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THE BULLETIN OF THE CATHOLIC LAYMEN’S ASSOCIATION OF GEORGIA
TE LEGIONAIRES TO
GREET FRENCH GENERAL
General Gourard, Who Led
Dixie Units in Battle, to
Visit Georgia in August.
Paris Honors Catholic Scientist,
Father of Wireless Telegraphy
^ ' w
(Continued from Page One)
the Catholic American colony in
Paris.
It lias recently been reported in
Paris, and certain American papers
have published the rumor, that if
M. Jusserand leaves his present
post, General Gouraud may he calied
to succeed him as Ambassador of
France at Washington.
During his stay in the National
Capital, General Gduraud attended
mass in St. Matthew’s Church on
Sunday with the family of Colonel
■iont, the French military attache,
hen the World War started Gen
eral Gouraud was placed first in
command in Morocco, hut later was
called to France and took part in
some of the earlier battles of the
Argonnc, during which he was
wounded. Next he was given com
mand over the French expedition
ary force at the Dardanelles, where
he was again wounded, this time
losing his arm. He retired to
France to recover, and in June,
1017, he assumed command of the
Fourth Army of the Allies.
• General Gouraud will visit every
State which gave units to the Rain
bow Division. “Rainbow Division
boys idealized their French leader,”
says the Atlanta Journal of July 15,
“the leader whose military activi
ties were conducted with genius and
whose defense and counterattack of
the Germans at Champagne will go
down in history as one of the out
standing strategists of the world
war. For his part in that battle.
General Gouraud won the name of
the “Lion of the Argonne.’ ”
Paris,—Paris has been the scene,
this last week, of a great tribute to
the eminent Catholic scholar Edou
ard Branly, who is known as the
“Father of Wireless Telegraphy.” It
is exactly fifty years since he de
fended his doctor’s thesis before the
Faculty of Sciences, and a certain-,
number of French societies made
a point of marking the anniversary
by a solemn manifestation. The lead
ing members of the government gave
their approval and support to the
plan and the celebration was organ
ized in Paris. Public, experiments
with the most recent and curious ap
plications of the principle of wire
less telegraphy, such as television,
for instance, were held in conncc-
with the event.
The ceremonies were held in the
auditorium of the Trocadero, which,
despite its vast size, was crowded
to overflowing. The presence of M.
Leon Berard, Minister of Public In
struction and the Secretary of State
for the Post Office, M. Paul Laffont,
gave the meeting the character of
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“LIVING CHURCH” HEAD
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Leader of Church Reds Es
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Warsaw.—The efforts of the So
viet Government of Russia to sup
press all religion have been carried
to such extremes as to evoke pro
tests even from those ecclesiastics
who have been most subservient to
the communist regime and who have
co-operated with the Bolshevists in
setting up the “Living Church.” This
has been strikingly illustrated in the
report presented to the All Russian
C c n tral Executive Committee,
(VTZIK) by Bishop Antonin, Metro
politan of Moscow and head of the
“Living Church” movement, by
means of which the Soviet hope to
make religion one of their political
allies.
Bishop Antonin’s report was made
last March but was suppressed and
has just become public. In it the
head of the “Living Church” takes
the government severely to task for
its persecution of religion and re
veals the fallacy of the Soviet charge
that its anti-religious activities are
directed against “counter-revolu
tionary” conspiracies and propa
ganda.
Recalling that the Soviet decrees
calling for the separation of Church
and State had not been so rigor
ously applied up to the beginning of
1923, the Metropolitan’s report
reads:
“Beginning with the present year,
it appears that the dike has broken
and on the church has fallen
storm of taxes which threaten to
suffocate religion. First it was the
payment of the huge insurance pre
mium for the churches. The faith
ful protested, but they paid. Hardly
was this payment made when a de
mand was made for rental of the
churches. While the highest rate
paid for the rental of a commercial
building is two kopeks in gold per
square toise (a toise 5is 2.131
yards) and rental for the church
buildings was set at 60 kopeks in
gold per toise. In the city of Mou-
rome all the churches were closed
on account of the inability of the
congregation to pay this price.”
