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TWELVE
THE BULLETIN OF THE CATHOLIC L
AYMEN’S ASSOCIATION OF GEORGIA
JUNE 26, 1937
DR, HANNA ST. LEO
GRADUATION SPEAKER
(Special to The Bulletin)
ST. LEO. Fla. — Dr. A. J. Hanna
of Rollins College delivered the ad
dress to the graduates at the 47th an
nual commencement at St. Leo Col
lege. June 3. The Rt. Rev. Francis
Sadlier, O.S.B., D.D., Abbot of St. Leo,
president of the college, presided.
Charles Ashbrook was valedictorian
and Jack Crum salutatorian.
CAMP AT ST. LEO OPENS
FOR SEASON JUNE 27
Camp St. Leo, founded by Abbot
Francis four years ago, opens its fifth
season at beautiful St. Leo’s June 27,
with Father Edward Martineau, O.S.B.,
as director. The camp, at Lake Lovi-
ta, is in the heart of the healthy high
lands of Pasco County, within easy
reach of Tampa and five miles from
Dade City. The boys live in fireproof
St. Edward’s Hall, and have all the
facilities of the college with its ex-
librarv, dining room, assembly hall
and of course the chapel.
Water sports are a feature, with
swimming, fishing and sailing on the
lake are emphasized. The faculty of
St. Edward’s College, conducted by
the Benedictine Fathers, are in charge
of the camp. The caaip runs for six
weeks; campers are limited to boys of
school age, and they are received for
shorter periods than the entire term
of the camp. Details may be had by
addressing the Rev, Edward Marti
neau, O.S.B.. St. Leo College, St. Leo,
Fla.
Georgian Speaker at
Dayton University
Editor of Bulletin Delivers
Commencement Address,
Receives Degree in Ohio
JUNE ENTERTAINMENT OF
MT. DE SALES ALUMNAE
(Special to The Bulletin)
MACON, Ga.—The annual tea of the
Mount de Sales Alumnae was held
June 2. About 100 members attend
ing. The newly elected president,
Miss Alma Sheridan, presided. Her
officers are Mrs. Nelson Parker, vice
president; Miss Sara Thomas, secre
tary and Miss Cecile Cassidy, treas
urer. After the business details the
social hour was enjoyed and the beau
tiful repast provided by the Sisters of
Mt. de Sales.
(Special to The Bulletin )
DAYTON, Ohio. — Richard Reid,
editor of The Bulletin of the Catholic
Laymen’s Association of Georgia, de
livered the commencement address at
the 87th annual exercises of the Uni
versity of Dayton June 6, at which de
grees in courses were presented to
fifty-five seniors. The Very Rev. Dr.
Walter Tredtin, S.M., president of the
University, presided at the exercises,
at which the honorary degree of Doc
tor of Laws was conferred on Mr. Reid
and the honorary degree of Doctor of
Engineering on George Quatman of
Lima. Ohio, leading Ohio industrialist.
Mr. Reid was presented for his degree
by the Rev. Brother Thomas J. Price,
S.M.. professor of English at the Uni
versity, and a former Augustan, while
Mr. Quatman was presented by his
son, Frank Quatman. a member of this
year’s graduating class.
Lieut. Col. Charles J. Brennan,
Mayor of Dayton, presented their
commissions as second lieutenants in
the R.O.T.C. to eleven members of the
senior class. The baccalaureate ser
mon was delivered by the Rev. Fran
cis Cully, director of the Catholic
Charities in Dayton and an alumnus
of the University. The degrees to the
fifty-five students were awarded in six
departments of the University.
V. Palmer Joe Heads
N. Carolina Knights
(Special to The Buuletin)
CHARLOTTE, N. C.—V. Palmer
Joe was elected state deputy of the
Knights of Columbus of North Caro
lina at the annual meeting held here
recently. L. M. Gerling, of Ra
leigh, was elected secretary; Thomas
Allen, of Wilmington, treasurer; B.
A. Barrosse of Asheville, warden;
Dennis Dunn, of Charlotte, advocate
and Father Thomas A. Williams, of
Southern Pines, chaplain.
VIA SAVANNAH
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GENERAL
PASSENGER
AGENT*
Little Flower Camp
For girls in the Blue Ridge Mountains 12
miles from Asheville offers unique feature
of learning conversational French. Swim
ming, horseback riding, tennis, basket ball,
dramatics, dancing, music, arts, and crafts,
nature lore, exploring trips, all under care
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Address REVEREND MOTHER
St. Genevieve-of-the-Pines
ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
CAHP ST. MARY’S
Summer Recreational Camp, in Lower
Beaufort County. Open July 11th to
August 22nd. Children 10 to 16 Yrs.
