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SEPTEMBER 28, 1940
THE BULLETIN OF THE CATHOLIC LAYMEN'S ASSOCIATION OF GEORGIA
FIFTEEN
RIALTO THEATRE
ATLANTA, GA.
le proud of the opportunity to participate in part of the
400th anniversary of the first Mas6 celebrated in Augusta
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Greetings to the Catholics of Georgia
On the 400th anniversary of the first mass ever held in Georgia.
ATLANTA STOVE WORKS
ATLANTA, GA.
Greetings to the Catholics of Georgia
On their 400ih anniversary of the first mass celebated at Augusta.
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Atlanta, Georgia
Dr. John Lanning, of Dnlre University, Author of Inter
esting Book Published by University
of North Carolina- Press -
"The Spanish Missions of Georgia’’
Publications of the Uni
at seniority and in this respect
nd only to Florida among all the
S of the Union. Dr. Lanning,
sssor of history at Duke Univer-
reveals the relation and for the
Dr. E. Merton Coulter, of the Com
mittee on Publications, of the Uni-
of Georgia, and Hughes Spalding,
hen chairman of the Board of Re-
<ents, with the idea of the series of
studies to be designated ‘'Publica
tions of the University of Georgia. '
The Spanish days of Georgia consti
tuted "a dark corner of the state's
history that needed illuminating,” Dr-
Coulter writes in the preface of Dr.
Lanning’s work. "The University of
Georgia with its motto, “Et Docere et
Rerum Exquirere Causas,” could not
afford to remain uninterested in this
subject, as indeed of many others
that should engage the attention of
an educational institution.”
The publication of the book was
made possible through the generous
aid of Mr- Spalding. T. L. Hutson,
Harold Hirsch, Cator Woolford and
Phinizy Calhoun, Dr. Lanning says.
He makes special acknowledgment
also to President Sanford, Senor
Juan Tamayay Francisco, paleog
rapher and director of the Archivo
General de Indas in Seville, the John
Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foun
dation. Dr. Coulter, Willis J. PhySioc
and others, particularly those who
like Professor Bolton, Miss Mary
Ross, the Franciscan Fathers in this
country and Spain and others who
have done pioneering work in this
important field.
Bishop Cabeza de Altamirano of
Cuba and Florida, according to Dr.
Lanning. reached Cumberland Island
April 11, 1606. one year before
Jamestown and 14 years before Ply
mouth, and on April 12, and 13 con
firmed 308 persons, including four
chiefs: Father Baltazar Lopez, pastor
here and at San Pedro. At Talaxe,
where^Father Diego Delgado was
pastor,' 262 Indians were confirmed.
Going to Tolomato, a mission of Fa
ther Delgado, 20S received the Sacra
ment, including Chief Tuguepi, head
of the savage and war-like Salchi-
ches, “thought to be the forebears
of the Yemassee”. At St. Catherine's
Island, otf the Georgia coast nearer
the mouth of the Savannah, 286 more
were made Soldiers of Christ, this on
April 30. There were other Confirma
tion ceremonies at intermediate
points in the meantime.
along the Georgia coast, and 1,506
Christian Indans. Years later when
Jonathan Dickenson, Quaker travel
er, wartdered into Santa Maria, he
found that the Indians had commit
ted the Pater Noster, Ave Maria and
Credo to memory; “twice a day the
children assembled for instruction,
first to learn the Pater Noster, Cre
do and Salve Regina; thereafter to
essay reading and writing. Dicken
son found the Indian boys too busy at
school to leave off to gratify their
curiosity about him.” The Indians
learned the forms of Catholic prac
tice with facility.
“The marvelous adaptability of the
Catholic clergy was never more
clearly demonstrated than in their
contact with the subjugated Ameri
can aborigine, ’ Dr. Lanning"says, "on
whose miserable life the greatest
comfort and most softening influence
brought to bear was the patronage of
the Churqh and its championship
against ruthless exploitation. From
the laws of Isabel the Catholic and
Charles V had come the notion that
the Americans were wards, perpet
ual minors because of ‘their ignor
ance and weak minds'. Centuries of
experience at the confessional had
given the priest a savoir faire sel
dom found among men so detached
from the world, and this insight was
now of great service. Those centuries
of experience, when coupled with the
deep-seated sincerity of the Span
iard's absorption in religion could
not but produce results.”
Dr. tanning's attitude toward the
authenticity of the ruins along the
Georgia coast may be gauged by this
passage: “The missions themselves
when built with any degree of per
manency often presented a fortress-
like aspect of which no better exam
ple could be found than the mission-
type ruins at St Mary’s, Georgia,
where the repeated apertures at the
top of the walls still stand, a grim
challenge to attack.”