These exorbitant rentals forced
the closing of many other churches
in all parts of Russia, the Metro
politan went on to say, adding that
hardly had this form of persecution
subsided before a requirement that
the churches acquire patents for the
sale of candles was imposed. This
was done in spile of the fact that
tile churches already pay a state
tax when they buy the candles from
the manufacturer.
In their search for new methods
of harassing the clergy, Bishop An
tonin charges, the Soviet authorities
hit upon the scheme of classifying
the priests as “professional” men
and then imposing a “professional”
tax on them. The amount of this
lax seems to have been left at the
discretion of the local authorities
with the. result lhat many of the
priests were imprisoned until tiiey
had bought their liberty by satisfy
ing the cupidity of the local author
ities. Another device was a‘ require
ment that tlie priests obtain special
licenses to visit the houses of their
parishioners on the feast days of
their patron saints, and during Lent
and Advent, in accordance with an
ancient custom.
a national ceremony. Seated with
the Ministers, in the place of honor,
was Msgr. Baudrillart, rector of the
Catholic Institute in Paris, whose
presence emphasized the debt which
science owes to this great Catholic
establishment of higher education in
which Branlcy has taught for so
many years, and where he conduct
ed many of his experiments.
It was only with the greatest dif
ficulty that Branly himself could be
persudaded to go to the Trocadero,
for lie is extremely modest, avoids
social functions of all kinds and was,
therefore, all the more terrrified
at the thought of the solemn as
sembly at which he would be the
hero. He concealed his presence as
best he could in one of the boxes
while the Ministers spoke in praise
of him and his work, hut he was
finally forced to rise and go several
times to the edge of the balcony to
acknowledge the acclamations of the
crowd.
The important part played by
Branly in the invention of wireless
telegraphy is well known. It was
he who, after long and minute ex
periments, discovered the principles
of radio-conductibility and learned
to utilize the antenna for sending
and receiving waves. The experi
ments be£an in 1887, and by Novem
ber, 1890, and again in January,
1891, Branly was able to communi
cate to the Academy of Sciences the
results, already considerable, which
he had obtained.
Marconi, then an officer in the Ital-
n navy, began at that time to
study the practical application of
the discovery. On March 20, 1889,
between Dover and Pas-de-Calais, on
the French coast,' fifty kilometers
away, lie succeeded in making a de
cisive experiment. His first radio
telegram was personal homage to
Branly, whose works had permitted
this success.
Edouard Branly is 79 years old. A
native of Amiens, he is the son of a
professor of the State University.
After completing the course of the
Ecole Normale Supcricure, he ob
tained the doctorate and the aggrega
tion of science and was appointed
professor of physics in the State ly-
cees and, later, assistant director
of the laboratory of the Faculty of
Sciences in Paris. While teaching
he undertook the study of medicine
and won all his diplomas, so that
after a few years he added the prac
tice of medicine to his professional
work. In 1876 he entered the Cath
olic Institute of Paris, which had
just been founded, and was appoint
ed professor of Physics in the Facul
ty of Sciences. Now, 47 years later,
he is still at the same post. It was
in his laboratory' at the Catholic
Washington, D. C.—Four hundred
and twenty-five students, the larg
est number yet recorded, are en
rolled at the 13th summer session
of the Catholic Sisters’ College, now
being held at the Catholic Univer
sity of America. The students in
clude 400 sisters and twenty-five
laywomen.
Religious representing twenty-
three. orders and congregations, as
sembled from eighty distinct moth-
erhouses in the United States and
Canada are taking the courses.
Twenty-nine states of the union, as
well as Canada and the Philippine
Island are represented.
Forty-nine lecture courses and ten
laboratory courses are being given at
the summer school. There are 34
instructors, of whom 26 are mem
bers of the faculty of the Catho
lic University.
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Montreal—The heroism of eighty
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Institute that he made his marvelous
discoveries.
M. Branly is a member of the Ac
ademy of Science, an officer of the
Legion of Honor and a Commander
of the order of Saint Gregory the
Great.
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