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Written for Burke’s Weekly.
LESSONS IN BOTANY.
BY AMATEUR.
LESSON XIY.
The Leaves — continued.
-
HUS far we have been consi
er'n £ ie s Onple hiaf as com-
* posed of a single Petiole and
Lamina. Now we must consider it in
its various compound forms.
What is a Compound leaf? As the
name implies, it is a leaf composed of
a greater or less number of parts called
leafets. An ordinary observer would
consider each leafet as a separate leaf,
but it is only a part of the leaf.
Name some common compound
leaves. The Walnut, the common Ho
ney-locust, the Elder and Buckeye.
What grand divisions among Com
pound leaves? That founded upon
their original venations; one called
Pinnately compound, the other Palm
aiely compound.
s . .
"What is a Pinnately compound leaf?
One having a number of little leaves or
leafets arranged along a common peti
ole, and may vary from one pair to
thirty pairs. Example, Elder.
How may the Pinnate leaf be distin
guished? By the fact that the leafets
rarely ever separate from the petiole,
but all fall together. Beside, the peti
ole is easily distinguished from a limb
to which the simple leaf Is always at
tached.
What two forms of the simple Pin
nate leaf? The Equally and the Un
equally Pinnate leaf.
What is the Equally Pinnate leaf?
One having an even number of leafets.
What is an Unequally Pinnate leaf?
One having an uneven number of leaf
ets, the odd one standing on the apex
of the common petiole.
Fig. 47. Fig. 43.
BURKE’S WEEKLY FOR BOYS AND GIRLS.
What kind of leaf is illustrated in
Fig. 47? An Equally Pinnate leaf.
What is meant by the terms 7/i-Pin
nate and Tri- Pinnate ? If in a simply
Pinnate leaf, instead of leafets, petio
lules of the leafets bore a scries of
leafets, the leaf would be a Bi-pin
nate leaf. And if the petiolules of the
second leafets bore leafets, it would
be a 7V7-pinnate leaf. We may il
lustrate this with the veins of a leaf.
If the Primary veins were leafets, it
would be a simple Pinnate leaf. If the
Secondary veins were the leafets, then
it would be Bi- pinnate. And if the
Tertiary veins were the leafets, it would
be 7Vt-pinnate. If the division goes
beyond this, the leaf is then said to be
Decompound.
What is a Pahnately Compound leaf?
One in which the leafets all stand at
the top of the common petiole, like the
fingers of the hand ; and they vary in
number. Illustrated by Figs. 46 and 50.
Fig. 49. Fig. 50.
[Note. —It is easily perceived that between
an entire ’efjY and a P.U«u?te jar
Palmate leaf, there is every degree of va
riation from an almost entire leaf to an
almost Pinnate or Palmate one. This is
well illustrated in the Figs, from 37 to 45
(see last lesson). And it would seem that
the doctrine taught by some Botanists is
true—that all the different forms of the
compound leaf result from a non-develop
ment of the leaf-tissues between the veins.]
What is meant by Transformed leaves ?
Leaves either entirely altered in their
structure, or having their form pervert
ed to answer entirely new purposes in
the vegetable economy.
Mention some forms of such leaves.
The tendrils of the vise, the leaves of
the Pitcher-plant and of Venus’ Fly
trap.
[Note.— The object of the transformations
cannot be always detected. Why the peti
ole of the Pitoher-plant should become a
tube is not known. This plant abounds
from Macon, Ga., to the coast. In the
same region, the Bladderwort supports its
weak stem in stagnant water by numerous
little air bladders, which are really trans
formed leaves. The list of such leaves
might be considerably extended, and some
of them are quite curious.]
Sepulchre and Cemetery.
The word sepulchre means to bury.
It is the place where the dead body of
a human being is consigned, whether it
be in the ground, or an excavation in
the rocks. The word cemetery means
the sleeping place. Christianity has
turned the s epulchre into a cemetery;
assuring us, that those who die in
Jesus, sleep in Him, awaiting the resur
rection morn.
Written for Burke’s Weekly.
Thß Old Oak Tree.
t ROUND the home of my childhood
its branches were spread,
And kind was the shelter it gave
v-o my young head.
When regardless of weather I flung
all aside,
The hat and the cloak which I
ne’er could abide;
Then with step ever buoyant, and heart full
of glee,
I danced or swung under the old oak tree —
The stror g old tree!
Good friend of my childhood, that old oak
treel
Its trunk was so large, and its branches so
wide,
Os all the trees I e’er saw ’twas the glory and
pride ;
No stranger came in without pausing to
gaze,
And its grandeur and beauty they ne’er
failed to praise.
Oh! I cannot forget, though no more I may
see,
The pride of my childhood, that old oak
treel
The grand old tree!
Pride of my childhood, the old oak tree!
To study hard lessons I sought its retreat,
And the wind through its foliage made music
so sweet —
Though mournful, so tender, so pure and re
fined —
This seemed to encourage and brighten the
mind;
Then when lessons were mastered, with in
tellect free,
I gaily sung under the old oak tree.
The bright old treel
(Trup friend of my. childb.ood. that old oak
tree 1
When disturbed with the griefs all children
must feel,
And disliking to show what I scarce could
conceal,
I hastily stole ’neath its shadow so deep,
Unnoticed to murmur, to sigh, or to weep;
But from its bland influence soon sorrow
would flee—
I could not grieve long by my old oak tree 1
The dear old tree !
Soother of my childhood, the old oak treel
Long since have J parted from that beloved
home—
No, never again through its pathways to
roam ;
Time and sorrow have cast a dark shade o’er
my brow.
And the friends of my childhood—ah! where
are they now ?
Gone, gone! none are left who could cherish
with me
Each early reminiscence of the old oak tree.
The living old tree 1
Last friend of my youth is that old oak tree!
Kate Doolittle.
Bishop Asbuiiy was a guest of a fam
ily who were profuse in their hospitali
ties. Brandy was placed on the table,
and he was invited to partake, but he
declined. The lady blushed, and said,
“ Bishop, I believe that brandy is good
in its place.” “So do I,”, said Mr.
Asbury; “if you have no objection, I
will put it in its place.” So he put it
in the old-fashioned cupboard in the
corner of the room, saying with empha
sis, “ That is the place, and there let it
stay;” and there it did stay, never to
be brought on the table again.
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191