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f / Test Ban Treaty Offers Hope To World But Involves Problems Needing Close Look By Senate The author of this analysis of implications of the nuclear test ban treaty is professor of political theory and internation al relations at St. Joseph’s Col lege, Philadelphia, and visiting lecturer in the graduate school of the University of Pennsyl vania. He is chairman of the Arms Control Committee of the Catholic Association for International Peace and an as sociate of the Foreign Policy Research Institute at the Uni versity of Pennsylvania. By James E. Dougherty (N.C.W.C. NEWS SERVICE) The limited nuclear test ban treaty negotiated by the United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Union holds out great hopes to the world, but it also involves problems that will de mand searching scrutiny by the U. S. Senate before it is rati fied. Men everywhere will join with His Holiness Pope Paul VI in welcoming the treaty and hop ing that it will prove “sin cere and successful” and lead to other agreements "for the tranquility, order and peace of the world.” The treaty deserves ap plause insofar as it prevents further radioactive contamina tion of the atmosphere. And if it helps create a new climate in international relations and leads to a genuine detente be tween this country and the So viet Union, it will be a major benefit to mankind. The treaty comes soon after the peace encyclical of the late Pope John XXIII, Pacem in Ter ris, in which he called for ef forts by the major powers to halt the arms race. Thus, one cannot help thinking that it re presents a kind of response by the governments of the world to the Pope’s appeal to “find that point of agreement from which it will be possible to > commence to go forward tpwards accords that will be sincere, lasting and fruitful.” President Kennedy in his tel evision address to the nation July 26 recognized that there will be debate over the treaty. It is quite natural that there should be some controversy. For after 17 years of effort to achieve some kind of arms agreement with the Soviet Un- SIGNED TEST-BAN TREATY FOR U. S.—U. S. Secretary of State Dean Rusk (above) was in Moscow, August 5, for the signing of a limited nuclear test-ban treaty negotiated by the United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Union. The agreement bans testing in the air, outer space and under the sea. The delegation leaders are expected to remain in Moscow for follow-up talks with Soviet leaders, which it is hoped will further ease the cold war tensions. This was Mr. Rusk’s first visit to Russia and the first visit there of a U. S. Secretary of State in 16 years.—(NC Photos) ion, all of it fruitless except for the 1959 treaty on the An tarctic, it is understandable that many Americans should view the test ban agreement with misgiving. There is, however, no need to assume that the Soviets, in de ciding to enter this treaty at the present time after having rejected our offers for a sim ilar treaty in 1959 and 1962, are now trying to turn the stra tegic tables on the United States. It is beyond doubt that the So viets could have other reasons for entering the agreement. They may be under real econ omic pressure at home to cut down on their military expendi tures in order to raise the stan dard of living and ensure a con tinued satisfactory growth rate for the Soviet economy. They may also feel that their current ideological and strate gic dispute with the Peking com munist regime warrants their mending their fences, at least temporarily, with the West. Finally, there is the possi bility that after trying for sev eral years to overcome the strategic superiority of the United States, they have de cided that this objective is out of the question for the time being, since it would require too large an allocation of resources to 3 o jp' ior £L kic, %s. * Orradialed ta nun-1) Mnnztt&b. Over 40 Years of Dependable Courteous Service SAVANNAH, GEORGIA J person - to - person Service for Jl Lanin ids pour bantunp neet SAVANNAH BANK & Trust Co. Savannah, Georgia Member F. D. I. C. All Makes & Models/O Z.... , _ . 