Auspices—
Most Rev. Emmet M. Walsh
Endorsed by
Most Rev. Gerald P. O’Hara
For Information; Apply
Director, Camp St. Mary’s
R. F. D. No. 1, Ridgeland, S. C.
Stephens Mitchell Outlines
Spanish Missions 9 History
Civilizing Work of Friars in Georgia Over 350 Years
Ago Subject of Atlanta Radio Address Over WSB in
Wesleyan College Series
Stephens Mitchell, president of
the Atlanta Bar Assocaition, a
leading member of the Atlanta
Historical Society, secretary of the
Atlanta Centennial Commission,
and prominent in the work of the
St. Vincent de Paul Society of Sa
cred Heart Church and of the his
torical committee of the Catholic
Laymen’s Association of Georgia,
Atlanta branch of the Catholic
Laymen's Association of Georgia,
recently delivered the following
address over Radio Station' WSB,
the Atlanta Journal, in a series
sponsored by Wesleyan College.
Interest in Southern and Georgia
history is general in Mr. Mitch
ell’s family, his father also being
an authority on it, and his sister's
knowledge of it being abundant
ly demonstrated in her sensation
ally successful novel, “Gone With
the Wind.”
When I was a little boy the text
books in the school I attended told
me that the history of Georgia began
in 1733 with Oglethorpe. I was a
grown man before I ever suspected
otherwise.
The facts are that for over a century
Georgia was the battle front between
the English and Spanish Empires.
Spain’s worthwhile possessions lay
around the Gulf of Mexico and her
problem was to keep the British
from acquiring land on the Gulf . For
this reason she must hold Florida.
England wished to expand to the
West from Virginia and the Caroli-
nas in order to trade with the Indians
of the interior. The Northward thrust
of the Spaniards and the Westward
thrust of the English met in middle
Georgia and a conflict became inev
itable.
Georgia was first occupied by the
Spaniards in 1566. Saint Mary’s, Ga.,
is in all probability the only town in
the 13 original English Colonies which
has been continuously occupied by
white men for over 350 years.
Pedro Menendez de Aviles led the
first settlement of Georgia, and forts
and missions .were established all
along the Georgia Coast in the years
1566 to 1568.
In 1571 came an Indian uprising and
many of the priests at the missions
were killed. The Spanish lines with
drew sharply to the South, but in 1573
the Spanish government sent new sol
diers and Franciscan missionaries to
the Georgia Coast to replace the Jes
uits. The Franciscans were successful.
They established many missions and
prospered until the Juanillo revolt of
1597.
In the 1570’s Pardo and Moyano ex
plored the interior of the State. They
came to a spot near Atlanta, for they
visited Stone Mountain and an Indian
village nearby called Juaraca. They
were the first to bring back gold from
the North Georgia mines.
The furthest North in Georgia that
there was any permanent occupation
was the town called Coweta by the
Indians. This town stood near the
Power Company dam in Butts Coun
ty on the Ocmulgee River, here was
an infantry post and a mission to the
Sama Indians at this point.
White in his Historical Collections
published in 1854 records the exist
ence of the fortifications on the plan
tation of Major Ward, but of course,
White did not know tbey were Span
ish fortifications. These fortifications
were noted by White in 1854.
The Spaniards’ most Westerly post
was at or near Columbus called Sa-
bacola by the Indians.
Other inland posts were near State-
ville in Echols County, where there
was a royal plantation, a post near
Valdosta and old Troupville, spoken
of by White in his “Historical Col
lections,,’ and various posts in the
lower Chattahoochee Valley below
Columbus.
The Spanish idea of colonization dif
fered widely from the English. His
idea was to Latinize the native pop
ulation, give them Spanish rulers and
clergy and make Spanish Colonials of
them. In effect it was the policy fol
lowed in Mexico where the population
is still 80 per cent Indian.
The British idea was to expel and
exterminate the native population and
seize their lands for British settlers.
The result of this is that we have
much less than 1 per cent of Indians
in our population.
To imagine Spanish Georgia “think
of an Indian country, inhabited by
Indians, speaking Indian and under
standing a small amount of Spanish.
Every few days march there is a fort,
and near the fort is a mission.
In the mission are priests sent to
teach the Indians agriculture as well
as their religion. There are orange
groves from trees imported from
Spain, likewise peach orchards. The
common vegetables except corn are
also Spanish importations. -
These Indians near the missions do
not need to starve in winter when
game is scarce. They are a settled
population. They have few. weapons
and as time passes become agricul
tural and peaceful.
In 1605 the Bishop of Havana vis
ited the province and confirmed 2,074
Indians in the Catholic faith.
founded, the war with the English
began.
This war was inevitable because
Charleston wished to trade with the
interior and when the English reach
ed a point West of the Savannah Riv-
er*they crossed the Spaniards’ North
ward line of expansion.