After the disastrous revolt of Juan-
illo in 1597, in which five Franciscans
were killed along the coast missions,
one Indian was executed; the others
involved were released. Subsequent
efforts to enslave the Indians were
defeated by orders from the Royal
Court, which ordered that an en
slaved Indian was to be released, for
“the king’s vassals were not subject
to involuntary servitude.”
“Rumors, which certainly reached
the king, concerning a great crystal
mountain rock in diamonds, lakes of
pearls, silver mines, nuggets of gold,
were stories which, if they taxed the
credulity none the less riveted the
attention.” The crystal mountain was
Stone Mountain, and centuries later
the North Georgia mountains did
yield gold.
Mrs. John D. Brady,
Atlanta, Is Dead
ATLANTA, Ga. — Mrs. Margaret
Brady, wife of the late John D.
Brady, owner of a leading Atlanta
bakery some years ago, died Septem
ber 7, at the residence of her daugh
ter, Mrs. Bernard J. Kane.
Mrs. Brady was bom in County
Donegal. Ireland, but came to the
United States as a young girl. She
lived in Atlanta for more than thir
ty - five years, then moved to New
York City where she made her home
for ten years, returning to Atlanta
about a year ago.
She is survived by three daughters,
Mrs. C. B. Hatcher and Miss Isabelle
Brady, both of New York City, and
Mrs. Bernard J. Kane, of Atlanta,
and seven grandchildren.
Funeral services were held from
the Cathedral of Christ the King,
the Right Rev. Monsignor Joseph
E. Moylan officiating.
MRS. MARGARET CARROLL
DIES IN ATLANTA
ATLANTA, Ga. — Funeral ser
vices for Mrs. Margaret M. Carroll,
who died September 10. were held
from St. Anthony’s Church. The
Right Rev. Monsignor Joseph Croke,
assisted by the Rev. James H. Con-
lin and the Rev. N. J. Quinlan, offi
ciated at a solemn Mass of Requiem.
Mrs. Carroll was born in Scotland
and lived most of her life in Penn
sylvania, where her remains will be
taken for burial.
She is survived by her daughter,
Mrs. N. C. Doyle, of Atlanta; three
sons, Frank J. Carroll, of Olean, N.
Y., J. E. Carroll, of Toledo, and C.
R. Carroll, of Philadelphia.
MRS. ELIZABETH DECKBAR
DIES IN ATLANTA
ATLANTA, Ga. — Funeral services
for Mrs. Elizabeth Magee Deck bar,
who died August 31, were held from
St. Anthony's Church, the Rev. N. J.
Quinlan officiating. Interment was
in New Orleans, from which city
Mrs. Deckbar pioved to Atlanta seven
years ago.
She is survived by a son, Charles
E. Deckbar. of Atlanta, and a daugh
ter, Mrs. Henry Dimm, of New Or
leans.
LEONARDO CASTELLAN
DIES IN ATLANTA
ATLANTA, Ga.— Funeral services
for Leonardo Castellan, tile setter for
the Atlanta Tile Company, who died
September 18, were held from the
Sacred Heart Church. Mr. Castel
lan was 52 years old.
On the way back to St. Augustine
the Bishop confirmed on May 4 at
Cumberland Island Indians he had
missed on the way up. Arriving in
St. Augustine on his return, he offi
ciated at a Mass of Thanksgiving
May 9. Dr. Lanning estimates that on
this first confirmation tour of a Bish
op in the present state of Georgia,
1,652 received the Sacrament, an in
crease of nearly 600 over some pre
vious estimates. An undetermined
proportion of the 482 confirmed at
San Juan may have come from Flor
ida, Dr. Lanning says, but they were
confirmed in Georgia.
The missions among the Indians
were not only along the coast but
inland, particularly among the Apa-
lache, whose headquarters were at
modern Tallahassee. In 1906 Father
Juan Batista de Capilla reported that
26 chiefs of the Apalache and Tim-
ucua were asking for missionaries.
Two years later it was reported that
5,000 of the Apalache, or one-seventh
of them, according to the figures of
the missionaries, were Christians;
Dr. Lanning thinks both figures
somewhat optimistic.
Dr. Lanning, like most other au
thorities, places the martyrdom of
Father Martinez, in 1566, the first
Jesuit to shed his blood in the west
ern hemisphere, on Cumberland Is
land, differing from Father Michael
Kenney, who locates it in Florida.
