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f PAGE 6—The Southern Cross, June 15, 1963 American Cardinals (Continued from Page 1) through Cardinal Puzyna that he did not want the election of the leading candidate, Secre tary of State Cardinal Rampol- la, and threatened to use the power of veto if he were elect ed. In those days, some Catho lic countries were allowed this veto or “Right of Exclusion.” But the incident so shocked and angered the 62 Cardinals pre sent that the newly-elected pope decreed that excommunication was to be pronounced “ipso facto’ ’ against any cardinal who attempted to act for a govern ment by casting a veto during a conclave. In his motu proprio “Cum Proxime,” March 1,1922, Pope Pius XI extended the interval between a pope’s death and the opening of the conclave to a maximum of 18 days. Pope Pius XII, in his apostolic constitution of December 8,1945, “Vacantis Apostolic Sedis,” reformed the entire body of rules governing the conclave. Because of the legislation de creed by Pius XI and Pius XII, the American and other cardinals living at great dis tance we now able to journey to a conclave in time to par ticipate in the voting. In 1878, at the election of Pope Leo XIII, John Cardinal McClos- key, Archbishop of New York and America’s first and only cardinal then, did not arrive in time to vote, but was pre sent for the coronation on March 3, 1878. First American Cardinal to vote in a papal election was the Archbishop of Baltimore, James Cardinal Gibbons, who was present for both the elec tion and coronation of Pope St. Pius X in August, 1903. At the election of Pope Bene dict XV, on September 3, 1914, John Cardinal Farley, Arch bishop of New York, was the only American present. He was traveling in Switzerland when Pius X died on August 20,1914. On the day after the Pope’s death, Cardinal Gibbons and Boston’s William Cardinal O’ Connell had sailed from New York for Naples, where they landed on September 3, the very day Pope Benedict was elected. Again no American cardinal was present for the election of Pope Pius XI on February 6, i922. For the second time Cardinal O’Connell lost his race across the Atlantic. In his first audience with the new Pope he spoke of his disappointment, and Pius changed the regulations, extending the time, in a new Apostolic Constitution. But even with this extension of the time between the death of a pope and the opening of a conclave to elect another, Cardinal O’Connell nearly mis sed the opening of the conclave that elected Pope Pius XII on March 2, 1939. The Cardinal was in Nassau when he received word on February 10 that Pius XI had died, and had first to return to the U.S. by boat be fore going to Rome. Philadelphis’a Archbishop Denis Cardinal Dougherty and Chicago’s Archbishop George Cardinal Mundelein had reached New York in time to depart on the liner Rex on February Directors Of Book Shop Meet SAVANNAH—The Board of Directors of the Notre Dame Book Shop held their quarter ly meeting recently at the Book Shop. Miss Moira Fogarty, new ly elected secretary, Miss Jan et Spillane and Dr. Lawrence Dunn were welcomed as new members to the Board. The Book Shop situated for the past several years in their attractive location at 302 East Liberty Street is staffed by volunteer workers ready to serve you. Most people are not aware that a lending library is available at a small fee of .50<£ for students, $1.00 for adults or a family membership can be secured at $2.00 per year. A wonderful stock of chil dren's books is on hand, as well as a fiction and non-fic tion section for adults, includ ing most of the best-sellers, all of which can be purchased. With so many graduation and weddings this time of the year, special attention is given to gifts along this line and it is no problem to find a suitable gift for your favorite graduate, whether it be a girl or boy. Lovely items for the bride-to- be such as vases, pictures, etc. are available and the ever pop ular “Catholic Bride’s Book’’ is a gift that will always be cherished. Hallmark and Rust- craft cards for all occasions are displayed for your conven ience in making your selec tion. 11, reaching Rome in ample time for the election. Cardinal O’Connell arrived at Naples on the Neptunia on March 1, and hastened by auto to Rome. He was the last of the 62 Cardi nals to arrive, reaching the con clave chamber less than an hour before the doors were locked. It was the first time that thre U. S. Cardinals voted in a papal election. Now in the days of speedier transatlantic liners and jet planes, the trip to Rome pre sents no great problem. How ever, it is interesting to note that to get to the conclave which elected Pope John XXIII on October 28, 1958, Francis Cardinal Spellman, Archbishop of New York, had his difficul ties of transport. When Pius XII died on October 9, 1958, Cardinal Spellman was on the high seas returning to the United States with some 600 pilgrims aboard the Greek liner Olympia. The news came at 5 a. m. The ship veered off course to take the Cardinal to the Azores. A launch met the ship and took him to Terceira Island, whence he was flown to the Island of Santa Maria, where he caught a Portuguese plane for Lisbon, arriving thre at 6p.m. Thirty- five minutes later he was en- route by air to