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F or nearly five years Ameri can diplomats at Geneva put considerable emphasis on the need for a comprehensive test ban treaty, including the under ground tests excluded from the present agreement and accom panied by adequate internation al inspection. Many treaty advocates ar gued that one of its major bene fits would be the establishment of a very significant precedent in the field of arms control and disarmament. This precendent, of course, was to have been the acceptance by the Soviet Union of international inspec tions posts on its territory. The limited test ban treaty signed in Moscow, however, seems to depart from the prin ciple of international inspec tion. This may or may not be a serious matter. In any event, it is something that should be considered thoroughly during the Senate hearings. The lack of provision for in spection in the current treaty raises first of all a question of security. The administration is sure to be questioned during the Senate hearings about the pos sibility of the Soviets conducting nuclear tests without being de tected. It will also be asked about the progress made by the Soviets in their tests of the last few years, with special refer ence to their progress in the anti-missile missile field and in acquiring knowledge about the effects of nuclear explos ions on military communica tions. Going beyond the specifics of this treaty, however, the ab sence of provision for inspc- tion raises an important and rather worrisome question about the future of disarmament and arms control negotiations. The question is whether this partial treaty with no provision for inspection may create an undesirable precedent for the writing of other partial arms agreements by the United States and the Soviet Union. The relevance of this issue is apparent when one reflects on the repeated speculations during the last two years that the U. S. and the U. S. S. R. may try to move toward some kind of “parity” in total nuclear missile capability. Such an agreement would of course re quire very rigid inspection and control. Another possible arms ag reement frequently discussed in recent years—and revived again in connection with the Moscow test ban treaty talks— has been the creation of a zone of military disengagement or denuclearization in central Eu rope. If such an agreement could ever be reached, it too, would require effective inspection and control provisions. Considerations such as these were clearly on Pope John’s mind when in Pacem in Ter ris he spoke of the need for “an effective method of con trol” for any progressive and reciprocal disarmament meas ures. Rather than embodying the principle of international in spection, the present treaty relies on national sovereign judgment concerning secur ity matters. Thus, it contains a clause which clearly per mits any party to withdraw up on three months' notice, if it believes that its security is in any way jeopardized by de velopments related to the sub ject matter of the treaty. Within a democratic country like the United States, suspic ion that another signatory pow er was violating the treaty might well lead to bitter internal de bate over whether this country should abrogate its treaty ob ligation and resume testing. This and other related prob lems arise out of the word ing of the current treaty and also out of the nature of mili tary technology itself, which cannot easily be regulated by legal, diplomatic instruments. Such problems will undoubtedly be carefully weighed by the members of the U. S. Senate. Their debate, provided that it is conducted with intelligence, calmness and objectivity, can constitute an instance of the finest working of a democratic deliberative assembly. The issues before the Amer ican people and the Senate are of the gravest importance. They cannot be resolved by appeals to political slogans either by the advocates or the opponents of the test ban. They call for the application of a highly critical political intelligence, which seeks hon estly to strike a balance be tween the interests of all man kind—namely, the desires of men for peace and their fears of a radioactive environment— and the security of the United States and of all those coun tries which throughout the post war period have depended upon American military strength as the guarantor of their indepen dence. We should not expect too much from the test ban. The American press has shown a tendency to oversell the sig nificance of this agreement, just as it has often over sold the import of events in the past. The test ban treaty does not mean that the cold war has suddenly come to an end or that the United States can afford to relax its defensive programs. Nor is it at all clear that the test ban will serve one of the cherished pur poses of its advocates, namely to prevent the further prolifer ation of nuclear weapons to na tions not yet possessing them. Although several other coun tries have already announced that they will adhere to the treaty, the two powers whose intentions have been the object of greatest concern to the So viet Union and the United States in recent years have both stated flatly that they will re ject the ban. Communist China seems de termined to acquire nuclear capabilities with or without Soviet assistance. France has already acquired them without