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i I PAGE 6—The Southern Cross, June 8, 1963 Pope Of The People- (Continued from Page 3) John presided at centenary ce lebrations of the North Ameri can College in Rome. There, in his first address in English, he made the first announcement of the future beatification of Mother Elizabeth Seton, Ameri can-born convert and foundress of the Sisters of Charity in the U. S. Increase In Cardinals On December 14, 1959, he added eight more members to the College of Cardinals, con tinuing the policy established by Pius XII of internationalizing that body. As of that date, the college consisted of 31 Italian cardinals, 12 English-speaking, 11 Spanish-speaking, 8 French- speaking and 5 each for the German and Portuguese lan guage groups. Seven other lan guages were represented by one cardinal each: Arabic, Armen ian, Chinese, Croatian, Flem ish, Hungarian and Polish. The Pope called the third cardinalitial consistory of his pontificate for March 28, 1960, which raised the number of cardinals to 85. Among the sev en nominated for the honor were the first cardinals to be named for Japan and the Philippines, and the first Negro cardinal. These were: Peter Cardinal Tatsuo-Doi, Archbishop of Tok yo; Rufino Cardinal Santos, Archbishop of Manila; and Lau- rian Cardinal Rugambwa, Bi shop of Bukoba, Tanganyika, who was then Bishop of Rutabo. Another consistory, the Pope’s fourth, opened on Janu ary 16, 1961. Raised to cardi nalitial dignity were Archbi shops Joseph Ritter of St. Louis, Luis Concha Cordoba of Bogota, Jose Humberto Quintero of Caracas and Giuseppe Ferretto of the Vatican staff. During the first 3 years of his Pontificate, Pope John ca nonized five persons: Charles of Sezze and Joaquina de Ver- druna de Mas on April 12, 1959; Gregory Barbarigo, May 27, 1960; John de Ribera, June 12, 1960; and Bertilla Boscardin, May 11, 1961. Distinguished leaders in the world who have called on the Pope include President Charles ■ De Gaulle of France, Chancellor Konrad Adenauer of Germany, President Manuel Prado of Pe- NEW & USED mcmillan motor co. 934 Fourth Ave. FA 2-5400 Columbus Columbus Fish Company FISH IS OUR MIDDLE NAME Retail-Wholesale Restaurant 3800 River Road Columbus, Georgia For Home Delivery Call FA. 3-3651 COLUMBUS, GA. ru, President Arturo Frondizi of Argentina, former U. S. president Dwight Eisenhower, the King and Queen of Siam, Queen Elizabeth of England, King Baudouin and Queen Fabi- ola of Belgium, Premier Cos- tantine Karamalis of Greece and Premier Amintore Fanfami of Italy, Prime Minister MacMil lan of Great Britain. A highlight of 1961 was the social encyclical “Mater et Magistra” (Mother and Teach er), issued on July 14 to com memorate the 70th anniversary of Pope Leo XIII’s encyclical “Rerum Novarum.” Its 25,000 words set forth four social problems con fronting modern man and offer solutions to them. The problems are: the depressed state of ag riculture in an increasingly technological world, the vast differences between under developed and the technoligi- cally advanced nations, the lack of trust among nations, and the relation of the world population increase to economic develop ment. Among several new theses presented in the encyclical is Pope John’s contention that a carefully regulated socializa tion can be advantageous. Pope John issued another ap peal for Christian unity in his encyclical: Aeterna DeiSapien- tia (The Eternal Wisdom of God), on November 11, 1961. Written to commemorate the 15th centenary of the death of Pope St. Leo the Great, it paid tribute to a pope who directed one of the earlier general coun cils of the Church (Council of Chalcedon, 451). On May 6, 1962 Pope John canonized Martin de Porres, Peruvian-born Dominican Bro ther. The new saint, a Negro, died in 1639 and was beatified in 1837. Saluting St. Martin as “the angel of Lima,’’ the pope implored those present to imi tate his virtues and said, “May the light of his life illuminate for men the road of Christian social Justice and of universal charity without distinction of color or race.” In July 1962 Pope John issued His seventh encyclical entitled Paenitentiam Agere (To Do Pe- jyljAsL, chained 3,500 words. In it he urged the world’s Catholics to practice penance in preparation -for the- Second Vatican Council, which opened in Rome on October 11, 1962. And he called upon the world’s bishops to institute solemn no- venas in honor of the Holy Spi rit to invoke the blessings of ^divine grace on the Fathers of the Council. Second Vatican Council On October 11th He presided at the opening ceremonies of the first session of the Second Vati can Council, declaring that it would be a council of hope and a preparation for Christian uni ty. The Pope proclaimed his fearless hope that the council “will bring the Church up to date where required.” He as sured the cardinals and bishops gathered around him near the tomb of St. Peter that the coun cil will compel "men, families and peoples everywhere to turn their minds toward heavenly things.” In response to a petition of many Catholics throughout the United States and the world, Pope John issued a motu pro- prio in which it was decreed Columbus’ Finest