The English fought bitterly and
were joined by Indian allies who were
superior to the’ Spanish Indians be
cause they had not been tamed and
settled in peaceful pursuits. Spain had
no troops to send to a distant colony
which produced no money, and cost
great sums.
By 1703 all of the interior of Geor
gia was lost. The wars were wars of
great brutality and led to the exter
mination of the Spanish Indians.
After the foundation of Charleston
and Port Royal the Spanish frontier
Indians had little choice. If they stay
ed on their Missions and farmed they
would be attacked by the English
and their wild Indian allies and sold
into slavery at Charleston. Their only
protection was from Spanish troops,
and Spanish troops were few.
If they joined the British they
could for a while get security. That
is until the British wanted their land.
This was the course they followed. In
the 1680’s most of the Spanish Indians,
terrified, joined the English. By 1710
the English wanted their lands and
turned them out. The Yemassee war
ensued and at its conclusion the rem
nants of the tribes came South and
once more sought Spanish protection.
But now it was too late, the Missions
and the forts were gone and only
Coastal San Marco at Saint Augustine
stood as a guard against the Eng
lish.
except as ruins, but the idea they em
bodied was one that challenges the
attention of the world.
When Oglethorpe arrived he was as
signed to the task of occupying a land
now desert and desolate to prevent
its re-occupation by the Spaniards.
He did this thoroughly and well. He
inflicted a great defeat on the Span
iards, and suffered a great defeat be
fore the walls of Castel San Marco at
Saint Augustine. But after his day
this land was English land.
There are various ruins on the coast
and a dispute has arisen as to wheth
er these ruins are Spanish Missions or
are old sugar mills.
The Mission side says that it is pe
culiar that there were no stone sugar
mills at any spots in Georgia except
where Missions formerly stood. The
sugar mill side states that the Mis
sions were never built of stone.
The question is not an important
one and cannot be settled except by
archaeologists. A mission church is
not of use except as and when it per
forms its functions. Its function was
to Christianize the Indian. The Indian
is gone, and the Body of Christ rests
no longer in the Missions. The build
ings they erected are of no interest
For those who care to see the ruins
of the old missions I will give a brief
description:
The mission of San Domingo de Ta-
laxe lies on the South bank of the Al-
tamaha some miles above Brunswick
on the plantation of Mr. Cator Wool-
ford of Atlanta. Mr. Woolford has
presented the mission ruins to the
state.
The Talomata Mission, founded in
1595 lies on Pease Creek in McIntosh
County Northeast of Darian. Some
years ago it was fenced in a hog pen
according to John Fate Lanning, but
the ruins in the hog pasture are still
extensive.
On the plantation of Mr. Howard
Coffin on Sapelo Island lie the ruins
of the Mission of San Jose de Yapala.
The Missions of Santa Maria, from
which Saint Marys takes its name,
stands in Camden County near Saint
Marys, on the hunting preserve of
Mr. James C. Willson, of Louisville.
' There are other ruins not yet fully
identified or not yet located, but mis
sions did not stand on Saint Cather
ine’s Island—the Santa Catalina Mis
sion. Buenaventura stood near Bruns
wick or on Jekyll Island. San Pedro
de Mocamo stood on Cumberland Is
land.
The Spanish provinces of Georgia
were Timucua in the Southeast,-Guale
further North on the coast, Tama in
Central Georgia and Apalache in
Southwestern Georgia.
Those who desire to make a study
of the subject should first read John
Tate Lanning’s “Spanish Missions of
Georgia.” They can then read Her
bert Bolton and Mary Rosa. “Spain’s
Title to Georgia by Arredondo.” “De
batable Land,” etc.. If they are still
interested they can go into the field
of original research. Jeannette Thur-
ber Connor. Father Pohlkamp, Mr.
Robert R. Otis, of Atlanta, and many
others have been interested in this
field.
St. Leo College Prep.
School
Accredited High School
Conducted by the Benedictine
Fathers
Idea] Location
St. Leo Pasco County. Florida
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SARASOTA
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GULF OF MEXICO
EXCELLENT BEACHES
BOATING FISHING
TENNIS GOLF
Rfngling Museum of Art
Clean, comfortable beds, home
like. Rates $1.00-
$1.50 single;
$1.50-$2.00 dou
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HOTEL John
A History
Of. St. Augustine, the oldest parish in the
United States, and
Of the Shrine of Nuestra Senora de la Leche,
on the site where Mass was first offered by
priests with the members of the party of
Menendez, settlers of St. Augustine
Has been published by Cathedral Parish of St.
Augustine and is on sale at the modest price
of thirty-five cents per copy plus three cents
postaage.
All who are interested in the history of the
Church in the South ought to have this in
teresting and informative work.
For copies write to THE CATHEDRAL REC
TORY, St. Augustine, Fla.
During the early years of the 17th
century the Missions went along very
well, but as soon as Charleston was
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