American help and will un doubtedly continue to develop her “force de dissuasion” un less the United States can some how heal the breach which has arisen in the Atlantic alliance over the Anglo-American effort to retain a virtual monopoly of leadership with respect to nu clear strategy. In the face of Chinese and French policies, no one can say how long the new treaty, assuming that it is ratified, will remain operative, since each side may come to sus pect the other of exploiting an ally’s testing program to ad vance its own nuclear technol ogy. One of the serious problems facing the United States in its efforts to reach arms agree ments with the Soviet Union stems frorr the fears of many Centenary In East Africa NAIROBI, Kenya, (NC) — The Holy Ghost Fathers marked the centenary of their arrival in East Africa with the consecra tion of the new Holy Family cathedral here. Laurean Cardinal Rugambwa, Bishop of Bukoba, Tanganyika, assisted by Archbishop John J. McCarthy, C. S. Sp., of Nairobi consecrated the cathedral in the presence of 2,000 persons including 12 other bishops. Among those present were: Archbishop Guido Del Mestri, Apostolic Delegate in Nairobi; Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, C. S. Sp., Superior General of the Holy Ghost Fathers; and Tom Mboya, Kenya’s Minister of Justice and Constitutional Affairs. During a solemn pontifical Mass sung by Cardinal Rugamb wa, Archbishop Del Mestri read a letter from His Holiness Pope Paul VI congratualting the Holy Ghost Fathers on the opening of the cathedral and on their cen tenary. Archbishop McCarthy read a Swahili-language trans lation of the Pope’s message. Shortly after the ceremonies Cardinal Rugambwa departed for the United States. Holy Ghost missioners first came to East Africa on June 16, 1863, when two priests and two Brothers landed on the is land of Zanzibar. The next 100 years saw the arrival of missioners from other orders: White Fathers, Benedictines, Mill Hill Fathers, Capuchins, Consolata Fathers, Verona Fathers, Passionists, Palottines, Maryknoll Fathers, Kiltegan Fathers and Ros- minians. The period from 1863 to 1963 also saw Catholicism spread all over East Africa. Uganda is now nearly 30 percent Catholic. Tanganyika, 16 per cent; and Kenya, 11.8 per cent. Zanzibar is predominantly Muslim and Catholics number only a little more than 2,000 in a population of 300,000. East Africa now has about 4,500,000 Catholics. The area has 6,622 Catholic schools, 16, 780 Catholic leaders, 489 Af rican priests, 1,632 missionary priests, 2, 207 African Sisters and 1,376 missionary Sisters The Catholic Hierarchy in East Africa is made up of a Cardinal (African) four arch bishops ( two are African), 33 bishops (10 are African) and two apostolic prefects. East African leaders who are Catholics include President Ju lius Nyerere of Tanganyika, former Prime Minister Bene- dicto Kiwanuka of Uganda, and Kenya’s Tom Mboya. “Race Prejudice Mocks Religion” WICHITA, Kan., (NC)--Bi shop Leo C. Byrne said here radial prejudice makes a mock ery of Catholicism which is bas ed upon Christ’s teaching of love of God and fellowman. In a pastoral letter read in all churches and chapels, the Apostolic Administrator of the Wichita diocese said racial dis crimination is sinful and segre gation is a blot on U. S. society. “Racial prejudice is some times directed toward the Span ish speaking, but more often to ward the Negro,’’ he wrote. ‘ ‘In either case, it calls for ser ious examination of conscience in matters of interracial justice, as carefully as we would examine our conscience in any other area of our moral life.’’ Bishop Byrne asked the faith ful to join him in prayer * 'that the Catholic people of our dio cese will not be guilty of racial prejudice in any form.’’ Europeans—and these fears are quite understandable — that Soviet-American detente will lead eventually to a non-ag gression pact and perhaps to other agreements that will cast doubt on the American willing ness to honor its pledge to NATO. While the United States is making overtures to the So viet Union, it should at the same time attempt to bring about a closer political unity within the Atlantic alliance and a greater consensus of the mil itary requirements needed for the continued defense of Europe. The more unified the Atlan tic community is, the more like- it will be that the West will be able to make continued pro gress in its efforts to bring about the kind of peaceful world for which both Pope John and Pope Paul have expressed such an ardent desire. The Southern Cross, August 8, 1963—PAGE 3 PROMOTE FAMILY ROSARY—Father Arnold E. Toner, C.S.C., Provincial of the Anglo- Canadian Province of the Holy Cross Fathers, has recently sent Father William Belyea, C.S.C., to join the band of nine other Holy Cross priests working with Father Patrick Peyton, C.S.C., founder and promoter of the worldwide family rosary crusade. At present Father Peyton and his group are laboring in Brazil where the Crusade has received a warm welcome. A million and a half people attended a giant rally in Rio de Janeiro. The picture shows Father Peyton on the left, and His Eminence Paul Emile Cardinal Leger, Archbishop of Montreal. Father Belyea is on the right.