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air pump, a vessel in the shape of a steam boiler, filled with concentrated sulphuric acid. It was designed to produce carafes frappees, or frozen decanters, which was done by insert ing air tight, the nozzle of the pipe of the air pump, into the mouth of the decanter, and then the evapora-. tion caused by the rapid exhaustion would produce cold sufficient to freeze the water in the decanter.— This apparatus can be worked rapid ly, and can freezo twelve flasks con> taining a pint of water each, in three minutes. However convenient this apparatus may be to produce ice in small quantities, itisobvious it would not answer the purpose of producing ice in large quantities at a cheap rate. M. Ferdinand Carre, the brother of the inventor of the sulphuric appara tus, invented a method of producing ice in large quantities, at a cheap rate, which has proved successful.— During the French exposition of ’67, this machine was in constant opera tion, producing huge blocks of ice, congealed even many degrees below the freezing point; and one of these same machines is now at work in the city of New Orleans, supplying its citizens with ice at a cheaper rate, than the imported ice of natural for mation. The object of this little ar ticle was to explain especially the principle of this machine of Ferdi nand Carre. This can best be done by explaining a lecture room experi ment of Faraday, first illustrated in 1823. Chloride es silver will absorb at 60°F. about 40 times its volume of dry ammoniacal gas; but at the tem perature of 100° this gas is wholly expelled from the compound. Now, if some chloride of silver previously saturated with ammonia at the tem perature of 60°F. or lower, be placed in one end of a glass tube bent in shape of the letter A, and the other end be hermetically sealed and placed in vessel of cool water after the air is expelled, then the application of heat to the chloride of silver will expel all the ammoniacal gas and press it to a clear liquid in the end of tho tube in the water. After this has been done, if the end containing chloride of sil« ver be placed in a vessel of water so as to bring it down below Go°, the liquid ammonia will evaporate so ra pidly, being so absorbed by the chlo ride of silver, that it will present the appearance of ebullition, and so much heat will be absorbed in this rapid transition from a liquid to a vapor, that the water immediately surround ing the glass tube will be frozen. Forty years after this experiment was made, the principle involved therein was adopted to increase the comfort and luxury of man in produ cing cold as desired. Carre soon found that chloride of silver could not economically be employed in the manufacture of ice. But it was long THE GEORGIA COLLEGIAN. known that water, at ordinary tern perature, would absorb about 700 times its own volume of ammoniacal gas, and that this water heated to somewhat above the boiling point, would retfin hardly a trace of ammo nia. HenceWt' Was suggested to Carre to machine to utilize this property of airnmonia to produce cold artificially. Vfie constructed two forms of apparatus for this purpose, one of whieju is intermittent, and the other cortti'nuous. An explanation of tfce intermittent apparatus can be gi ven in fewer words, though this is not tho one adapted to industrial uses. A cylindrical vessel acting as a boiler contains the water saturated with ammonia. This is connected by a pipe leading from the upper part to a closed vessel called the refrigera tor. The refrigerator is the closed space included between a large and small cylinder. The small cylinder is open at the top, and is the recepta cle for the thin metallic cylinder con taining the water to be frozen. When the boiler is heated, the ammonia is driven off into the space between the two cylinders, and by pressure is re duced to a liquid at ordinary temper ature. Now if the cylinder contain ing the water to be frozen be placed in its receptacle, surrounded by salt water or alcohol to prevent adhesion when congealed, and the boiler be immersed in water, it will imme diately re-absorb the ammonia; and the transition of this liquid ammonia into vapor will absorb so much Beah> as to freeze the water in the cylinder One pound of water saturated with ammonia will thus produce three lbs. of ice. The machine actually in use —one is now in successful operation N. Orleans, and probably they are already introduced in other cities in the South—is the continuous acting. No new principle is involved, only tho machine is adapted to continuous action with a limited amount of am monia and water. It is a wonderful and beautiful application of science, thus by the application of heat, ice is produced. M. Carre states that eve ry pound of coal burned, will pro duce from eight to twelve pounds of ice. He has constructed machines capable of producing over 400 pounds of ice per hour. This apparatus would cost in Paris about ten tbous sand dollars in our currency. And it is computed that ice can be made by it at the actual cost of one quar ter of a cent fora pound avoirdupois. Besides theproduction 6f ice, there are many other useful applications of the refrigerating apparatus of M. Carre. By this apparatus, the tem perature of a room may be entirely under the control of the operator; and in processes where it is desira ble to maintain a uniform tempera ture, as in breweries and in the man ufacture of sugar, wo have no doubt ita use will soon be general. Cattle, sheep, poultry, &c., are now trans - ported in closely packed cars, and in the warmest weather to furnish the daily supplies of our large cities.