Rome, arriv ing there at two minutes past midnight. Detroit’s Archbishop Edward Cardinal Mooney and the Archbishop of Los Angeles, James Francis Cardinal McIntyre, also arrived before By Father Patrick O’Connor Society of St. Columban HUE, Vietnam, (NC)--What happened here on May 8 has an gered Buddhists in Vietnam and elsewhere, grieved Vietnamese of all religions, gladdened com munists and worried Ameri cans. Yet these happenings, which .have had repercussions from Saigon to Ceylon and Wash ington, are not known fully or clearly by the world at large. No foreign correspondent was in Hue on May 8. One came four days later and left on the morrow. In Saigon the govern ment and the Buddhist organiza tion gave out conflicting re ports. It is still hard to uncover all the facts here. The following summary is based on informa tion from various trustworthy sources: As far back as Septem ber, 1957, the Vietnamese gov ernment issued an order res tricting the public display of “international religious flags.” The order was repeated in 1958 and 1962 but remained a dead letter until early last month. On May 6, only two days be fore the feast of Buddha’s birth day, the government sent out word that the order, with tight er restriction added, was now to be enforced. Catholic author ities were notified as well as Buddhists. During the previous week two Catholic bishops had been installed, one of them in Danang (Tourane) 60 miles south of Hue, amid profuse displays of papal colors in flags and buntings. On May 7, Buddhist house holds had already hung out the Buddhist flag here. When the police went around telling people to take down their flags, some strong objections were made. The province chief who is also mayor of Hue, a Buddhist, then told the bonzes (Buddhist monks) that he would suspend the order for three days. Accordingly late on May 7 or on the morning of May 8, the festival day, the Buddhists of Hue were told that they were free to fly their flags as be fore. A protest meeting was held, nevertheless, at a pagoda. Ban ners with slogans accusing the government of unfairness to wards Buddhists were carried. A bronze made a speech quot ing these slogans. That evening Buddhists gath ered at the principal pagoda, where a traditional flower dance was to be performed. It was cancelled by the bonzes, and the assembled people were ask ed to go in procession downtown to the government radio station. About 3,000 marched, the men, women, children and bon zes forming sections. At the radio station a bonze demanded that a radio program of his be broadcast. Some say that he wished to make a speech over the radio. Others said that the beginning of the conclave. Of the 55 cardinals, eligible to vote, only 51 entered the 1958 conclave. Cardinal Mooney, at age 76, died of a heart attack at the North American College on October 25, less than two hours after the conclave opened. Cardinal Mindszenty, Arch bishop of Esztergom, Hungary, was unable to be present, as he was in the American Lega tion at Budapest, where he still maintains asylum following the Hungarian revolution of 1956. Alojzije Cardinal Stepinac, Archbishop of Zagreb, who died in 1960 , was then confined in his native village of Krasic by the Yugoslav communist gov ernment. Thomas Cardinal Tein of Peking, now in exile, returned to Rome from Germany in an ambulance, where he had been hospitalized following an auto accident, and arrived in time to participate in the election of Pope John XXIII. When Pope John XXII was elected at the conclave of 1314 at Carpentras, France, the car dinals had deliberated 24 months. The shortest -conclave in the history of the papacy was that which elected Pope Julius II, after only a few hours. His Predecessor, Pius III, had' died on October 18, 1503, after a reign of only 26 days. It was Julius II (1503-1513) who ordered Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (1508-12) and he also founded the Swiss Guard in 1506. he asked the station director to put a tape recording of the morning meeting on the air. In either case it would mean a speech accusing the gov ernment of persecuting Bud dhists. The station director said that he could not put an uncen sored program on the air. The crowd outside showed resent ment. The security chief, a Catholic army officer, tele phoned to the corps area com mander, Gen. Le van Nghiem, in Danang, for instructions. The general, a Buddhist, told him that he should use the armed forces, if necessary, to protect the government build ing. The security officer brought police and soldiers, two or three armored cars and a fire truck to the scene. The crowd reportedly taunted and jostled the soldiers. What finally led to the use of force by the military is not clear. First they turned a fire house on the people and then used teargas grenades. They fired over the heads of the crowd—no bullet marks or sharpnel nicks are visible on the walls of the radio station or near it. Then somebody threw a con cussion grenade, which killed seven persons and wounded oth ers, of whom one died later. The victims were two young women, not over 20, and boys and girls from 12 years up. An armored car went over two of the bodies, apparently after the victims had been killed or wounded. It is impossible to find out who threw the grenade