Two years later, Brother Baez, who
compiled a grammar and catechism
in the IndisnLanguage, died in an
epidemic, “the second priest to die
and the second martyr of the faith on
Georgia soil.’’
Progress was slow; the Jesuits, who
came in 1566, labored zealously, but
converts were few. In 1570 they start
ed their ill-fated journey to Virginia,
where a traitorous convert, who had
been brought to Spain by the Domini-
cians and professed great devotion to
the faiths, had them massacred.
The need for teachers in the schools
of the order and more promising
fields elsewhere led to the withdraw
al of the Jesuits from Georgia; Father
Sedeno, who had spent 14 months in
Guale. the territory which centered
around St. Catherine's Island, near
Savananh, was one of the first two
Jesuits to go to Mexico City.
In 1573 the first Franciscans came
to Georgia, but they did not remain.
The French gave trouble to the Span
ish by stirring up the Indians. In
1577 the Franciscans started perma
nent work at St. Augustine, and in
1583. Father Reynoso led another
contingent of friars to labor in the
Southeast. In 1586 Sir Francis Drake
destroyed St. Augustine, occasioning
the withdrawal of the garrison from
St. Elena in South Carolina, and the
following year twelve more Francis
cans arrived for missionary labors.
Eleven more arrived in 1593; six of
them were assigned to Guale, in up
per Georgia along the coast and at
St Catherines Island.
In isos fr, were seven missions I
In 1655. fifteen years before the
settling of Charleston, there were in
the Southeast, according to one au
thority, 38 Franciscan missions, 36,000
Christian Indians, and 70 friars; this is
the only reference to 70 friars, and
Dr. Lanning thinks it an exaggera
tion. But the substantial nature of
the work among the Indians indi
cates a substantial number of Fran
ciscans. In 1633 there'were 43, accord
ing to good authority, and in 1680
there were 52.
One great difficulty in the study of
the history of the missions among the
Indians is the habit the Indians had
of moving and taking the name of
their town with them; thus we find
Tama in two provinces at different
times.
Dr. Lanning tells of the disputes
which arose between the friars and
the governors, the friars objecting to
the governors’ treatment of the In
dians, and the governors retaliating
with similar charges, in most cases
unfounded, against the friars. An
understanding of the way in which
secular authorities generally retaliate
when the Church protests against
abuse of that authority by individ
uals is very helpful in enabling one
to gauge the sincerity of the gover
nors’ accusations. Dr. Lanning is out
spoken in his admiration for the zeal
and self-sacrifice of the friars, not
all of whom were saints, but none of
MICHAEL WILLIAM BRCPHY
DIES IN RHINE, GA.
RHINE, Gg. — More than two hun
dred persons paid a last tribute of
respect to Michael William Brophy,
one of the most beloved and admired
citizens of Rhine, at funeral ser
vices held here August 8, with the
Rev. Fred Gilbert, O. M. I., of Doug
las. officiating.
Mr. Brophy. who was 83 years ot
age at the time of his death, had
been ill for some time and Mass had
been celebrated regularly at his
home, during his illness.
THE DIONNE QUINTUPLETS, on
tile occasion of their First Holy Com
munion, received a cabled blessing
from His Holiness Pope Pius XII.
whom was afflicted witii more Ilian
minor human imperfections.
Dr. Lanning records in vivid fash
ion the coming of the English, the
fight for the possession of Georgia,
and the losing battle of the Spanish,
who were forced to draw back, step
by step. He avoids the unhistorical
error of regarding every English
conquest as a glorious victory and
every Spanish triumph as a cruel and
bloody massacre. He records the
fickleness of the Indians, whom writ
ers of text books in American history
too often paint as noble, misused
creatures when discussing the Span
ish dealings with them, and murder
ous, treacherous savages when their
relations are with the English. He
tells of Moore's expedition through
Georgia, when the Timueua, Apa
lache and Guale Missions were ruin
ed, with Moore's Army leaving pil
lage and murder in its wake. The
Spanish kept arms away from the
Indians; the English armed theirs.
The Spanish Were finally reluctantly
forced to do likewise.
There was cruelty on all sides,
Spanish. English, Indian, but the
story of the Spanish missionaries in
the Southeast as told by Dr. Lanning
reveals that they were true follow
ers of the gentle Savior, the Prince of
Peace, standing between the Indian
and cruelty, boldly forbidding his en
slavement, teaching him the dignity
of labor, raising his eyes heaven
ward to another land and another
life. All but the memory of their la
bors is gone from Georgia, but that
memory brightens instead of dims,
and Dr. Lanning's work has aided
generously in refurbishing its lustre.
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