— The character of the moat is thus in jured, and the expense of transporta tion a maximum owing to its bulk. By the use of one of Carre’s ma chines for producing cold, the ani mals could be prepared for food at the place where they are raised, and transported in any weather safely. Meat is thus shipped at present from Texas to New Orleans. We con-> chive it would not be difficult to con struct a car so that a constant tem perature could be maintained in it for any length of time, even a tempe rature of zero if necessary. It could also be applied to the ventilation of churches and all public assemhty rooms, by which in the most sultry weather, a flow of refreshingly cool air could be introduced. In 1850, Professor Twining of U. S., patented a method of producing ice on a commercial scale. The prin ciple of Twining, is similar to that subsequently adopted by Carre— that is of producing cold by pumping the vapor of ether and re-condensing the same by an air pump. In 1855, a machine of Professor Twining’s was in operation at Cleveland, Ohio, by which six hundred pounds of ice was produced in about ten hours. It is a source of regret, that for eign enterprise has been allowed to appropriate and to develop into a great industry, what was first clearly conceived of by our own country man. Titillative Trifles. ...After a very fine lecture of Dr. L.’s on the Laocoon, a dull Senior, who it seems, did not catch the point, asked of a fellow student, “What kind of a coon did he say that was ?” ...A certain Senior don’t like As tronomy becauso it makes him see stars. ...Why is a street lamp-post like a man’s nose? Because it has a glass on it. ...Why is an eel like a black walk ing cane? Because it is black. ...Why is a college-boy like an elephant? Bocauso—he fell of the horse. ...“ Father,” said a loving child, “if the outside of heaven is so pretty, how beautiful must be the inside.” ...A friend of ours called recently on one of his young lady friends, when presently a sweet little voice cried out from up stairs to a servant, “ Oh Jane, bring my hair from the table in the passage!” Deponent saith not how tho hair came there. ...“ Rum done it all,” said a man on the scaffold, “ and I’ll never touch another drop as long as I live.” ...A Now Albany lover, knowing .that a savage dog was kept on the premises occupied by his sweetheart, took an equally ferocious cur with him the other night and set the two dogs fighting. While the old man was separating the animals, the lov ers escaped out of the back door. ...I see tho villian in your faco, said a western judge to an Irish prisoner. May it please your worship, replied Pat, that must be a personal reflec tion. ...“Yes,” said Mr. Quill, in a dis course upon the millennium, “we may all live to see the lion lie down with the lamb, but it is likely they will bo inside each other, and the lamb won’t be on the outer side nei ther.” ...A yawn in company generally indicates a gap in the conversation. ...A member of the Pennsylvania Legislature, in defending mothers in-law, said: —“I know ’em Mr. Speaker. Have had several. They’re a good and useful class, and yet— and yet —with the best of them there may bo trouble.” “How heavy you walk,” exclaim ed Mrs. Mackwhack, on hearing her husband tumbling up stairs the oth er night. “ Well, my dear,” was the gruff response,” “if you can get a barrel of whisky up stairs with less noise, I should like to see you doit.” ...“ Now, my little boys and girls,” said a teacher, “ I want you to be very quiet—so that you can hear a pin drop.” In a minute all was si lent, when a little boy shrieked, ‘ Let her drop.’ ...Prof. S. of Hartford, the other day felt uncomfortably stiff and sore —caught cold perhaps. He lay down on a lounge and requested his friend W. to knead and rub him after tho movement cure style. W. gently beat him on the chest “How hol low it sounds,” said K., who was looking on. “That’s nothing,” said W.; “ wait till I get to his head.” ... A writer draws a comparison thus: “ Leaves have their time to fall, And so, likewise, have I; The reasou’s the same with both— It comes of getting dry. The only difference ’twixt leaves and I I falls more harder and more frequently.” X on your paper is to say that your subscription has expired. Please renew at once. LUCIS & DEMINS, DEALERS IN French Cloths and Cassimeres, Gents’ Furnishing Goods, &c. Sept 17, 1870. Notice, Students! M. G. & J. COHEN, HAVE juift received a full supply of REA DY-MADE CLOTHING, of the Latest Fall Styles, 'Which they will offer at the lowest market prices. Look out for their advertisement in the next issue of the Collegian. Sep. 17 7