In Fashion KIRALFY’S DOWNTOWN AND CROSS COUNTRY-COLUMBUS, GEORGIA It’s Easy To Open A Kiralfy’s Charge Account FuccVs /Tfinri RESTAURANT 1041* Broadway L'U'J” * Dial FA «•» ! SPECIAL OB77 A ; OFFER Complete ! MEXIBAN ; DINNER ft FOR THE 1 L PRICE OF 1 ! $1.35 i » Not Good On Sats. Or J Also the Finest in ITALIAN FOODS Last Day Of Month Nothing disappears as fast as., COLUMBUS, GA. as of December 8, 1962, the name of St. Joseph shall be in serted in the Canon of the Mass, to be placed in the Communi- cantes, the third prayer in the Canon of the Mass, immediate ly after the Blessed Mother’s name and preceeding those of the Apostles and a dozen early martyrs. This he hoped would give “great impetus” to devo tion to St. Joseph and the Holy Family. The first sign that the Pontiff was ailing came on November 27, 1962 when it was revealed that He was suffering from gastric troubles that caused anemia. On December 2nd Pope John made his first brief public ap pearance since his illness. He was seen briefly at an open win dow in his apartment. Many Bishops in Rome for the Council sessions, joined the throngs in St. Peter’s Square when it was announced the Pontiff would give his usual Sunday blessing. On December 9, 1962, Pope John presided over abbreviated ceremonies for the canoniza tion of three more saints, all men religious who lived in the 19th century. They are St. Pe ter Julian Eymard, a French man who founded the congrega tion of the Blessed Sacrament Fathers; and two Italians, St. Francis Mary Croese of Cam- porosso, Capuchin Brother, and St. Anthony Mary Pucci, a Ser- vite priest. On January 20,1963, the Pope raised Blessed Vincenzo Pallo- tti, a Pallotine priest to saint hood. Pope John also beatified Mo ther Elizabeth Seton, foundress of the Sisters of Charity in the U. S., on March 17, 1963; Lui gi Palazzolo, a priest of the Pope’s native diocese of Ber gamo, on March 19, 1963; and announced that Venerable John Nepomucene Neumann, C.SS.R., Bishop of Philadelphia from 1852 to 1860, would be beatif ied on June 23, 1963. (Date now posponed). In February, 1963, Archbish op Josyf Slipyi of Lviv, sole survivor of the Byzantine Rite Catholic Bishops of the Ukraine, received a hero’s welcome from Pope John on his arrival in Va tican City after 18 years of im prisonment and house arrest in the Soviet Union. The Pope greeted the prelate's- release as “a stirring consolation for which We humbly thank the Lord.” Pacem In Terris Peace is a problem of morals, not power, Pope John said in his last Encyclical which urged everyone to strive for a peace founded on love instead of fear. Entitled “Pacem in Terris” (Peace on earth) it was the first encyclical to be addressed not only to Catholics but to “all men of good will.” The document called for eli mination of all racism, encou ragement of ethnic minorities, and voluntary establishment of world authority capable of deal ing with problems of universal common good on a world scale. Dated April 11, 1963, Holy Thursday, the Pope’s eighth en cyclical is an analysis of the nature of peace, means of at taining it and practical mea sures for ensuring it. One section of the encyclical, on the delicate question of co operation with communist na tions and movements, arous ed widespread discussion. The Pope made clear that commun ism is intrinsically wrong, but pointed out that because of the possibility of change and the existence of some truths amidst Marxist errors, it may be pos sible to work with communist states or movements for good causes. Pope John’s persistent ef forts for peace received out standing recognition on May 1, 1963, when he received the $160,000 Balzan Peace Prize. He was the first person to re ceive the prize. The citation praised him for his “activity in favor of bro therhood among men and among all peoples through appeals for peace.” 8 Encyclicals (Continued From Page 4) institute solemn novenas in hon or of the Holy Spirit to invoke the blessings of divine grace on the Fathers of the council. Pope John’s last encyclical Pacem In Terris (Peace on Earth) dated April 11, 1963, was acclaimed throughout the world. A clarion call for world peace, the encyclical was ad dressed not only “to the epis copate of the Universal church and to the clergy and faithful of the whole world, but also to “all men of good will.” Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, Savannah, pictured being draped in black in mourning for late Pontiff. Pope’s Death (Continued from Page 1) generally weaker. His temperature continued to rise throughout Sunday, but the Pope remained lucid during short and infrequent periods of consciousness. The first real indication that he was beginning to lose coh- trol of his mental faculties came when his close personal friend Giovanni Battista Cardinal Montini, archbishop of Milan emerged from the papal bed chamber in tears and announc ed that the Pope had failed to recognize him. The approaching end was her alded by Pope John’s rapidly increasing pulse and falling blood pressure throughout Sun day night and Monday morning, when a Vatican bulletin declared that the pontiff was then beyond the reach of both medicine and Ipain. Cardinal Aloisi Masella, Camerlengo