that night. The type used is com mon in various branches of the armed forces here and could come in various branches of the armed forces here and could come into anyone’s hands. It is likely that some soldier lost his head and threw it, perhaps without realizing how much harm, a concussion grenade could do in the midst of a crowd. Two of the victims, accord ing to a Catholic source here, had been taking instructions in Christian doctrine. They were probably just onlookers. The seven killed outright are called martyrs by the Buddhist bonzes. Their photographs, all showing pathetically bright young faces, mounted toge ther in a Buddhist design and framed, are displayed in the pa goda. Buddhist leaders had already used the flag decree, even after it had been suspended for Hue, as the occasion for two mass demonstrations on grounds of general alleged ill treatment. The tragic deaths outside the radio station gave them a new and far more impressive griev ance, on which they have not ceased to capitalize. Vietnam Killings Angered Persons Of All Religions (Continued from Page 4) Officials, Diplomats, Non-Catholic Leaders At Capital Mass I have treasured a copy of per haps the first public utterance of Pope John which was in a way to embody the very key to his world appeal and esteem—sim plicity and love. It was given as he announced the name he would take as Pope: “I shall be called John. This name is sweet to us because it was our father’s; it is dear be cause it was the name of the humble parish in which we re ceived Baptism. . .But we love the name of John so dear to us and all the Church particularly because it was borne by two men who were most close to Christ, the Lord, the divine redeemer of all the world and founder of the Church. John the Baptist; the percursor of Our Lord; . . .And the other John: the disciple and Evangelist, preferred by Christ and His most sweet Mother, who at the last supper, leaned on the breast of Our Lord and thereby obtain ed that charitable love which burned in him with the lively and apostolic flame until great old age. . .And may John the Evangelist who, as he himself attests, took with him Mary, the mother of Christ and our mother, sustain together with her this same exhortation, which concerns the life and the joy of the Church and also the peace and prosperity of all peo ples: ‘My children, love one ano ther; love one another because this is the great commandment of the Lord.’ ” Now it is up to us the living to dedicate ourselves to the mandate of our dear departed. WASHINGTON, (NC)—Large numbers of government offi cials, diplomats and non-Catho- lic religious leaders helped fill the National Shrine of the Im maculate Conception here for a Pontifical Requiem Mass for Pope John XXIII. Archbishop Egidio Vagnozzi, Apostolic Delegate in the Uni ted States, was celebrant of the Mass. Archbishop Patrick A. O’Boyle of Washington preached the sermon, describing the late Pontiff as “a greater man by far than most generations are privileged to see.” Seated in front pews were U.S. Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Atty. Gen . Robert F. Kennedy, Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Anthony J. Cele- brezze and Associate Justice Stanley Reed (retired) of the U. S. Supreme Court. Hundreds of members of the diplomatic colony here were in attendance. Nearly 100 non-Catholic re ligious leaders, including Bis hop William F. Creighton of the Episcopal Diocese of Washing ton, occupied a special section of pews directly in front of the pulpit. Many senators and represen tatives, judges of various Fed eral courts, high administrative officials and civic leaders also were present. Seated in the great sanctuary of the Shrine were Archbishop Ambrose Senyshyn, O.S.B.M., of the Archeparchy of Phila delphia for the Byzantine Rite; Bishop Joseph M. Schmondiuk of the Ukranian Catholic Dio cese of Stamford; Auxiliary Bi shop Philip M. Hannan of Wash ington; Auxiliary Bishop Joseph A. Costello of Newark; Abbot Alban Boultwood, O.S.B., of St. Anselm's Abbey in this city; numerous monsignori and rep resentatives of scores of reli gious orders and congregations. Solemn Pontifical Requiem For Pope John CATHEDRAL ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST, SAVANNAH Subdeacon chants assurances of the resurrection and life everlasting from Saint Paul’s Epistle totheThessalonians. I will go unto the Altar of God, unto God, who giveth joy to my youth, The Gospel passage from the Mass of Requiem com forts mourners with the words of Christ, “I am the resur rection and the life. He ^yho believes in me, even though he be dead, yet he shall live. And whosoever lives and be lieves in me shall never die.” . The Chalice is lifted for the veneration of the faithful after the consecrating words, “This is the chalice of My Blood, of the new and eternal testament,” and the Sacred Blood of the Savior is offered to His Heavenly Father on behalf of the soul of Pope John XXIII. Receiving Holy Communion, worshippers become one with Christ and with all who are joined with Him in heaven. Bishop McDonough extolls the life and virtues of a beloved pope. LttbL iCD^cuo cut c> paxu lu idLC nuiy jratuci uy uicsaiag aiiu xiiv^ci 10x115 uiauiv-ui catafalque, symbolic of Pope John’s mortal remains.