wisdom of the Spanish Golden
Age, answers: Resources, the'
material benefit of the native
population, are not reasons
enough for punitive action, for
punitive war.
4. Yet there are worse
crimes committed by the pres
ent rulers who are violating
all human rights: life, free
dom, bodily intergrity, human
decency and respect. Summary
trials and executions are back
again and there goes on a
campaign of lies and vilifica
tion against the Church, the
patriotic groups, the otherwise
friendly nations. Again Vitoria
answers that, as in the case of
religion, a moral, ethical con
duct can be proposed but not
imposed. It is for Cubans to
set up, in due time, their own
justice.
Discouraging doctrines? No.
What Vitoria is doing is set
ting aside the weak points to
propose rather more solid
foundations in defense of jus
tice and order. He sees these
principles as valid for Chris
tians to defend at all costs:
a. The right of communica
tion among all people. Castro
and his men are executing a
diabolical conspiracy to cut off
Cuba entirely from the West
ern world, including intellect
ual commerce and religious
communication, in order to
engulf the nation into a new
curtain, the Sugar Cane cur
tain.
b. The right to establish and
maintain a natural society for
the guarantee of human rights
and the proper discharge of
human duties. The Cuban po
lice state of today has killed
all chances of such society.
c. The right to expound and
defend a free man’s convic
tions until proven wrong in a
free exchange of views. The
Castro regime and its Soviet
advisers have crushed all valid
free press. They have assumed
control of public opinion as a
tool of communist indoctrina
tion, and they deny all traces
of freedom of conscience and
Prepare And Serve
WONDERFUL MEALS IN MINUTES. 1
OBITUARIES
J. Noel Schweers, Sr.
AUGUSTA — Funeral serv
ices for J. Noel Schweers, Sr.,
were held January 9 at St.
Mary’s - on - the - Hill Church,
Rev. Kevin Boland officiating.
Mr. Schweers was a retired
manager of Bearing Parts &
Supply Company, past Finan
cial Secretary of the Augusta
Council, Knights of Columbus,
member of the Last Man’s
Club, Trook K. Richmond Hus
sars and member of the Elks
Club.
Survivors, are his wife, Mrs.
Mary Sheron Schweers, daugh
ter, Mrs. T. O. McNeil of
Thomason; two sons, J. Noel
Schweers, Jr., of Augusta and
William Sheron Schweers of
Pittsburgh, Pa.; three sisters,
Sister Mary Bernard, C.S.J., of
Augusta, Sister Rose Margaret,
C.S.J., Augusta and Sister
Margaret Eugenia Schweers of
Savannah; two brothers, Owen
O. Schweers and Carl M.
Schweers both of Augusta and
six grandchildren.
Mrs. Margaret Bolts
BAINBRIDGE — Funeral
services for Mrs. Margaret
Farley Botts were held Jan
uary 3rd at St. Joseph’s
Church, Rev. Paul Feichter
officiating.
Survivors include three sis
ters, Nellie, Mary and Cath
erine Farley, all of Waukon,
Iowa; and two brothers, Tom
Farley of Waukon, Iowa; and
Doctor Farley, Topeka, Kansas.
Mrs. Anne Pacetti
THUNDERBOLT — Funeral
services for Mrs. Anne O’Dris
coll Pacetti were held January
2nd at the Church of the
Nativity of Our Lord, Rev.
Felix Donnelly officiating.
Survivors include a daugh
ter, Mrs. Edmond Flaherty,
Thunderbolt; two sons, Jack
V. Pacetti and Sam Reynolds;
a sister, Mrs. Sarah Farrell
and two grandchildren, all of
Savannah.
George A. Ray
DECATUR — Funeral serv
ices for Mr. George Anthony
Ray were held January 9th at
St. Thomas More Church, Rev.
Vincent Conners officiating.
Survivors include Mr. and
Mrs. W. L. Ray of Decatur;
Mr. and Mrs. F. L. Cuyer,
New York, N. Y.; and Mr. Paul
Ray.
Alfred J. Lyons
AUGUSTA — Funeral serv
ices for Alfred Joseph Lyons,
who died in Lancaster, Cali
fornia, were held January 12th
at St. Mary’s - on - the - Hill
Church, Rt. Rev. Msgr. Daniel
J. Bourke, V.F., officiating.
Survivors are his wife, Mrs.
Emily B. Lyons; one daughter,
Camille Lyons of Lancaster;
parents, Mr. and Mrs. William
of religion.