—(NC Photos) Situation Of Church In China Reported Worse ROME, (NC)—The status of the Catholic Church in Red China is getting worse, a mis sion news agency has reported. Travelers coming from Red China speak of a general har dening of communist opposition, according to Fides, a news ser vice issued here by the Sacred Congregation for the Propaga tion of the Faith. Fides speaks of a two-fold silence: Christians of the free world know almost nothing about the Church in China, and Chi nese Catholics are absolutely ignorant of religious events in the world outside. As far as is known, no news paper mentioned the ecumeni cal council or. Pope John’s encyclical on peace, Pacem in Terris, or the awarding of the Balzan peace prize to Pope John XXIII, the agency’s report said. The death of Pope John and the election of His Holiness Pope Paul VI were mentioned in a few lines. Private letters to bishops and priests giving in formation about the council have brought no response. The Church is still living but public practice of religion var ies greatly in different parts of Red China, Fides said. In rural districts where churches have been converted to other uses, there is hardly any public prac tice. In some places, the faith ful think that they can receive the sacraments from “patriot ic priests” without fault, while in others they do not. In some places, government officials posted at church doors take down the names of those who enter and keep a close check on sermons, the report said. In Shanghai, Fides said, “pa triotic priests,” who are a mi nority, are in charge of the churches, which are gener ally deserted by Christians. The other priests are in prison, or in “camps for reform by la bor” or just missing. Priests held in work camps are forced to perform the most menial tasks. Newspapers constantly harp on "class struggle” and the need to eliminate “bad ele ments,” the report said. A movement known as “Tsi- Fan,” although not aimed directly at Catholics, has caus ed the arrest of many Catholic laymen and several Religious— including Sister Gabriel Sen and Sister Stanislaus Chow of the Sisters, Helpers of the Holy Souls, and Jesuit Lay Brother Laurence Tsao. STATE DEPUTY BARNEY DUNSTAN, left, goes over tentative program plans for 1963-64 with Grand Knight John Myers, right, and Deputy Grand Knight Dick Murray, of Patrick Walsh Council 677, Augusta. Augusta Knights Plan ram For 1963-64 Progi AUGUSTA — The Knights of Columbus in Augusta are pre dicting that 1963-64 will be one of the biggest years in all re spects for their Council and plans are currently being laid to make these predictions be come a reality. Richard Murray, Deputy Grand Knight and General pro gram Chairman, reports a full schedule for the first six months of the council year. Members will hold a CLERGY NIGHT in September to honor the dedi cated priests and brothers in the Augusta area. Membership drives are planned for the fol lowing month along with spe cial recognition to Mary and for Columbus Day on the 12th. November will be highlighted by Mass and Communion at St. Mary’s On The Hill followed by an annual Memorial Service at the Council House. The Allstate Motor Club says you’re following too closely if the vehicle ahead is limiting your view on oncoming traffic, approaching intersections or traffic signs. Drop further back, particularly when follow ing trucks, buses, trailers and other large vehicles. In addition to the already scheduled activities, many pro grams are being organized for the fall including a big dance and a football forum. Future activities will also feature a retreat in September and a Cor porate Communion in con nection with the Centennial celebration of Saint Patrick’s in Augusta. The Augusta council also boasts a new newspaper, which is part of their Public Rela tions efforts. Father Mathias ZengSinTeh, 52, of the Shanghai diocese has died in prison, Fides said. The priest had been sentenced to im prisonment and forced labor for giving information to the “im perialists” of Hong Kong. A 52-year-old Carmelite nun, Sister Marie of the Angels, was reported to have died of exhaus tion in the fields of a peoples’ commune near Shanghai. r ~ //^SOUTHERN ! VENETIAN BLIND CORP. 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