of the College of Cardinals, entered the pope’s bedroom shortly before 6:00 p.m. Rome time. Among his duties is certification of the pope’s death. An hour later Cardinal Luigi Traglia began the celebration of Mass on the steps of St. Peter’s, under the window of the pope’s room, three stories above. A throng of 80,000 knelt in atten dance. Then shortly after Mass came to an end and as many began to make their way home from the fourth evening’s vigil, the great bell of St. Peter’s began its mournful toll. A great sighing moan arose as all eyes were lifted to watch the great Basili ca’s doors being slowly closed, the sign that the church was without a shepherd. Moments later, at 7:53 p.m., Vatican Radio announced to a sorrowfully expectant world “The Supreme Pontiff John XXIII is dead.” The lights in the pope’s ap- partments, dimned to ease the pontiff’s dying moments, sud denly shone starkly in the dark ness. The long tortuous vigil was ended. John XXIII had gone to God. Cardinal Tells 500,000 Fatima’s Message Is Taking Effect LISBON, (NC)—Arcadio Car dinal Larraona, C.M.F., Pre fect of the Sacred Congregation of Rites, told nearly half a million pilgrims that the Bless ed Virgin’s message here 46 years ago is taking effect. “Fatima is known the world over for its spirit of penance and prayer. It is now a leading center of spirituality as is wit nessed by an increasing num ber of novitiates and religious houses,” he said. Cardinal Larraona presided at ceremonies (May 12 and 13) marking the 46th anniversary of the first of six appearances of the Blessed Virgin here to three children: Lucia dos Santos, Francisco Marto and his sis ter Jacinta, on May 13, 1917. Francisco died in 1919 and Ja cinta died the following year. Lucia is a Carmelite nun in Coimbra, Portugal. The Fatima shrine realizes the Gospel message, the Cardi nal said. He added that he hopes the shrine will keep its primi tive spirit intact. “1917 was a decisive and his toric year, both politically and religiously,” he said. “As re volutionary doctrines spread all over the world during the First World War and brought new divisions and wars, Our Lady appeared here to remind us that God chose her maternal heart as a symbol of His everlasting mercy. “God is not only a Father. Through Mary, He shows His infinite maternity.” Mary’s spiritual motherhood stems from the mysteries of the Incarnation and the Sacri fice of Calvary, he said. Cardinal L arra ona offered the first Mass to be said in honor of Our Lady of Fatima as patroness of the Diocese of Lerira, the diocese that in- Pope John XXIII on more than one occasion showed his love for missionaries and the missions. On Holy Thursday, 1959, he emulated the example of Christ with His apostles by kneeling and washing the feet of 13 missionary priests. eludes Fatima. The Mass is the same as the one that is said for the feast of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Aug. 2) except for two prayers, the collect and the postcommunion, which were composed by His Holiness Pope John XXIII. Impassioned Feeling- (Continued from Page 3) ber 28, the Feast of Christ the King, Premier Khrushchev an nounced that his nation would stop work on missile sites in Cuba and would dismantle them. President Kennedy stated that the U.S. would end its blockade of Cuba and would not invade that country. On October 26, in receiving members of the Balzan Founda tion, a group similar to the Nobel Foundation, led by Ita lian President Giovanni Gron- chi, Pope John again repeated his hopes for world peace. On October 27, in answer to a telegram of good wishes from the Fathers of the council on the fourth anniversary of his elec tion to the papacy he said: “Let “Sergeant Roncalli” Saw War’s Horrors As Soldier, Chaplain (N.C.W.C. NEWS SERVICE) A man of peace, Pope John XXIII knew the horrors of war at first hand. On two occasions he served his country. At the age of 20 he interrupted his studies to volunteer as an ordinary soldier for one year. Later, during World War I, he was recalled for military service from 1915 to 1919, first as a medical ser geant and later as a chaplain. Angelo Roncalli’s first term of military service was with the 73rd Infantry Regiment of the Italian Army. On November 30, 1901, a few days after his 20th birthday, he interrupted his seminary studies to volunteer for one year. Six months later he was promoted to corporal and was discharged at the end of a year with the rank of sergeant. It is said that at the end of its training his platoon was rated as one of the best. When Italy entered World War I, he was recalled to duty, May 24, 1915. At that time Father Roncalli and all other priests who were drafted were enrolled first as medical orderlies. The future Pope John trained in a military hospital and soon wore the uniform of a sergeant. He was sent off to the Austrian front where he saw the horrors of war at first hand. In March, 1916, when the government agreed that priests should be enlisted as military chaplains, with the rank of lieu tenant, Father Roncalli served in that capacity in various mili tary hospitals near Bergamo and in Turin, Italy. It was dur ing this period of his career that he grew a mustache, pro