4. The right to defend one’s
life and bodily and moral in
tegrity. The Castro machinery
labels as “counterrevolution
ary” all attempts of defense
of this right. Jailings, execu
tions, physical and moral tor
ture are the order of the day.
Deceit and lies have been
the favority tools of the com
munist conspiracy in its at
tempts to wreck the inter-
American system and enslave
a Caribbean nation, a people
who wants and deserves a bet
ter life. Catholics must see
that sincerity and truth-in the
eternal principles of the
Church’s doctrine — are given
valid influence in reconstruct
ing this system.
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A. Lyons of Augusta; three
sisters, Mrs. Edward D. Welch
of Augusta; Mrs. Phillip M.
Jardine of Boston Mass.; and
Mrs. Robert M. Laird of Sa
vannah; three brothers, Ber
nard T. Lyons of Atlanta;
Mathew A. Lyons of Austin,
Texas; and Airman 1st/C
William A. Lyons, Jr., of
Anchorage, Alaska.
Richard Smith
HAPEVILLE — Funeral
services were held January 7th
for Master Richard Reed
Smith at St. John’s Church,
Rev. J. J. O’Shea offered the
Requiem Mass.
Survivors include parents,
Mr. and Mrs. Coleman J.
Smith, Sr., sisters, Misses
Sharon and Marie Smith, bro
ther, Coleman Smith, all of
Atlanta; paternal grandmother
Mrs. Minnie Lee Smith, Tam
pa, Fla.; maternal grandfather
Mr. Arthur LaBerge, Province,
R. I.; and several aunts and
uncles.
Jewish Womens'
Group Will
Honor Priest
DETROIT (NC) — Father
Clement H. Kern, pastor of
Holy Trinity church, will re
ceive the 14th annual Amity
Award of the Detroit women’s
division, American Jewish
Congress, at February 1 cere
mony.
He was chosen for the award
by a board of judges headed
by Episcopal Bishop Richard
S. Emerich of Michigan.
The Amity Award is given
annually by the Jewish wo
men’s group for contributions
to improving intergroup rela
tions. Father Kern, a member
of the Detroit archdiocesan
Committee on Human Rela
tions, has been especially act
ive in integrating Spanish
speaking persons into the com
munity.
In their frantic search for
riches many people lose sight
of the things that money will
never buy.
In Proposed Program
PRIVATE SCHOOL WOULD BE
AIDED ON COLLEGE LEVEL
(N.C.W.C. NEWS SERVICE)
NEW YORK — Private and
church-related schools would
participate only on the college
level in the $9.3 billion pro
gram of Federal aid proposed
to President-elect John F.
Kennedy by one of his “task
forces.”
Public elementary and sec-
ondard schools would be giv
en $5.8 billion in the next four
years under the program
-which the task force suggested
Mr. Kennedy seek from Con
gress.
Nonpublic educational insti
tutions would be aided in pro
posals to expand the college
housing loan program, in
which they now participate.
They probably would also be
involved in a proposal to be
gin a new program of loans
and grants to aid college ex
pansion.
Mr. Kennedy did not specify
here his administration wil]
act on the suggestions from
the committee, one of several
he named to prepare proposals
on a variety of topics. Dr.
Frederick Hovde, president of
Purdue University, Lafayette,
Ind., headed the group.
The task force also urged
extension of the 1958 National
Defense Education Act, with
some increases and one change.
This act is best known for
its lending of Federal funds
to needy college students. The
colleges distribute the funds.
The Kennedy group recom
mended that the total of funds
available for loans be in
creased.
The group also called for
revision of one feature of the
act that has been criticized by
numerous educational associa
tions.
This is the provision that
college students who borrow
money and then become teach
ers in a public school can get
up to 50 per cent of the loan
forgiven.
The Kennedy group urged
that the forgiveness feature be
extended to all who enter
teaching, regardless of the
school they choose to serve,
a change sought by many edu
cators.
The proposal to aid public
grade and high schools calls
for providing $30 each year for
each public school pupil to all
states.
Added to this would be $20
per public school pupil in low
income states. Finally, all
cities with populations of
more than 300,000 and facing
special educational problems
would be eligible for the
same $20 per public school
pupil in extra aid.
The money would be given
to states which would pass it
on to local school boards to
help the board meet what
they judge their most pressing-
need — salaries, school con
struction or other improve
ments.
On the college level, the
task force proposed legislation
providing an immediate in
crease in the housing loan
program of $150,000,000 and
$1,400,000 in matching grants
and $2,150,000 in loans.
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