bably to offset his youthful looks. At the end of four years’ service, he collected his accu mulated back pay, stating that he planned to use it for the stu dent house which he intended to found upon his return to Berga mo. In a letter to the president of the Association of Italian Chap lains, in 1956, the then Arch bishop Roncalli, Patriarch of Venice, recalled his war ex periences, stating: “I am grateful for everything to the Lord. . .but I especially thank Him for the fact that when I was 20 years old He willed that I should do my military service, and then, during the First World War, served again as a sergeant and chaplain. What a knowledge of the human Soul one gains that way! What experience and what grace were given me to dedicate myself, to MACON ESSAY CONTEST—Winners of the Macon Knights of Columbus Essay contest were Susan Woodhall—1st prize; Sally Moran—2nd prize; Ellen Adams—3rd prize. Topic of the essay was: “The Problems of the Church in Latin America and What I can do to help solve them.” —(Photo by George Currey) understand life and the priestly apostolate.” Again, in one of the first audiences of his pontificate, on November 26, 1958, Pope John told members of the British Commonwealth War Graves Commission: “Your presence first of all evokes in Our mind memories which are distant, but still remain among the most moving experiences of an already long life. The high pla teaus of Asiago and those lands washed by the Piave River, en deared to you by graves of so many of your countrymen, were familiar to us during the World War I years when We function ed there as military chaplain. We brought aid to so many of the wounded. To many of the dying We brought comfort and the peace of final absolution. How many fell on the field of honor!” These military experiences were again recalled by Pope John in February, 1959, and also in June, 1959, when he re ceived in audience groups of former Italian Army chaplains. Speaking to some 700 of them in the Vatican Gardens (June 11, 1959), the Pope said in part: * ’The service We performed as chaplain in wartime hospitals is unforgettable. It allowed Us to gather from the groans of the wounded and sick the universal aspiration for peace, he supreme good for mankind.” Indeed, Pope John never for got that he was Sgt. Angelo Roncalli. In the first days of his pontificate, while visiting the quarters of the Pontifical Nobile Guards on the feast of their patron, St. Sebastian, (in 1959) he said to a captain of the guard: “Captain, you are a bigger noise than I am, be cause I was only a sergeant.” On another occasion, while receiving in audience a group of Italian Bishops, he spied the gold stars of a general on the shoulders of Bishop Arrigo Fin- tonello, the Military Ordinary for Italy. “As a sergeant,” Pope John said with a smile, “I should really stand at atten tion before you instead of you kneeling before me.” us pray constantly together to the Prince of Peace that His peace, which is above all know ledge, may safeguard the hearts and minds of men, removing all dangers against peace, dan gers which can cause endless ruin and tears if they are not eliminated immediately and with supreme prudence.” Speaking to some 30,000 per sons gathered in St. Peter’s square on the feast of Christ the King (October 28) he made another plea for them to build, to heal and to make the heavenly light shine more vividly in the faces of men.” Without referring directly to the easing of the Cuban crisis, Pope John told a general audi ence on October 31, 1962, that “peace is knocking at our doors. We see the rays of peace ap pearing and spreading on the! horizon.” He added that “the world is tired of anxieties, tur moil and uncertainties.” In his fifth Christmas mes sage to the world, entitled “Truth and Peace,” on Decem ber 22, 1962, Pope John re peated the impassioned peace appeal he launched at the height of the Cuban crisis and noted that his words had not been wasted. Speaking to representatives of some 50 diplomatic missions accredited to the Holy See on December 23, Pope John reminded them that: ‘ ‘The cause of peace is your own, gentle men, for are you not by pro fession the craftsmen of nego tiation, the enemies of hasty and* violent solutions to the difficul ties between nations? But the cause of peace, to speak more truly, is the cause of the whole world.” Climaxing these pleas was the Holy Father’s last encycli cal, Pacem In Terris, which is an analysis of the nature of peace, means of attaining it and practical measures for ensur ing it. It was the first encycli cal addressed not only to Catho lics, but to “all men of good will.” The coat-of-arms of Pope John XXIII reflects his origins in Sotto il Monte and his con nections with the province of* t Bergamo and the city of Venice. The tower is adapted from the Roncalli crest painted on the family home in Sotto il Monte. The fleurs-de-lis are the em blem of the martyr Alexander, patron of the Bergamo diocese. Venice is symbolized by a wing ed lion carrying an open book on the pages of which are writ ten these words: “Pax tibi, Marce, evangelista meus” (Peace to you, Mark, my evan gelist). 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